CN1070767A

CN1070767A - Thyratron

Info

Publication number: CN1070767A
Application number: CN 92109465
Authority: CN
Inventors: L·J·凯特尔
Original assignee: EEV Ltd
Current assignee: Teledyne UK Ltd
Priority date: 1991-08-13
Filing date: 1992-08-12
Publication date: 1993-04-07
Also published as: GB9117477D0; JPH05225913A; GB2258757A; EP0528605A1

Abstract

A kind of thyratron, wherein anode 4 and negative electrode 1 and the configuration of control grid 5 coaxial lines.In conduction period, between anode and negative electrode, form the discharge path of folding shape, the axial distance of the lap of discharge path is a.This structure reduces the inductance of thyratron, thereby has shortened switching time.

Description

Thyratron

The present invention relates to thyratron.

Thyratron is a kind of in order to switch the device of big electric current.Thyratron has a negative electrode and an anode, has a control grid between this two electrode at least, and each electrode all is contained in the pottery or glass shell that is filled with gas (being generally hydrogen).When using thyratron, in the time of current cut-off need being made when adding voltage between anode and the negative electrode, give in addition bias of single or multiple control grids, in case gas breakdown.When switching the electric current by device, control the current potential on each grid, make gas breakdown, between negative electrode and anode, form discharge path (also being conductive path).

The present invention aims to provide a kind of through improved thyratron.

According to the present invention, a kind of thyratron is provided, this thyratron has a negative electrode and one round axis and the anode of axial arrangement, a shield member is arranged between two electrodes, there is the discharge path of a folding shape to be formed between negative electrode and the anode when being designed so that the thyratron conducting, thereby makes the discharge path of part overlapping in the axial direction.

Use thyratron of the present invention,, thereby can switch quickly because the discharge path structure of its folding shape makes the inductance of path very little.It can also make impedance and circuit reach optimum Match.The symmetrical structure that forms by the coaxial line configuration mode especially can make inductance reduce, and also makes the compact conformation of whole device simultaneously.

Lap can only account for the less part of whole discharge path, can reduce inductance yet increase lap.

Thyratron of the present invention can also conduct the current impulse with long duration.When common thyratron conducting, gas molecule trends towards moving to the anode tap of thyratron, and this may cause checking before end-of-pulsing by the electric current of thyratron.

The discharge path of the folding shape of the present invention helps gas molecule and circulates repeatedly by thyratron, thereby has lowered the risk of checking.Gas molecule will be advanced along the direction of discharge path, and by the many small perforations or other aperture that are provided with, gas molecule just can continue following this direction by anode, thereby is directed getting back to the cathodic region.

The folding angle of discharge path preferably is about 180 °.Like this, at the folding region electric current just fully oppositely, thereby inductance is reduced.If yet exist certain overlappingly in the axial direction, the folding angle of discharge path also can reduce inductance during less than 180 ° effectively.

To produce blockage effect (pinch effect) in big current conditions, at this moment, the magnetic field that is associated with electric current can be drawn together charge carrier, thereby has limited the conductive capability of device.The discharge path of folding shape (especially when discharge path is got the form of thin layer conduction) has trended towards the effect of this blockage effect of antagonism, thereby increases the electric current by thyratron.

Use the present invention and can be arranged on the hermetic enclosure outside to one or more control gate surface of thyratron, or make it can be approaching from the thyratron outside.Like this, the cooling of one or more grid just can realize all over whole outer surface by making gas or flow of liquid.

In one embodiment of the invention, a control grid is set between anode and negative electrode, it is spaced a distance with anode and negative electrode on longitudinal axis, and its surface is substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axis.Grid can comprise a disk along the configuration of device axis, and comprises an element around the disk configuration, thereby makes the annular fenestra of formation between disk and this element.First grid in the common thyratron has a plurality of grooves that disc separated that are each other usually, for the usefulness of the inner disc that supports grid.In this embodiment of the present invention, owing to need not to support each pillar, described annular fenestra can be made into the complete ring round spider.Like this, under the situation that disk size and fenestra width are determined, can obtain bigger fenestra area, can under the situation that the other parts that are not subjected to grid structure are disturbed, make simultaneously and pass through the groove homogeneous conductive.

In an advantageous embodiments of the present invention, anode itself can be the part of hermetic enclosure, thereby is convenient to the anode cooling, and perhaps some part of anode extends to shell, thereby is convenient to cooling.

The present invention can be applicable to the thyratron of other form.For example, thyratron can adopt a hollow anode, and electric current can two-wayly be conducted, and perhaps can manufacture two ends to thyratron respectively has a cylindrical cathode, and anode is between two negative electrodes.In another kind of double-end type thyratron, two electrodes both can be used as anode respectively and also can be used as anode, were decided by the thyratron sense of current of flowing through fully.Each electrode for example can contain the thermion material, and is attaching the heating element of using as negative electrode, has a suitable surface of using as anode simultaneously.

Referring now to accompanying drawing, realization certain methods of the present invention is described by way of example.

In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1,2,3,4 and 5 has schematically expressed the longitudinal sectional view of variant thyratron of the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 1.Thyratron of the present invention comprises negative electrode 1, and heat shield piece 2 is round negative electrode 1, and the forward of negative electrode 1 surface 3(is as shown in the figure) up, electronics promptly emits from surface 3 at the thyratron duration of work.Thyratron also comprises a hollow tubular anode 4, around the longitudinal axis X-X of thyratron and coaxial line be configured in negative electrode 1 around.The axial length of anode 4 is bigger than negative electrode 1, spatially common with it extension.Single control grid 5 has the surface 3 of the mid portion 6 of a dish type towards the emitting electrons of negative electrode 1, and is substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axis X-X.Grid 5 also has a upwardly extending wall 7, and forms the part of thyratron hermetic enclosure together with tubular ceramic wall 8 and end plate 9.With being connected of grid 5 through going between 10 and realize.Cooling fluid can be flowed through the outer surface of grid 5.

Tubular baffle plate 11 inserts the position between heat shield pieces 2 and the anode 4, and it remains on cathode potential at thyratron duty cycle chien shih.

Duration of work adds bias through lead-in wire 10 toward grids 5, thereby makes between negative electrode 1 and the anode 4 when adding voltage, and gas is not breakdown, thereby not conducting of thyratron.In the time will triggering thyratron and make its conducting, on grid 5, add trigger impulse, make gas breakdown, thereby between negative electrode 1 and anode 4, form discharge path.

Thyratron of the present invention has such structure: folding 180 ° of discharge path is the lap of a thereby form axial length, as shown in phantom in FIG..

Thyratron is at cathode anchor place perforation 12.In conduction period, gas circulates in thyratron, promptly 4 is following conductive path and advances from negative electrode 1 to anode, turns back to the cathodic region by eyelet 12 then, makes thyratron continue conducting during adding the whole pulse persistance of current impulse.

Referring to Fig. 2, this is the similar another kind of thyratron of the present invention and top Fig. 1.This thyratron has two

control grids

13 and 14, to strengthen the control to conducting process, is added to the current potential of respectively controlling grid and controls by the mode of common thyratron.Discharge path between negative electrode 17 and the anode 15 dots.Anode has a prolongation 16 radially to stretch out, and cooling agent can be flowed through on its outer surface.Be connected with anode 15 and get quite closely each other with the joint arrangement that is connected with negative electrode 17, spacing distance is b.This configuration mode makes inductance little, helps impedance and circuit is complementary.

Referring to Fig. 3, the thyratron of the folding discharge path of another kind of tool has a hollow anode 18, and the inside is filled with the gas 19 of a constant volume.Thyratron conduction period, in the gas of this volume, form plasma.If add reverse voltage toward the thyratron two ends instantaneously, thyratron reverse-conducting then, thus reduce or eliminate the destruction on the antianode surface that may cause when not adding reverse voltage.

Referring to Fig. 4, the two ends of thyratron of the present invention have between two cylindrical cathodes 20 and 21, two negative electrodes and dispose anode 22.This thyratron is the tubular construction of coaxial line, and each negative electrode 20 and 21 and anode 22 between each discharge path of forming all comprise the part of self reflexed, thereby the inductance of thyratron is reduced.

Referring to Fig. 5, the configuration of the anode 23 of another kind of thyratron and negative electrode 24 coaxial lines, two electrodes have a tubular baffle plate 25 with controlling between the grid 26.The anode 23 of this thyratron is placed among the hollow cathode 24, and baffle plate 25 also plays heat-shield of a cathode spare.

Claims

1, a kind of thyratron, comprise a negative electrode and an anode, it is characterized in that, negative electrode and anode center on an axis and coaxial configuration, dispose a shielding part between two electrodes, between negative electrode and anode, form the discharge path of folding shape when making the thyratron conducting, thereby make the discharge path of part overlapping in the axial direction.

2, thyratron as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, anode is tubular, and is configured in the negative electrode outside.

3, thyratron as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, negative electrode is tubular, and is configured in the anode outside.

As claim 1,2 or 3 described thyratrons, it is characterized in that 4, the discharge path of part is overlapping on the direction perpendicular to the cathode electronics emitting surface.

5, as claim 1,2 or 3 described thyratrons, it is characterized in that folding about 180 ° of discharge path.

As claim 1,2 or 3 described thyratrons, it is characterized in that 6, it comprises a control grid, this control grid has a plane surface that is arranged essentially parallel to the electron emitting surface of negative electrode.

As claim 1,2 or 3 described thyratrons, it is characterized in that 7, it comprises a control grid, this control grid has a surface to be in outside the thyratron hermetic enclosure.

8, as claim 1,2 or 3 described thyratrons, it is characterized in that, the gas of a constant volume is housed in the anode,, in the gas of this constant volume, form plasma at the thyratron duration of work.

As claim 1,2 or 3 described thyratrons, it is characterized in that 9, a surface of anode is in outside the thyratron.

10, as claim 1,2 or 3 described thyratrons, it is characterized in that it comprises second negative electrode, this second negative electrode and the configuration of anode coaxial line, have the discharge path of folding shape between second negative electrode and the anode, thereby it is overlapping to make that this discharge path forms in the axial direction.

11, as claim 1,2 or 3 described thyratrons, it is characterized in that thyratron has electrode suppor, this electrode suppor has the eyelet of supplied gas circulation.