CN107070603B - Space-time block code system signal method of sending and receiving - Google Patents
Space-time block code system signal method of sending and receiving Download PDFInfo
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- CN107070603B CN107070603B CN201710292469.0A CN201710292469A CN107070603B CN 107070603 B CN107070603 B CN 107070603B CN 201710292469 A CN201710292469 A CN 201710292469A CN 107070603 B CN107070603 B CN 107070603B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
- H04L1/0052—Realisations of complexity reduction techniques, e.g. pipelining or use of look-up tables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
- H04L1/0054—Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding, e.g. Viterbi, Fano, ZJ algorithms
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Abstract
The invention belongs to fields of communication technology, more particularly to space-time block code system signal method of sending and receiving.The present invention is in order to solve the problems, such as that traditional STBC system based on Channel Detection needs long pilot tone to carry out channel estimation, the solution of the present invention directly carries out cluster to reception signal and carries out classification mark (Labeling) using label symbol (Labelled Symbols), and then recovers transmission symbol.The beneficial effects of the present invention are relative to traditional technology, method of the invention does not need channel estimation, and realizes MLD with lower complexity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fields of communication technology, more particularly to the space-time block code system signal side of sending and receiving
Method.
Background technique
STBC (Space-time Block Coding, space-time block code) is a kind of more transmission antennas raisings of utilization
The multiaerial system of data transmission credibility.STBC and its mutation technology have been widely used for wireless communication system, such as WiFi,
LTE etc..Traditional STBC system needs that receiving end is made to carry out channel by transmitting terminal pilot signal transmitted (Pilot Symbols)
Estimation, so that receiver, which can use the Maximum Likelihood Detection (MLD) that channel information is decoupled, recovers transmission symbol.
Due to the presence of noise, channel information could be accurately only estimated using longer pilot signal.However it is even if complete
All-knowingness channel information, the complexity for carrying out ML detection are also high.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention proposes a kind of sky for not needing to carry out channel estimation in receiving end aiming at the above problem
Time block code system signal method of sending and receiving.
Technical scheme is as follows:
Space-time block code system signal method of sending and receiving, it is characterised in that:
In transmitting terminal: transmitter is inserted into M label symbol, M is possible modulation symbol group before sending data information
The number of conjunction, that is, the possible total class number of the symbolic vector sent, M is natural number, the content of the label symbol be receiving end
Know；
In receiving end: carrying out cluster by clustering algorithm to all signals received in a period and form M classification, lead to
Cross each classification of label symbol corresponding receptions signal mark obtained, according to cluster result and label symbol to data-signal into
Row judgement restores to send symbol.
The total technical solution of the present invention needs long pilot tone to carry out to solve traditional STBC system based on Channel Detection
The problem of channel estimation, the solution of the present invention directly cluster to reception signal and utilize label symbol (Labelled
Symbols classification mark (Labeling)) is carried out, and then recovers transmission symbol.
The invention also provides another STBC system signal methods of sending and receiving, which is characterized in that
In transmitting terminal: transmitter is inserted into N before sending data informationt< M irrelevant label symbols, the mark
The content for remembering symbol is known to receiving end；
In receiving end: the N sent using transmitting terminaltThe corresponding reception signal of a irrelevant label symbol vector passes through
The mode of linear combination reconstructs the label matrix of M label symbol composition, to the data-signal and mark received in a period
Note matrix carries out cluster by clustering algorithm and forms M classification, marks each classification by reconstructing obtained label symbol matrix
Corresponding transmission symbol, according to cluster result and label symbol logm it is believed that number making decisions recovery sends symbol；
The N sent with transmitting terminaltA irrelevant label symbol vector reconstruction goes out to mark the specific method of matrix
Are as follows:
If the label matrix that M label symbol is formed are as follows:
Its order is Nt, therefore only need to send NtA orthogonal label symbolIt is i.e. restructural
Complete label matrix, i.e. L=LsA, wherein AijIt indicates to rebuild label symbol liWhen lsjWeight coefficient.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are, relative to traditional technology, method of the invention does not need channel estimation, and with compared with
Low complex degree realizes MLD.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows symbol detection method one proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 2 shows symbol detection methods two proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 3 shows traditional pilot design method；
Fig. 4 shows label symbol design method one of the present invention；
Fig. 5 shows the mask method one after receiving signal cluster；
Fig. 6 shows label symbol design method two of the present invention；
Fig. 7 shows label symbol design method three of the present invention；
Fig. 8 shows clustering algorithm process of the invention；
Fig. 9 shows multi-angle of view clustering algorithm process proposed by the present invention；
Figure 10 shows the performance comparison of method and conventional method proposed by the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the technical schemes of the invention are described in detail.
Assuming that channel remains unchanged whithin a period of time, the signal which sends passes through phase on every receiving antenna
Same channel.Since noise obeys CSCG distribution so that it is known send symbol under conditions of, the letter that receives on receiving antenna
Number obey multidimensional CSCG distribution.Consider all signals received in the short time, gauss hybrid models is obeyed, by reception
The gauss hybrid models that signal is formed, which carry out cluster, can cluster the corresponding reception signal of the same transmitting symbol to same
Classification.The corresponding transmission symbol of each classification is indicated using the corresponding relationship between mark information and cluster classification, and then is docked
The collection of letters number is adjudicated to recover its corresponding transmission symbol.
By taking Alamouti coded system as an example, two transmission antenna every two time slots send the symbol being made of two symbols
Group.To send nth symbol group, two antennas send [s in first time slot1(n),s2(n)]T, wherein si(n), i=1,2 points
It is not some symbol modulated on obtained planisphere.Two antennas are sent in second time slotIt enables
Channel is h=[h11,h21], then it receives signal and is expressed as
Wherein ui(n), i=1,2 be the noise for obeying Cyclic Symmetry multiple Gauss (CSCG) distribution, i.e., ui(n) mutually indepedent with s (n).It enables
Then (1) may be expressed as:
Y (n)=Hs (n)+u (n) (3)
The MLD of Alamouti coded system may be expressed as:
I.e.
Assuming that channel remains unchanged whithin a period of time, the signal which sends passes through phase on every receiving antenna
Same channel.Enable CkIndicate that sending symbol is the combination of kth kind modulation condition, it is shared to send signal for a shared M kind combinations of states
M kind classification, since noise obeys CSCG distribution, so that given
Under conditions of, the signal y that is received on receiving antenna in first time slot1(n) obeying mean value is hCk, variance σ2CSCG point
Cloth, i.e.,The signal y that receiving antenna known to similarly is received in second time slot2(n) obeying mean value is h
C′k, variance σ2CSCG distribution, i.e.,
So the distribution for all set of symbols that the period inner receiver receives meets
Wherein πkIt is each CkThe probability of appearance.By taking QPSK is modulated as an example, Ck=[a+jb, p+jq]T, a={ ± 1 }, b
={ ± 1 }, p={ ± 1 }, q={ ± 1 }, therefore M=42.From (6) can from obtain the reception signal y of either each time sloti
(n) or the reception signal y (n) of each set of symbols is by M Gaussian Profile into the gauss hybrid models being grouped as
(Gaussian Mixture Model, GMM).
Therefore method of the invention can be by the corresponding reception of the same transmitting symbol by clustering to reception signal
Signal cluster can be recovered using the corresponding relationship between label symbol and cluster classification to the same classification and receive signal pair
The transmitting symbol answered.
As shown in Figure 1, being symbol detection method one proposed by the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:
1. all signal y (n) received in a pair period carry out cluster and form M classification；
2. marking the corresponding transmission symbol of each classification by the corresponding reception signal of label symbol that transmitting terminal is sent；
3. being made decisions data-signal to extensive by the result and classification of cluster and the corresponding relationship of transmission symbol
It appears again corresponding transmission symbol.
With Alamouti coded system, for QPSK modulation, transmitter is inserted into M=4 before sending data information2It is a
Label symbol, each label symbol are a kind of possible transmission symbol combinations, for example, as sent respectively on two antennas
1+j and 1+j, then after cluster, the corresponding reception signal of the symbol can be with label symbol [1+j, 1+j]TIn same
In classification, and then the reception signal can be made decisions.
As shown in Fig. 2, being symbol detection method proposed by the present invention two of the invention, the specific steps are as follows:
1. the N sent using transmitting terminaltA irrelevant label symbol vector reconstructs M label using linear combination
The label matrix (Label Matrix) of symbol composition
2. the data-signal and label matrix that receive in a pair period carry out cluster and form M classification,
3. the corresponding transmission symbol of each classification is marked by the label symbol matrix that reconstruct obtains,
4. being made decisions data-signal to extensive by the result and classification of cluster and the corresponding relationship of transmission symbol
It appears again corresponding transmission symbol.
With Alamouti coded system, for QPSK modulation, M label symbol forms label matrix L=[l1,
l2,...,lM]∈C2×M, order (Rank) is 2, therefore only needs to send 2 irrelevant label symbol Ls=[ls1,l's1]∈
C2×2I.e. restructural complete label matrix, i.e. L=LsA, wherein AijIndicate reconstruct label symbol liWhen lsjWeight coefficient.
Although corresponding reception signal y (n) of each group of transmission symbol is to be composed the signal received in two time slots, for every
A pair sends symbol [s1,s2]T, the label matrix that the signal and its reconstruct received by first time slot obtains can recover
The signal that two time slots are sent, therefore need to only send 2 irrelevant label symbols.
The present invention is it is further proposed that a kind of label design method with error correcting capability.This method is sent out in each period
V repetition for sending Nt label symbol, before label is rebuild, identical label symbol vector is averaged dry to reduce noise
It disturbs.
The present invention is illustrated by taking expectation maximization (EM) algorithm in gauss hybrid models clustering method as an example based on cluster
Symbol detection system main thought.At the same time, the present invention is with modulation symbol equiprobability and noise variance invariance
Example explanation carrys out the main thought of acceleration detection algorithm using the inherent feature of communication system as priori.
Receive the likelihood function of signal are as follows:
Wherein ψ=[{ π1,θ1},{π2,θ2},...,{πM,θM}],θk={ μk,Σk, because of communication system modulation symbol etc.
Probability, and the noise covariance matrix of more antennas is identical, so there is Ψ=[{ π0,θ1},{π0,θ2},…,{π0,θM}],θk=
{μk,Σ0},π0=1/M.Because each data point y (n) necessarily belongs to some gauss component, therefore introduces hidden variable zn∈{0,1}M,Wherein znkIt is znElement m, i.e. znOnly one element is 1, remaining is 0.Receive the connection of signal and hidden variable
Close the expectation of distribution are as follows:
Assuming that known Gaussian Mixture distribution parameter Ψ in the case where, y (n)=CkPosterior probability are as follows:
Assuming that known γnkIn the case where, it is available by the way that (8) about mean value and covariance matrix derivation and are taken 0
More new formula:
With
By iterative formula (9) and formula (10) (11), the parameter of Gaussian Mixture distribution can be acquired, and be used for subsequent point
Class.If the noise for further contemplating different time-gap is mutually indepedent, i.e., noise covariance matrix is diagonal matrix σ2I, association side
The more new formula of poor matrix is writeable are as follows:Using this, more new formula can be significantly
Improve calculating speed.
Present invention further propose that a kind of STBC system coding/decoding method based on hierarchical clustering.It is encoded with Alamouti and is
System, for QPSK modulation, receiving signal will form 16 classifications altogether, and first clustering to all signals received is 4 major class,
Each classification is clustered respectively again.This method can significantly promote decoding speed.
Present invention further propose that a kind of cluster (Co-regularized Multi-view based on common constraint multi-angle of view
Clustering STBC) decodes system.By taking Alamouti coded system as an example, when two corresponding due to the same set of symbols
The reception signal y of gap1(n) and y2(n) corresponding transmitting symbol clusters the signal that two time slots receive in the period respectively,
It clusters obtained result and should reach unanimity, and by taking the GMM that EM is calculated as an example, approximation is answered in (9) being calculated.One is enabled to share
L time slot, when clustering for r-th of time slot, (7) are equivalent to minimize following formula:
WhereinurnkThe γ that equal to r-th time slot is calculatednk.Under
The calculated result that formula constrains each time slot is approximate:
It enablesIt can further obtain and all time slots are carried out clustering simultaneously to be equivalent to down
Formula:
Update rule can be acquired by derivation are as follows:
With
Fig. 3 shows traditional pilot design method, and wherein grey is the antenna for sending 0, and black is the antenna for sending 1, often
Root antenna is sent one time 1, needs to send N altogethertA symbol.Since single pilot tone variance affected by noise is very big, need to repeat to send out
Send multiple pilot tone that could accurately estimate.
Fig. 4 shows a kind of label symbol design method of the invention.This method is inserted into M before sending data symbol
A label symbol, each label symbol vector are a kind of possible transmission symbolic vectors.With 2 × 2 aerial arrays, QPSK is modulated to
Example, one shares 42In possible transmission symbolic vector.With the data symbol of transmission for [1+j, 1+j]TFor, due to data symbol
Identical with the channel that label symbol is passed through within this time, all transmission symbols are [1+j, 1+j]TData symbol and label
Symbol [1+j, 1+j]TThe same classification can be clustered.Cluster classification is set up by label symbol and is sent between symbol
Relationship, then the data-signal of all categories is all adjudicated into transmission symbol identical with the label symbol.
Fig. 5 shows the result of the clustering shown in Fig. 4 and the position of label.
Fig. 6, which shows another kind proposed by the present invention, need to only send N in a periodtA label symbol rather than M mark
Remember the label design method of symbol.With 4 × 4 aerial arrays, for 16QAM modulation, M=164A label symbol forms label
MatrixIts order (Rank) is Nt=4, therefore only need to send NtThe label symbol of a linear independenceComplete label matrix, i.e. L=L can be rebuildsA, wherein AijIt indicates to rebuild liWhen lsj's
Weight coefficient.
Fig. 7 shows another label symbol design method with error correction proposed by the present invention.Due to noise shadow
It rings, label possibly is present at apart from respective classes mean value remote position to influence performance.By repeating the v same mark
Note, needs to send vN altogethertA label symbol, to improve noise resisting ability.
Fig. 8 shows the algorithm flow for the clustering algorithm that the present invention is used as example.First to Gaussian Mixture distribution
Parameter is initialized, and y (n)=c is then iterated to calculatekPosterior probability
It is updated with the parameter of Gaussian Mixture distribution, it may be assumed that
With
Above-mentioned by iterative formula, the parameter of Gaussian Mixture distribution can acquire, and be used for subsequent classification.
Fig. 9 shows the multi-angle of view clustering algorithm process proposed by the present invention applied to STBC system.It is mixed to Gauss first
Close distribution parameter initialized, then update the parameter of gauss component respectively to each time slot, then to each when
Gap updates posterior probability respectively.
Figure 10 shows the performance comparison of method and conventional method proposed by the present invention.Wherein STBC-GMM curve uses
The third label symbol design method and corresponding clustering algorithm, label symbol proposed by the present invention are repeated twice, MLD-
Channel estimation curve is the MLD based on channel estimation, the marker character number that pilot number and STBC-GMM are used
Measure identical, MLD-known CSI curve is the MLD of fully known information, and algorithm proposed by the present invention is higher by some in SNR
After thresholding, in the case where not knowing channel information, the MLD performance for accurately knowing channel information is reached, better than based on channel
The MLD performance of estimation.
The EM algorithm that the present invention utilizes can also be not limited to equiprobability and send symbol scene, meanwhile, the variance of noise can also
It changes over time.In addition, the present invention is also not limited to using EM algorithm the parameter for acquiring Gaussian Mixture distribution.The present invention proposes
Hierarchical clustering STBC system be also not limited to two-phase analyzing method method.Method proposed by the present invention can extend to arbitrary number easily
Mesh transmission antenna and receiving antenna are not limited to Alamouti coded system.
Claims (1)
1. space-time block code system signal method of sending and receiving, it is characterised in that:
In transmitting terminal: transmitter is inserted into N before sending data informationt< M irrelevant label symbols, M is natural number,
The content of the label symbol is known to receiving end；
In receiving end: the N sent using transmitting terminaltThe corresponding reception signal of a irrelevant label symbol vector passes through linear
Combined mode reconstructs the label matrix of M label symbol composition, to the data-signal and label square received in a period
Battle array carries out cluster by clustering algorithm and forms M classification, marks the corresponding hair of each classification by reconstructing obtained label matrix
Symbol is sent, symbol is sent it is believed that number making decisions recovery according to cluster result and label logm；
The N sent with transmitting terminaltA irrelevant label symbol vector reconstruction goes out to mark matrix method particularly includes:
If the label matrix that M label symbol is formed are as follows:
Its order is Nt, therefore only need to send NtA orthogonal label symbol vectorIt is i.e. restructural complete
Whole label matrix, i.e. L=LsA, wherein AijIt indicates to rebuild label symbol liWhen lsjWeight coefficient.
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| CN108616333B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2020-12-29 | 南方科技大学 | Communication method and system based on Alamouti coding |
| CN109698741B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-11-01 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of novel full-duplex communication transmitter and receiver design method |
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| GB2416465A (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2006-01-25 | Toshiba Res Europ Ltd | Transmitting a signal using Alamouti encoding and receiving the signal using ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) |
| TWI431990B (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2014-03-21 | Interdigital Tech Corp | Method and apparatus for implementing space time processing with unequal modulation and coding schemes |
| CN101155156B (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2011-06-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | Channel estimation method and device and pilot frequency sequence generation method and device |
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