CN107082730A - 一种含稀土的油茶专用有机肥 - Google Patents

一种含稀土的油茶专用有机肥 Download PDF

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CN107082730A
CN107082730A CN201710471316.2A CN201710471316A CN107082730A CN 107082730 A CN107082730 A CN 107082730A CN 201710471316 A CN201710471316 A CN 201710471316A CN 107082730 A CN107082730 A CN 107082730A
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姚本祥
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Guizhou Xiang Chi Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B15/00Organic phosphatic fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种含稀土的油茶专用有机肥及其制备方法,所述专用有机肥的原料包括:氨基化木质素、膨润土、竹炭、腐殖酸、钾长石粉、油茶饼、氮肥、钙镁磷肥、钾肥、农用稀土、硼砂、硫酸铜、氯化锌和水。本发明有机肥效元素全面,肥效持久,矿物质利用率高,可以提高土壤的保肥保水能力,进而促进油茶的生长,提高油茶的产量与品质。

Description

一种含稀土的油茶专用有机肥
技术领域
本发明涉及肥料,尤其涉及有机肥料,具体而言,涉及一种含稀土的油茶专用有机肥及其制备方法。
背景技术
油茶(CamelliaoleiferaAbel.)是我国特有的木本油料树种,栽培历史悠久,适生地域广阔,在全国大部分省区都有分布,每年产油20万t以上,不仅为国家提供了优质的食用植物油,而且还增加了山区人民的经济收入。然而至今单位面积产油量不高,虽然经过多年的栽培实践,油茶种植的经济效益并没有实质的提高。影响油茶产量的因素很多,就大部分省区来说而言,林地经营水平不高是一个重要原因。
稀土有机肥在适当的条件下,对植物的许多生理功能都有积极影响。使用适当比例的稀土有机肥可以提高植物叶片中叶绿素的含量和各种酶的活性,调节植物的生长机能,增加干物质的积累,提高果树产量等。当前技术中,关于油茶专用稀土肥的研究不多,如专利号为CN201010281153.X的一种油茶专用生物有机肥,使用了有机肥、草炭、含N46%尿素、含K2O60%氯化钾1-5%、含P2O512%的钙镁磷肥6-16%、硼砂0.1-0.5%、硫酸锌0.1-0.3%、稀土微肥0.1-0.2%,利用畜禽粪为原料,通过添加巨大芽孢杆菌进行发酵,适当配比N、P、K等大量元素及微量元素,使其既能满足油茶对养分的需求,又能起到改良土壤。其肥料中速效养分含量低,肥效容易被雨水淋溶而损耗。可以看出,对于油茶使用的稀土肥有待于更进一步的研究。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种含稀土的油茶专用有机肥。
本发明所要解决的另一技术问题在于提供上述含稀土的油茶专用有机肥的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种含稀土的油茶专用有机肥,按其质量比计包含如下组分:
氨基化木质素12-15、膨润土8-10、竹炭3-5、腐殖酸20-25、钾长石粉15-20、油茶饼12-18、氮肥6-7、钙镁磷肥4-5、钾肥5-6、农用稀土0.35、硼砂0.16、硫酸铜0.2、氯化锌0.2、水9-14;
所述氮肥为尿素或磷酸脲;钾肥为氯化钾或硫酸钾。
上述含稀土的油茶专用有机肥的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)取所述质量份的氮肥、钙镁磷肥、钾肥在溶解槽内循环加热溶解,温度控制在75-85℃,制成溶解液;
(2)将所述质量份的农用稀土、硼砂、硫酸铜、氯化锌依次在水中溶解,加入步骤(1)制备溶解液中,混合成为营养溶液待用;
(3)按所述质量份数将氨基化木质素、膨润土、竹炭、腐殖酸、钾长石粉、油茶饼进行搅拌混匀,得到载体物料;
(4)将步骤(2)中营养溶液缓慢、均匀注入经载体物料进行二次搅拌;
(5)经挤压成粒、抛圆,经输送机将合格品进行烘干、冷却。
上述油茶专用有机肥适用于各种生长期的油茶,施用量为280kg/亩。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明油茶专用有机肥对环境友好,无毒无害,而且具有较好的调节植物体的生长、增强植物体的抗旱、抗病性及增加产量等作用;通过合理的配方,防止叶片功能过早衰老,使叶片延长同化作用,提高光合功能,推叶片的脱落,为果实的生长、产量的提高提供了充足的物质基础,有效解决了作物富营养或缺素症问题。并且本发明中氮肥选择磷酸脲,可以适当降低pH值,利于可溶性肥效的溶出,而且本有机肥可以改良土壤,抑制土壤中的硝化作用,提高土壤生物活性,促进钾长石粉等缓效肥的释放,可以长期稳定的为油茶提供养分。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
一种含稀土的油茶专用有机肥,由氨基化木质素、膨润土、竹炭、腐殖酸、钾长石粉、油茶饼、氮肥、钙镁磷肥、钾肥、农用稀土、硼砂、硫酸铜、氯化锌和水组成,按其质量比计氨基化木质素15kg、膨润土10kg、竹炭5kg、腐殖酸25kg、钾长石粉20kg、油茶饼18kg、磷酸脲7kg、钙镁磷肥5kg、硫酸钾6kg、农用稀土0.35kg、硼砂0.16kg、硫酸铜0.2kg、氯化锌0.2kg、水9-14kg;
上述含稀土的油茶专用有机肥的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)取所述质量份的氮肥、钙镁磷肥、钾肥在溶解槽内循环加热溶解,温度控制在85℃,制成溶解液;
(2)将所述质量份的钙镁磷肥、钾肥、农用稀土、硼砂、硫酸铜、氯化锌依次在水中溶解,加入步骤(1)制备溶解液中,混合成为营养溶液待用;
(3)按所述质量份数将氨基化木质素、膨润土、竹炭、腐殖酸、钾长石粉、油茶饼进行搅拌混匀,得到载体物料;
(4)将步骤(2)中营养溶液缓慢、均匀注入经载体物料进行二次搅拌;
(5)经挤压成粒、抛圆,经输送机将合格品进行烘干、冷却。
试验例
田间试验位于铜仁市德江油茶种植基地,林地土壤属于低丘红壤,西南坡向,平均坡度为25°左右,海拔在800m左右。选择同一地块内生长一致的油茶为试验材料。
试验设处理2个,分别为:试验组,使用本发明有机肥;对照组,使用河南誉中奥农业科技有限公司生产的油茶专用有机肥,按照说明书施用。每3株油茶为1个小区,随机排列。测试用的样枝、样叶采自树冠外围向阳的结果枝,各测试项目均重复3次。
测量指标:分别测定叶面积、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、核糖核酸水解酶活性、光合速率测定,油茶果实成熟后,分别采集果实并称重,以计算油茶产量。
试验结果:
试验组 对照组
当年生单片叶面积(mm2 1163.1 1059.6
可溶性蛋白(mg/gFW) 0.367 0.293
核糖核酸水解酶活性(OD 260 0.059 0.043
叶绿素总量(mg/gFW) 0.851 0.682
光合速率/(mg/dm2·h-1) 4.736 4.259
产量(kg/株) 3.46 2.58
可以看出,相对于使用市售有机肥的对照组,使用本发明有机肥后,当年生单片叶面积提高了9.8%,可溶性蛋白含量提高了25.3%,核糖核酸水解酶活性降低了37.2%,叶绿素总量提高了19.9%,光合速率提高了10%,产量提高了34%。

Claims (2)

1.一种含稀土的油茶专用有机肥,其特征在于:按其质量比计包含如下组分:
氨基化木质素12-15、膨润土8-10、竹炭3-5、腐殖酸20-25、钾长石粉15-20、油茶饼12-18、氮肥6-7、钙镁磷肥4-5、钾肥5-6、农用稀土0.35、硼砂0.16、硫酸铜0.2、氯化锌0.2、水9-14;
所述氮肥为尿素或磷酸脲;钾肥为氯化钾或硫酸钾。
2.如权利要求1所述一种含稀土的油茶专用有机肥的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
(1)取所述质量份的氮肥、钙镁磷肥、钾肥在溶解槽内循环加热溶解,温度控制在75-85℃,制成溶解液;
(2)将所述质量份的农用稀土、硼砂、硫酸铜、氯化锌依次在水中溶解,加入步骤(1)制备溶解液中,混合成为营养溶液待用;
(3)按所述质量份数将氨基化木质素、膨润土、竹炭、腐殖酸、钾长石粉、油茶饼进行搅拌混匀,得到载体物料;
(4)将步骤(2)中营养溶液缓慢、均匀注入经载体物料进行二次搅拌;
(5)经挤压成粒、抛圆,经输送机将合格品进行烘干、冷却。
CN201710471316.2A 2017-06-20 2017-06-20 一种含稀土的油茶专用有机肥 Pending CN107082730A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107628860A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2018-01-26 安庆市望马楼生态农业发展有限公司 一种改良土壤的油茶肥料制备方法
CN107721546A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2018-02-23 安庆市望马楼生态农业发展有限公司 一种高利用率的油茶肥料制备方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101973823A (zh) * 2010-09-14 2011-02-16 江西省林业科学院 油茶专用生物有机肥及其生产方法
CN102659475A (zh) * 2012-04-28 2012-09-12 天津丰润园精细化工科技有限公司 一种茶草用缓释有机肥及其制备方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101973823A (zh) * 2010-09-14 2011-02-16 江西省林业科学院 油茶专用生物有机肥及其生产方法
CN102659475A (zh) * 2012-04-28 2012-09-12 天津丰润园精细化工科技有限公司 一种茶草用缓释有机肥及其制备方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107628860A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2018-01-26 安庆市望马楼生态农业发展有限公司 一种改良土壤的油茶肥料制备方法
CN107721546A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2018-02-23 安庆市望马楼生态农业发展有限公司 一种高利用率的油茶肥料制备方法

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Application publication date: 20170822