CN1070768A - Color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type - Google Patents
Color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1070768A CN1070768A CN92109014A CN92109014A CN1070768A CN 1070768 A CN1070768 A CN 1070768A CN 92109014 A CN92109014 A CN 92109014A CN 92109014 A CN92109014 A CN 92109014A CN 1070768 A CN1070768 A CN 1070768A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- screen
- shadow mask
- axis
- ray tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/86—Vessels; Containers; Vacuum locks
- H01J29/861—Vessels or containers characterised by the form or the structure thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
- H01J29/06—Screens for shielding; Masks interposed in the electron stream
- H01J29/07—Shadow masks for colour television tubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2229/00—Details of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2229/86—Vessels and containers
- H01J2229/8613—Faceplates
- H01J2229/8616—Faceplates characterised by shape
- H01J2229/862—Parameterised shape, e.g. expression, relationship or equation
Landscapes
- Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
Along panel is the long axis of outer surface and the curve form Z of minor axis at least
X, Z
YRoughly available Z
X=A
1X
2+ A
2X
4+ A
3X
6And Z
Y=A
4Y
2+ A
5Y
4+ A
6Y
6Expression, the panel panel is the individual point (X=X of outer surface in the effective interface portion of screen at least
1, Y=Y
1) the curve form P that locates
X, P
YAvailable
Obtain, wherein satisfied inequality 0.5≤P
X≤ 0.9 and 0.6≤P
Y≤ 1.0.Can revise the distortion that is reflected to image on the panel panel outer surface like this, reduce the phenomenon that arches upward of shadow mask, thereby obtain high-quality image.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type, thereby particularly a kind of has a color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type that shape that so-called flat horizontal surface makes the panel panel almost is the plane.
The cathode ray tube that color image display is used (to call color cathode ray tube in the following text) normally is made of faceplate part, neck part and glass wimble fraction.Faceplate part is an imaging screen, neck partly is used for installing electron gun, the glass wimble fraction partly couples together faceplate part (panel panel) and neck, the glass wimble fraction is equipped with deflection system, by the electron beam that this deflection system deflection electron gun is launched, the phosphor screen that its scanning is formed on panel inner surface.
On the panel inner surface planar mask is housed.Planar mask is color selective electrode, and its sweep is near the profile of panel surface curvature part, impacts position on the phosphor screen to limit a plurality of electron beams that emit from electron gun.
The electron gun that is contained in the neck part has various electrodes, for example, cathode electrode, control electrode, convergence electrode and accelerating electrode, electron gun is just with being added to the electron beam of the Signal Regulation of control electrode from cathode electrode, makes the cross section of electron beam form desired shape and provides energy to electron beam by convergence electrode and accelerating electrode, makes it impact phosphor screen.The deflection system that is located at the glass wimble fraction make electron beam from electron gun to fluoroscopic way in the horizontal direction with the vertical direction upper deflecting, on phosphor screen, to form image (referring to for example Japanese publication 215640/1984).
Modern color cathode ray tube tends to have so-called flat horizontal surface, and the panel panel that promptly forms visual place almost is the plane.
The flatness of color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type panel panel receives the influence of panel panel periphery part curvature greatly.Therefore, along with reducing of panel periphery part curvature, increased the flat sensation of panel panel.Yet, in order to satisfy the curvature of panel panel, shadow mask also will be made flat pattern, and this has improved the landing error that electron beam causes because of the shadow mask thermal expansion (phenomenon arches upward), thereby make the image distortion that is reflected on the panel panel outer surface, be difficult to demonstrate high-quality image.
Japan's publication 232247/1088 discloses a kind of panel panel and has made color cathode ray tube flat, that the phenomenon that arches upward makes moderate progress.
According to above-mentioned communique invention disclosed, the shape three dimensions The Representation Equation of panel panel surfaces externally and internally, wherein the X-axis line is long axis (horizontal axis), and the Y-axis line is minor axis (vertical axis), and z axis is the axis of pipe.In other words, the curve form Z on X-axis line and the Y-axis line
XAnd Z
YCan use Z haply
X=A
1X
2+ A
2X
4And Z
Y=A
3Y
2+ A
4Y
4Expression, and at a point (X=X of the effective interface portion of screen
1, Y=Y
1) the curve form P that forms
XAnd P
YRoughly can use P
X=A
1X
2 1/ (A
1X
2 1+ A
2X
4) and P
Y=A
3Y
2 1/ (A
3Y
2 1+ A
4Y
4 1) expression, wherein the effective interface portion of screen is the interface between screen live part and the perimeter part, above-mentioned constant A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Obtain and make it satisfy inequality 0.3≤P
X(X=X
1)≤0.6 and 0.95≤P
Y(Y=Y
1)≤1.0.In addition, the arch that panel panel outer surface curvature is almost equal, and when effective diagonal diameter of its radius of curvature R (millimeter) is the V(inch) time, can satisfy relational expression 1.5(42.5V+45.0)≤R≤2.0(42.5V+45.0), thereby reduce the phenomenon that arches upward of shadow mask, the intensity of raising panel and flat improves reflexing to the lip-deep image of panel.
Yet, in having the common color cathode ray tube of above-mentioned curve form,, make the radius of curvature of peripheral part be in above-mentioned R(millimeter when thinking further to make the panel panel become more flat) outside the scope time, reflection image on the outer surface distorts greatly, and particularly local distortion increases greatly.In addition, because mask arch, landing error increases, the quality of the shown image of grievous injury.
The objective of the invention is to solve the problems referred to above of prior art, a kind of such color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type is provided, this ray tube has not only improved the distortion situation that is reflected in image on the panel panel outer surface, and can demonstrate high-quality image by the degree of arching upward that reduces shadow mask.
For achieving the above object, color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type provided by the invention comprises the screen live part and centers on the peripheral part of screen live part, and has the rectangle panel panel that characterizes by long axis and minor axis, be that (wherein the X-axis line is the long axis of rectangle panel panel during with the three dimensions The Representation Equation for the curve form of outer surface at least wherein when the panel panel, the Y-axis line is the minor axis of panel panel, z axis is the axis of pipe), the curve form Z on long axis and minor axis
XAnd Z
YRoughly can be represented by the formula:
Z
X＝A
1X
2+A
2X
4+A
3X
6
Z
Y＝A
4Y
2+A
5Y
4+A
6Y
6
And when the panel panel be a point (X=X, the curve form P that Y=Y) locate of outer surface at least in the effective interface portion of screen
XAnd P
YCan following formula:
P
X＝A
1X
1/（A
1X
2 1+A
2X
4 1+A
3X
6 1）
P
Y＝A
4Y
1/（A
4Y
2 1+A
5Y
4 1+A
6Y
6 1）
During expression, constant A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, A
5And A
6Should satisfy following formula:
0.5≤P
X（X＝X
1）≤0.9
0.6≤P
Y（Y＝Y
1）≤1.0
Wherein the effective interface portion of screen is the interface between screen live part and the peripheral part.
In addition, minor face screen interface part and long side screen interface portion on the panel panel outer surface, the arc curvature of this two interface portion is almost equal, and when effective diagonal diameter of panel panel was the V inch, the radius of curvature R of each arc (millimeter) satisfied following relationship:
2.0（42.5V+45.0）≤R≤4.0（42.5V+45.0）
By setting up the shape Z of panel panel surfaces externally and internally
X, Z, the curve form P at a some place on the effective interface of panel
X, P
YAnd radius of curvature R, it is in the above-mentioned scope, can reduce the distortion degree that is reflected in image on the peripheral part surface, improve the anti-characteristic that arches upward of the curved surface profile shadow mask consistent, thereby draw the flat high color cathode ray tube of visual display performance with the curved surface of panel panel.
Fig. 1 is the front view of color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type panel panel of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of panel shown in Figure 1, and wherein Fig. 2 (a) is the cutaway view along the intercepting of X-X line, and Fig. 2 (b) is the cutaway view along the intercepting of Y-Y line.
Fig. 3 is the effective interface portion of screen of color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type panel panel of the present invention, wherein Fig. 3 (a) is the cutaway view along the effective interface portion intercepting of the long side screen of parallel long axis X-X, and Fig. 3 (b) is the cutaway view along the effective interface portion intercepting of the minor face screen that is parallel to minor axis Y-Y.
Fig. 4 is the panel panel of color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type of the present invention and the shadow mask cutaway view in the picture diagonal direction.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram in order to the relation between explanation deflecting coil characteristic and the aperture mask curved surface characteristic.
Fig. 6 is the cutaway view in order to the structure of explanation shadow mask type cathode-ray tube of the present invention.
Specify color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type of the present invention by an embodiment now.
Fig. 1 is the front view of the color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type panel panel of one embodiment of the invention.Fig. 2 (a) is the cutaway view of Fig. 1 along the intercepting of X-X line, Fig. 2 (b) is the cutaway view along the intercepting of Y-Y line, wherein, number 1 indication panel faceplate panels, 2 expression screen live parts, 3 expression peripheral parts, 32 expression minor face peripheral parts, the long limit of 32 expressions peripheral part, the effective interface portion of 4 expression screens, the effective interface portion of 41 expression minor face screens, the effective interface portion of the 42 long side screens of expression, X-X represents long axis (X-axis line), and Y-Y represents minor axis (Y-axis line), and V represents catercorner length (inch).
Among Fig. 1 and 2, panel panel 1 is almost rectangular, with X-axis line (X-X) as long axis, as minor axis, the screen live part 2 of panel has a fluorescent surface, is formed with the three fluorescence material on the inner surface of fluorescent surface with Y-axis line (Y-Y), the surfaces externally and internally of fluorescent surface, shape is almost equal, when electron beam impacts on the screen live part 2, just has image to show.
What the outer surface of panel panel of the present invention was total can be represented by the formula:
Z＝A
1X
2+A
2X
4+A
3X
6+A
4Y
2+A
5Y
4+A
6Y
6+A
10X
2Y
4+A
11X
4Y
4+A
12X
6Y
4+A
13X
2Y
6+A
14X
4Y
6+A
15X
6Y
6
Wherein Z represents to suppose that face plate center is zero, during the outer surface off-center with respect to the slippage at center.Shown in following formula like that, curved surface Z and 15 coefficient A
1To A
15Relevant.Coefficient reaches 15 and means that nearly 15 possibility is arranged; In other words, for choosing best coefficient, need through a large amount of valuation processes, thereby make the enforcement of cathode ray tube be difficult to carry out.
The present invention is with such basis that is found to be, be the coefficient of surface equation on X-axis line and Y-axis line and the equivalent curvature of peripheral part, flat and the minimizing of panel panel surface is played an important role on arching upward, and draw such argument: as long as suitably choose each coefficient on X-axis line and the Y-axis line and the equivalent curvature of peripheral part, can reduce the phenomenon that arches upward, make panel flat.
By the present invention, when effective diagonal diameter is the V(inch) time, the radius of curvature R (millimeter) of the minor face of panel panel outer surface and the effective interface portion of long side screen can be got 2.0(42.5V+45.0)≤the interior value of scope of R≤4.0(42.5V+45.0).Here, Z
XAnd Z
YExpression panel 1 is along the curve form of long axis X-X and minor axis Y-Y usefulness three dimensions The Representation Equation, promptly
Z
X＝A
1X
2+A
2X
4+A
3X
6，Z
Y＝A
4Y
2+A
5Y
4+A
6Y
6。
Here, R can determine as follows.That is, the long limit R among Fig. 3 (a) can use R=(dx
2+ x
2 1)/2dx obtains, and the minor face R among Fig. 3 (b) can use R=(dy
2+ y
2 1)/2dy obtains.
Suppose that the effective interface portion 4 of screen almost is parallel to the curve form three dimensions equation P of long axis X-X and minor axis Y-Y
XRepresent with P.The same curvature of carrying above the employing and effective diagonal diameter, curve form P
X, P
YAvailable P
X=A
1X
2 1/ (A
1X
2 1+ A
2X
4 1+ A
3X
6 1), P
Y=A
4Y
2 1/ (A
4Y
2 1+ A
5Y
4 1+ A
6Y
6 1) obtain constant A wherein
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, A
5And A
6Can be at 0.5≤P
XAnd 0.6≤P (X=X1)≤0.9
Y(Y=Y
1A point (X=X of the effective interface portion 4 of the inherent screen of the scope of)≤1.0
1, Y=Y
1) choose.In constant A
1To A
6Satisfying under the situation of above-mentioned condition, even peripheral part equivalence radius of curvature obtains greatly, the characteristic of also can avoiding arching upward degenerates, and the image of avoiding reflecting seriously distorts.
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of the effective interface portion of screen of Fig. 1, wherein Fig. 3 (a) is along the cutaway view that almost is parallel to the effective interface portion 42 of the long side screen of long axis (X-X), and Fig. 3 (b) is along the cutaway view that almost is parallel to the effective interface portion 41 of minor face screen of minor axis (Y-Y).
Among Fig. 3, the effective interface portion 42 of the screen of the X-X that almost parallels to the axis has a curved surface that continues with minor face circumferential portion 31, and the effective interface portion 41 of the screen of the Y-Y that almost parallels to the axis has a curved surface that continues with long limit peripheral part 32.
Therefore, the curved surface and the effective interface portion 41 of screen that contains the Y-Y that almost parallels to the axis that contain the effective interface portion 42 of screen of the X-X that almost parallels to the axis, their curvature R1 and R2 are almost equal, can make long limit (axis X-X limit) and minor face (axis Y-Y limit) flat like this, and remedy the distortion that is reflected to lip-deep image.Can also reduce the phenomenon that arches upward of the shadow mask that is installed in the panel panel, and reduce landing error.
On the other hand, when each curved surface of panel was pressed above-mentioned value, panel produced so-called reflex action and plays (inverse-warping) phenomenon in the cross section of diagonal, and as shown in Figure 4, the second differential sign modification of its outer surface curved surface once.But if shadow mask is made the shape that reflex action rises, then will change because of the sound equipment of television receiver, and produce the whistle phenomenon (howling phenomenon) of so-called colored imbalance by the shadow mask that the porous metal sheet is made and intensity is little.Therefore in the present invention, the important point is, even the symbol of panel outer surface second differential is constant.Here why scope be limited at least porous in part because non-porous peripheral part is to be made by the bigger metallic plate of intensity, and be subjected to the influence of sufficient whistle little.But the second differential symbol on preferably yes the whole shadow mask is all constant.
Fig. 4 shows one embodiment of the present of invention, also is the cutaway view of cathode ray tube of the present invention in diagonal.Certainly, though for the intensity that improves shadow mask when its peripheral part forms rib, each curved surface of rib should not change yet.
Except the shape of panel negative camber, the characteristic of deflecting coil plays an important role at the vpg connection of determining aperture mask curved surface.Fig. 5 shows this point, and wherein symbol DP represents the deflection plane of deflecting coil.Optimum distance between shadow mask and the panel inner surface is determined that by the S value this S value is then main given by the distance of electron gun.Yet effectively the S value changes with the characteristic of deflecting coil.Therefore, can change each curved surface of shadow mask by the characteristic of selected deflecting coil.
Fig. 6 is the cutaway view of color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type structure of the present invention, wherein number 1 indication panel faceplate panels, 2 expression screen live parts, 3 expression peripheral parts, 5 presentation surface panel edges parts, 6 expression fluorescent surfaces, 7 expression shadow masks, 8 expression neck parts, 9 expression glass wimble fractions, 10 expression magnetic screens, 11 expression deflecting coils, 12 expression electron guns, 13 expression colour purity magnets, the magnet that the center electron beam static convergence is used is regulated in 14 expressions, and the magnet that side electron beam static convergence is used is regulated in 15 expressions, 16 expression electron beams.
As mentioned above, the outer surface and the inner surface of panel panel 1 are made curved surface, for preventing reflection and charged, form one or more layers and contain SnO on the outer surface of panel panel 1 in case of necessity
2And InO
3Thin layer.In addition, the conductive film that deposit one deck is made up of graphite, titanium dioxide etc. on the inner surface of glass awl 9.
Here, magnetic screen 10 mainly plays the shielding earth magnetism.
According to above-mentioned, the invention provides so a kind of color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type, this ray tube function excellence, can make its panel panel flat, reduced mainly the lip-deep image distortion of being reflected to that curved surface because of peripheral part causes, also reduce the phenomenon that arches upward of shadow mask, thereby shown high-quality image.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type, comprise the screen live part and round the peripheral part of screen live part, and has the rectangle panel panel that characterizes by axis and minor axis, it is characterized in that, when described panel panel is that the curve form of outer surface is during with the three dimensions The Representation Equation at least, the long axis of rectangle panel panel as described in as the X-axis line being, the Y-axis line is the minor axis of described rectangle panel panel, the curve form Z on the then online and minor axis
XRoughly can be represented by the formula with Z:
Z
X=A
1X
2+A
2X
4+A
3X
6
Z
Y=A
4Y
2+A
5Y
4+A
6Y
6
And when the panel panel is the point (X=X of outer surface in the effective interface portion of screen at least
1, Y=Y
1) when the curve form Px that locates and Pr are obtained by following formula,
P
X=A
1X
2 1/(A
1X
2 1+A
2X
4 1+A
3X
6 1)
P
Y=A
4Y
2 1/(A
4Y
2 1+A
5Y
4 1+A
6Y
6 1)
Wherein the effective interface portion of this screen is the interface between described screen live part and the peripheral part, constant A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, A
5And A
6Should satisfy following formula:
0.5≤P
X(X=X1)≤0.9
0.6≤P
X(X=Y1)≤1.0
2, shadow mask colour resistance extreme ray pipe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the arc curvature of this two curved surface of curved surface of the curved surface of the effective interface portion of minor face screen and the effective interface portion of long side screen almost is equal to each other on the described panel panel outer surface, and when effective diagonal diameter of described panel panel is the V(inch) time, the radius of curvature R of described arc (millimeter), when effective diagonal diameter of described panel panel is the V(inch) time, satisfy following relationship:
2.0（42.5V+45.0）≤R≤4.0（42.5V+45.0）
3, color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type according to claim 2 is characterized in that, aperture mask curved surface is at the equation in its diagonal cross section, and the symbol of the second differential in the live part is constant at least at it.
4, color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type according to claim 2 is characterized in that, aperture mask curved surface is constant at the symbol of equation second differential in its peripheral scope in its diagonal cross section.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP189772/91 | 1991-07-30 | ||
| JP18977291 | 1991-07-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1070768A true CN1070768A (en) | 1993-04-07 |
| CN1047688C CN1047688C (en) | 1999-12-22 |
Family
ID=16246938
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN92109014A Expired - Fee Related CN1047688C (en) | 1991-07-30 | 1992-07-30 | Color cathode ray tube of shadow mask type |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR950012697B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1047688C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2680045B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1047869C (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1999-12-29 | 株式会社金星社 | Braun tube for a projection television receiver |
| CN1327474C (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2007-07-18 | Lg电子株式会社 | Falt shape CRT |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR970025199A (en) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-05-30 | 김광호 | Backlight Chassis in Liquid Crystal Display |
| KR100521040B1 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2005-10-12 | 주식회사 효성 | Manufacturing of polyester composite fiber diyeable differently. |
| KR100364695B1 (en) * | 2000-05-04 | 2003-02-06 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Anti-Explosion type Panel of Braun tube |
| KR200204497Y1 (en) * | 2000-06-24 | 2000-11-15 | 이원창 | one-touch type brake releasing system for train using an air pressure |
| KR102499138B1 (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2023-02-13 | 주유정 | Copolyester Resin Dyable with a Cationic Dye for Nonwoven Fabrics |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4839556A (en) * | 1983-02-25 | 1989-06-13 | Rca Licensing Corporation | Cathode-ray tube having an improved shadow mask contour |
| JP2609605B2 (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1997-05-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Shadow mask type color picture tube |
| FR2634945B1 (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1996-04-26 | Videocolor | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A HIGH DEFINITION COLOR TELEVISION TUBE AND HIGH DEFINITION TRICHROME TELEVISION TUBE |
| NL9000111A (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1991-08-16 | Philips Nv | CATHODE JET TUBE WITH CURVED IMAGE WINDOW AND COLOR IMAGE DISPLAY. |
-
1992
- 1992-07-28 FR FR9209300A patent/FR2680045B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-07-29 KR KR1019920013573A patent/KR950012697B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-30 CN CN92109014A patent/CN1047688C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1047869C (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1999-12-29 | 株式会社金星社 | Braun tube for a projection television receiver |
| CN1327474C (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2007-07-18 | Lg电子株式会社 | Falt shape CRT |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR950012697B1 (en) | 1995-10-20 |
| FR2680045A1 (en) | 1993-02-05 |
| CN1047688C (en) | 1999-12-22 |
| FR2680045B1 (en) | 1994-04-01 |
| KR930003220A (en) | 1993-02-24 |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C15 | Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993) | ||
| OR01 | Other related matters | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |