CN107071310B - Method for carrying out overlength Change of integral time to ccd image sensor - Google Patents
Method for carrying out overlength Change of integral time to ccd image sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107071310B CN107071310B CN201710329660.8A CN201710329660A CN107071310B CN 107071310 B CN107071310 B CN 107071310B CN 201710329660 A CN201710329660 A CN 201710329660A CN 107071310 B CN107071310 B CN 107071310B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
- H04N25/53—Control of the integration time
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for carrying out overlength Change of integral time to ccd image sensor, related hardware includes full frame transfer CCD, control circuit, signal processing circuit, image collecting device, shutter and host computer；The described method includes: in exposure process, the photosensitive pixel of full frame transfer CCD only carries out light integration operation, not outside read output signal by the shutter control time for exposure, meanwhile, internal dark signal is continued to read outward by horizontal transfer area；After end exposure, photosensitive pixel reads the signal that feedback is accumulated outward within a frame period, to form the complete image of a frame；The method have the benefit that: a kind of method for carrying out overlength Change of integral time to ccd image sensor is proposed, after adopting this method, full frame transfer CCD is allowed to carry out the light integration operation of the overlength time of integration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ccd image sensor control technology, more particularly to it is a kind of for ccd image sensor into
The method of row overlength Change of integral time.
Background technique
In astronomical observation, since the brightness of certain celestial bodies is darker, be difficult directly to be observed it, thus can only at
After celestial body region is imaged as means, these celestial bodies are observed by image, and in imaging, imaging device is needed
Prolonged exposing operation is carried out, is otherwise just difficult to present product to enough optical signals.
Compared to other imaging techniques, ccd image sensor is most widely used at present because it has many advantages
Still when ccd image sensor being used for the darker celestial body of brightness being imaged, but there is following problem in one of imaging technique:
Currently, most of times of integration using CCD as the camera of imaging means are generally lower than 1 second, the time of integration is super
1 second, commonly referred to as long-time integration are crossed, ccd image sensor is being made into long-time integration in application, its time of integration is general
It is not more than 10 seconds, and in astronomical observation field, it is sometimes desirable to which the exposing operation for carrying out the long period could present product to being enough
So that celestial body is shown optical signal (generally using film camera realize) on the image, in the prior art, rarely has and sense ccd image
Device makees the case where overlength time of integration (i.e. the time of integration is greater than 10 seconds) application, and difficult point therein mainly has following two points, first,
Ability after the picture signal of ccd image sensor output need to be acquired by image collecting device (such as common image pick-up card)
It is handled by host computer, needs to carry out frame synchronization differentiation in collection process, between image collecting device and ccd image sensor
Operation, frame synchronization differentiate in operating process that the counter built in image collecting device needs to pass ccd image by counting mode
The output signal of sensor carries out frame synchronization and differentiates operation, and the counting duration of current image collecting device at most can only also adapt to
The time span of long-time integration operation, a kind of simple thinking are to adjust the time of integration of ccd image sensor to overlength
The time of integration, while also adjusting the counting duration of image collecting device to corresponding time span, still, since overlength integrates
The time span of time is especially big, carries out so prolonged frame synchronization and differentiates that operation will lead to counter and a large amount of count occurs
Redundancy, second, there are dark signals in ccd image sensor integral process, after the integration operation of the overlength time of integration, in
Portion can accumulate a large amount of dark signal, annihilated so as to cause useful signal, imaging failure.
Summary of the invention
For the problems in background technique, the invention proposes one kind for carrying out overlength integral to ccd image sensor
The method of time control, related hardware include full frame transfer CCD, control circuit, signal processing circuit, image collector
It sets, shutter and host computer；The full frame transfer CCD includes multiple photosensitive pixels, vertical transition range and horizontal transfer area；It is described to hang down
Signal in each photosensitive pixel can be read out to horizontal transfer area by straight transition range；The horizontal transfer area can read out to signal
Signal processing circuit；The signal processing circuit can carry out signal to handle and processing result is transmitted to image collecting device,
Collected signal can be transmitted to host computer by described image acquisition device；The shutter be used for control photosensitive pixel it is photosensitive when
Between；The control circuit is used to control the movement of vertical transition range, horizontal transfer area, signal processing circuit and shutter；It is innovated
It is: the described method includes:
With n seconds for the frame period, n is less than or equal to 10；When horizontal transfer area and signal processing circuit work, the frame is pressed
Period continuous work；
When vertical transition range does not work, invalid signals, signal processing circuit pair are denoted as by the signal that horizontal transfer area is read
The signal that invalid signals obtain after being handled is denoted as invalid frame signal；
When vertical transition range work, the signal for reading out to horizontal transfer area from vertical transition range is denoted as useful signal；Signal
The signal that processing circuit obtains after handling useful signal is denoted as effective frame signal；
Signal processing circuit also exports an image to image collecting device simultaneously when to image collecting device output signal
Auxiliary data, when the state of image auxiliary data is effective, the signal identification received is valid frame letter by image collecting device
Number, when the state of image auxiliary data is invalid, the signal identification received is invalid frame signal by image collecting device；
For effective frame signal, processing result is transmitted to upper by image collecting device after handling effective frame signal
Machine；For invalid frame signal, image collecting device directly gives up processing result after handling invalid frame signal；
When shutter close, photosensitive pixel is idle；When shutter opening, photosensitive pixel carries out light integration operation；Single light integral
The duration of operation is denoted as the time of integration, and the time span of the single time of integration is the integral multiple in the frame period；
After receiving imaging commands, 1) control circuit control shutter opening, meanwhile, control circuit controlled level transition range and letter
Number processing circuit is started to work, meanwhile, control circuit controls signal processing circuit and sets nothing for corresponding image auxiliary data
Effect state, meanwhile, control circuit controls vertical transition range and does not work；
2) when the shutter opening time reaching the duration of single light integration operation, control circuit controls shutter close, then,
Control circuit controls vertical transition range and starts to work；When useful signal is transmitted to signal processing circuit, control circuit control letter
Corresponding image auxiliary data is set effective status by number processing circuit；
3) after the operating time of vertical transition range reaches the time span in a frame period, control circuit control is vertical to be turned
Area is moved to stop working；After effective frame signal is all disposed and is transmitted to host computer by image collecting device, control circuit
It controls signal processing circuit and sets invalid state for corresponding image auxiliary data；Then, control circuit controls shutter again
It opens, return step 2).
The principle of aforementioned schemes is: based on full frame transfer CCD working principle it is found that full frame transfer CCD work normally when,
In light integral process, extraneous light is radiated on photosensitive pixel to form photogenerated charge, after light integrates, first passes through vertical
Photogenerated charge in photosensitive pixel is read out to horizontal transfer area by straight transition range, and signal is then read out to letter by horizontal transfer area
Number processing circuit (being further typically provided with amplifier between horizontal transfer area and signal processing circuit), signal processing circuit output
Signal is by image acquisition device to host computer；
The signal as read-out by vertical transition range arises directly from photosensitive pixel, in order to realize that photogenerated charge is presented for a long time
Long-pending purpose, the present invention control vertical transition range during light integrates and do not work, only frame after light integrates
The vertical transition range work of control in period, this allows for photosensitive pixel can carry out the feedback product of ultra-long time, feedback to photogenerated charge
The photogenerated charge accumulated can only be read in frame period after light integration operation, meanwhile, in order to solve dark signal
The problem of bulk deposition, the present invention controlled level transition range and signal processing circuit during light integrates continue working, water
The working method of flat transition range and signal processing circuit is identical as normal working practices in the prior art, due to light integral process
In vertical transition range do not work, the signal read by horizontal transfer area is only the dark signal resulted from horizontal transfer area, light product
Although dark signal is being constantly be generated during point, since horizontal transfer area is also read constantly outward, this can have
Effect avoids dark signal bulk deposition in ccd image sensor, so as to improve final picture quality；About image collector
It sets, cleverly mode solves the Problem of Frame Synchronization of itself and full frame transfer CCD and counts superfluous present invention employs a kind of very
Remaining problem: image collecting device of the invention need to only use common image collecting device, due in light integral process, water
Flat transition range and signal processing circuit are continued working in routinely working method, and therefore, image collecting device can also continue to receive
The signal exported to signal processing circuit, image collecting device only need to carry out frame synchronization with ccd image sensor in the usual way
Differentiate operation, this just effectively avoids counting redundancy issue described in background technology, for adopting in light integral process
The signal collected has no imaging value, therefore directly by it since these signals are all the dark signals inside full frame transfer CCD
Give up, without being transmitted to host computer, only after vertical transition range is started to work and generates corresponding effectively frame signal, figure
As collected signal is just transmitted to host computer by acquisition device and carries out imaging, when specific operation, image collecting device
According to signal processing circuit output image auxiliary data state come identify which be effective frame signal, which be invalid frame letter
Number.It is not difficult to find out by the analysis of front, the present invention only need to shift CCD using conventional full frame and image collecting device can be real
It applies, the technical difficulty of realization is lower, meanwhile, but also full frame transfer CCD can be applied in astronomical observation grow celestial body
Time staring imaging is used in each side of the imaging device of astronomical observation in addition, benefiting from many advantages of full frame transfer CCD
Face performance also available rapid progress.
For the specific driver' s timing of full frame transfer CCD, although not describing in detail herein, in view of timing Design is
The basic skills of those skilled in the art, and in view of related hardware is many kinds of, is difficult to exhaustion, clearly illustrated herein
Invention thinking and under conditions of the concrete types of various hardware has been determined, those skilled in the art rely on basic skills, answer
This can implement of the invention.
The method have the benefit that: it proposes a kind of for carrying out the overlength time of integration to ccd image sensor
The method of control allows full frame transfer CCD to carry out the light integration operation of the overlength time of integration after adopting this method.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1, the principle of the present invention schematic diagram；
Title corresponding to each label is respectively as follows: photosensitive area 1, the vertical transition range being made of multiple light-sensitive image members in figure
2, horizontal transfer area 3, signal processing circuit 4, shutter 5, control circuit 6, image collecting device 7, host computer 8.
Specific embodiment
A method of for carrying out overlength Change of integral time to ccd image sensor, related hardware includes complete
Frame transfer CCD, control circuit, signal processing circuit, image collecting device, shutter and host computer；The full frame shifts CCD
Multiple photosensitive pixels, vertical transition range and horizontal transfer area；The vertical transition range can read the signal in each photosensitive pixel
Out to horizontal transfer area；Signal can be read out to signal processing circuit by the horizontal transfer area；The signal processing circuit can be right
Signal handle and processing result is transmitted to image collecting device, and described image acquisition device can pass collected signal
Transport to host computer；The shutter is used to control the sensitive time of photosensitive pixel；The control circuit for control vertical transition range,
The movement in horizontal transfer area, signal processing circuit and shutter；Its innovation is: the described method includes:
With n seconds for the frame period, n is less than or equal to 10；When horizontal transfer area and signal processing circuit work, the frame is pressed
Period continuous work；
When vertical transition range does not work, invalid signals, signal processing circuit pair are denoted as by the signal that horizontal transfer area is read
The signal that invalid signals obtain after being handled is denoted as invalid frame signal；
When vertical transition range work, the signal for reading out to horizontal transfer area from vertical transition range is denoted as useful signal；Signal
The signal that processing circuit obtains after handling useful signal is denoted as effective frame signal；
Signal processing circuit also exports an image to image collecting device simultaneously when to image collecting device output signal
Auxiliary data, when the state of image auxiliary data is effective, the signal identification received is valid frame letter by image collecting device
Number, when the state of image auxiliary data is invalid, the signal identification received is invalid frame signal by image collecting device；
For effective frame signal, processing result is transmitted to upper by image collecting device after handling effective frame signal
Machine；For invalid frame signal, image collecting device directly gives up processing result after handling invalid frame signal；
When shutter close, photosensitive pixel is idle；When shutter opening, photosensitive pixel carries out light integration operation；Single light integral
The duration of operation is denoted as the time of integration, and the time span of the single time of integration is the integral multiple in the frame period；
After receiving imaging commands, 1) control circuit control shutter opening, meanwhile, control circuit controlled level transition range and letter
Number processing circuit is started to work, meanwhile, control circuit controls signal processing circuit and sets nothing for corresponding image auxiliary data
Effect state, meanwhile, control circuit controls vertical transition range and does not work；
2) when the shutter opening time reaching the duration of single light integration operation, control circuit controls shutter close, then,
Control circuit controls vertical transition range and starts to work；When useful signal is transmitted to signal processing circuit, control circuit control letter
Corresponding image auxiliary data is set effective status by number processing circuit；
3) after the operating time of vertical transition range reaches the time span in a frame period, control circuit control is vertical to be turned
Area is moved to stop working；After effective frame signal is all disposed and is transmitted to host computer by image collecting device, control circuit
It controls signal processing circuit and sets invalid state for corresponding image auxiliary data；Then, control circuit controls shutter again
It opens, return step 2).
When the specific implementation present invention, the time span of the single time of integration can be adjusted according to application demand, for example, will
When the present invention is imaged for astronomical observation described in background technology, the time span of the single time of integration be may be configured as 2 hours
Or 2 hours or more.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for carrying out overlength Change of integral time to ccd image sensor, related hardware includes full frame
Shift CCD, control circuit, signal processing circuit, image collecting device, shutter and host computer；The full frame transfer CCD includes more
A photosensitive pixel, vertical transition range and horizontal transfer area；The vertical transition range can read the signal in each photosensitive pixel
To horizontal transfer area；Signal can be read out to signal processing circuit by the horizontal transfer area；The signal processing circuit can be to letter
It number carries out handling and processing result is transmitted to image collecting device, described image acquisition device can transmit collected signal
To host computer；The shutter is used to control the sensitive time of photosensitive pixel；The control circuit is for controlling vertical transition range, water
The movement of flat transition range, signal processing circuit and shutter；It is characterized by: the described method includes:
With n seconds for the frame period, n is less than or equal to 10；When horizontal transfer area and signal processing circuit work, the frame period is pressed
Continuous work；
When vertical transition range does not work, invalid signals are denoted as by the signal that horizontal transfer area is read, signal processing circuit is to invalid
The signal that signal obtains after being handled is denoted as invalid frame signal；
When vertical transition range work, the signal for reading out to horizontal transfer area from vertical transition range is denoted as useful signal；Signal processing
The signal that circuit obtains after handling useful signal is denoted as effective frame signal；
Signal processing circuit also exports a visual aids to image collecting device simultaneously when to image collecting device output signal
Data, when the state of image auxiliary data is effective, the signal identification received is effective frame signal by image collecting device, when
When the state of image auxiliary data is invalid, the signal identification received is invalid frame signal by image collecting device；
For effective frame signal, processing result is transmitted to host computer after handling effective frame signal by image collecting device；
For invalid frame signal, image collecting device directly gives up processing result after handling invalid frame signal；
When shutter close, photosensitive pixel is idle；When shutter opening, photosensitive pixel carries out light integration operation；Single light integration operation
Duration be denoted as the time of integration, the time span of the single time of integration is the integral multiple in the frame period；
After receiving imaging commands, 1) control circuit control shutter opening, meanwhile, at control circuit controlled level transition range and signal
Circuit is managed to start to work, meanwhile, control circuit controls signal processing circuit and sets invalid shape for corresponding image auxiliary data
State, meanwhile, control circuit controls vertical transition range and does not work；
2) when the shutter opening time reaching the duration of single light integration operation, control circuit controls shutter close, then, control
The vertical transition range of circuit control is started to work；When useful signal is transmitted to signal processing circuit, control circuit is controlled at signal
It manages circuit and sets effective status for corresponding image auxiliary data；
3) after the operating time of vertical transition range reaches the time span in a frame period, control circuit controls vertical transition range
It stops working；After effective frame signal is all disposed and is transmitted to host computer by image collecting device, control circuit control
Corresponding image auxiliary data is set invalid state by signal processing circuit；Then, control circuit control shutter reopens,
Return step 2).
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| CN108174116B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-11-15 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | A kind of CCD time for exposure control method |
| CN109889742B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2021-05-14 | 湖北三江航天万峰科技发展有限公司 | Linear array CCD light integral time self-adaptive adjusting system |
| CN115002365B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2024-04-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | CCD hyperspectral imaging ultra-high dynamic cyclic exposure control method and system |
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| CN102456698A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-16 | 索尼公司 | Solid-state imaging device manufacturing method of solid-state imaging device, and electronic apparatus |
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| JP2008252791A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-16 | Fujifilm Corp | Driving method of ccd type solid-state imaging device, and imaging device |
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| CN102456698A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-16 | 索尼公司 | Solid-state imaging device manufacturing method of solid-state imaging device, and electronic apparatus |
| CN106454167A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-02-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | CCD (Charge Coupled Device) on-chip readout circuit and control method thereof |
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