CN107069829B - Control system, method and application of station-level virtual synchronous machine - Google Patents
Control system, method and application of station-level virtual synchronous machine Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
- H02J3/42—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control system, a method and application of a station-level virtual synchronizer, which comprise a power generation source and a station-level energy management system, wherein the power generation source is connected to an upper-level power grid through a unique public coupling point PPC, the power generation source realizes energy conversion by using the power electronic converter and is connected to a local grid-connected point, and the station-level energy management system realizes power scheduling of each power generation unit by detecting a PCC point and voltage and frequency signals of grid-connected ports of each power generation source according to a control strategy of the virtual synchronizer. The control system, the control method and the application of the station-level virtual synchronous machine provided by the invention overcome the defects of a power electronic converter-level virtual synchronous machine, improve the primary frequency modulation and voltage regulation characteristics of the system through the inertia link of the virtual synchronous machine, are suitable for a high-permeability multi-access-point distributed and large-scale centralized renewable energy power generation system, and can greatly improve the stability of a power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of virtual synchronous machine control systems, in particular to a station-level virtual synchronous machine control system, a station-level virtual synchronous machine control method and application thereof.
Background
With the scale utilization of power generation systems such as solar energy, photovoltaic and energy storage, power systems are being converted from a rotary interface of a traditional synchronous generator to a power electronic interface of digital control. From the source perspective, renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like have the characteristics of randomness and volatility; from the perspective of a grid-connected interface, the energy conversion unit is digitally controlled, inertia is avoided, overload resistance is poor, and the characteristics bring new challenges to the stability of a power electronic power system. The scale of traditional power systems is continuously expanding, mainly due to the synchronization mechanism of the natural inertia link of the synchronous generator. Photovoltaic, wind power, energy storage and other power generation systems are connected to a power grid through power electronic converters, if the power electronic converters have the operation characteristics similar to those of synchronous generators through digital control, the absorption of the power grid to renewable energy sources is certainly promoted, and the stable operation of a high-proportion power electronic power system is improved.
At present, a virtual synchronous generator control strategy becomes a hot point of domestic and foreign research, particularly, in China, research structures and enterprises in colleges and universities develop researches on the aspect, and provide corresponding control strategies and methods, but most of the control strategies adopt a digital control algorithm from the perspective of a power electronic converter, and an inertia link of a virtual synchronous generator is introduced into a control ring of the converter. In the method, each converter only detects the voltage and frequency of a grid-connected point of the converter and controls the converter according to the detection result and corresponding output, so that a global control blind spot exists and the risk of breakdown of the whole power system exists for a distributed high-density multi-access point or a centralized large-scale power station because the load flow distribution and voltage conditions of other nodes of the system cannot be obtained; the grid information of the grid-connected point of the energy storage converter is rapidly detected, and a corresponding control algorithm is formulated, so that the data processing work of the control chip of the energy storage converter is increased, and the real-time performance and the reliability of the system are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a control system, a control method and application of a station-level virtual synchronizer, overcomes the defects of a power electronic converter-level virtual synchronizer, improves the primary frequency modulation and voltage regulation characteristics of the system through the inertia link of the virtual synchronizer, is suitable for a high-permeability multi-access-point distributed and large-scale centralized renewable energy power generation system, and can greatly improve the stability of a power grid.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a control system of a station-level virtual synchronizer comprises a power generation source and a station-level energy management system, wherein the power generation source is connected to an upper-level power grid through a unique public coupling point PPC, the power generation source realizes energy conversion through the power electronic converter and is connected to a local grid-connected point, and the station-level energy management system realizes power scheduling of each power generation unit through detecting a PCC point and voltage and frequency signals of grid-connected ports of each power generation source according to a control strategy of the virtual synchronizer.
Further, the power generation source is a photovoltaic module, a wind turbine generator or/and an energy storage system.
The invention is realized by the following another technical scheme:
a control method of a station-level virtual synchronous machine comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, an energy management system detects the voltage U and the frequency f of a PCC (point-to-point) port side of a superior power grid;
(2) a primary frequency modulation active power output strategy is formulated according to the frequency change of the power grid:
wherein
P represents the active output of the power station;
P0: electric network at rated frequency fNPower plant contribution within range;
TJ: characterizing characteristic parameters of a virtual synchronous machine simulating the inertia time constant of a traditional synchronous generator, and calculating according to the rotational inertia of the virtual synchronous machine, wherein the characteristic parameters are generally within the range of 4 s-12 s according to the difference of the generators;
fN: rated frequency of the power grid;
PN: rated active output of the power station;
(3) the energy management system calculates the output P of the whole power station in real time according to the formula (1), and distributes the output P of each power generation source according to the voltage and the frequency of the grid-connected point Gi of each power generation source and the power generation capacity of the power generation sourceiSo that:
(4) virtual synchronous machine active power to frequency regulation droop coefficient KfComprises the following steps:
adjusting sag factor KfShould be in the range of 5-20;
(5) when the system voltage changes, the virtual synchronous machine should adjust its reactive changes:
wherein
Q is the reactive power output of the power station;
Q0: electric network at rated frequency fNPower plant contribution within range;
TU: characterizing characteristic parameters of the virtual synchronizer simulating the excitation voltage regulation of the traditional synchronous generator, wherein the characteristic parameters range from 2s to 10s according to different regulation modes;
UN: rated voltage of the power grid;
QN: rated reactive power output of the power station;
reactive voltage regulation coefficient KuThe recommendation is 1-10, and the calculation formula is as follows:
(6) the energy management system calculates the output required by the power station by means of a background algorithm, and realizes the scheduling of active power and reactive power among all power generation sources in the power station through rapid communication, and the power electronic converters of all the power generation sources in the power station only need to execute power scheduling instructions.
Further, in the step (6), when the virtual synchronous machine participates in primary frequency modulation of the power grid, the frequency modulation starting time should be less than 3 seconds, the response time should be less than 12 seconds, the adjusting time should be less than 30 seconds, and the active power adjusting control error should not exceed ± 2% PN。
The invention is realized by the following another technical scheme:
the application of a station-level virtual synchronous machine control system adopts wind-solar energy storage power generation sources in various power generation modes, because an energy storage system is introduced into the system, energy can flow in two directions, the output of the whole wind-solar energy storage station is scheduled according to the output made by an optimization strategy of a virtual synchronous machine, and the energy storage system in the system is regarded as a storage buffer link of the energy in the whole system.
Further, the capacity ratio of the energy storage system is as follows:
E≥PN*T/K (6)
in the formula
E: capacity to be configured for the energy storage system;
PN: the rated power of the whole power station;
t: inertia time of a virtual synchronous machine of a power station is generally 3-12 s, and 5s is recommended;
k is the designed discharge depth of the energy storage system, is related to the medium of the energy storage battery, and preferably 0.8 of the lithium ion battery; 0.6 of lead carbon; lead acid was 0.5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system, the method and the application overcome the defects of a power electronic converter-level virtual synchronous machine, improve the primary frequency modulation and voltage regulation characteristics of the system through the inertia link of the virtual synchronous machine, are suitable for a high-permeability multi-access-point distributed and large-scale centralized renewable energy power generation system, can greatly improve the stability of a power grid, enable the power generated by a renewable energy power station (field) to be transmitted to the superior power grid smoothly, reflect the characteristics of a synchronous generator to the superior power grid, regulate the output power of the station-level virtual synchronous machine according to the fluctuation of load, maintain the stability of the frequency and the voltage of the system, and improve the absorption capacity of renewable energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control system of a station-level virtual synchronous machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic or direct drive wind turbine power station in accordance with embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the principle of wind power generation according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a wind-solar energy storage power generation system in accordance with embodiment 5 of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the essence of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a station-level virtual synchronous machine control system is composed of a renewable energy power station (farm) using a power electronic converter as an interface and a station-level energy management system; a power station (field) is connected to an upper-level power grid of the power station (field) through a single point of common coupling (PPC); the power generation station comprises a plurality of paths of power generation sources, energy conversion is realized by using a power electronic converter, and the power generation sources are connected to a local grid-connected point Gi and can be photovoltaic modules, wind turbines and energy storage batteries; and the station level energy management system realizes power scheduling of each power generation unit by detecting the PCC points and the voltage and frequency signals of the grid-connected ports of each power generation source according to the control strategy of the virtual synchronous machine.
The station-level virtual synchronizer control system overcomes the defects of a power electronic converter-level virtual synchronizer, improves the primary frequency modulation and voltage regulation characteristics of the system through the inertia link of the virtual synchronizer, is suitable for a high-permeability multi-access-point distributed and large-scale centralized renewable energy power generation system, and can greatly improve the stability of a power grid. The power transmitted to a superior power grid from the power generation of a renewable energy power station (field) is smooth, the characteristics of a synchronous generator are reflected to a large power grid, the output power of the power generator is adjusted according to the fluctuation of the load, and the stability of the frequency and the voltage of the system is maintained.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the method for implementing 1 a control system of a station-level virtual synchronous machine includes the following steps:
(1) firstly, an energy management system detects the voltage U and the frequency f of the PCC (point-to-point) port side of a superior power grid
(2) A primary frequency modulation active power output strategy is formulated according to the frequency change of the power grid:
wherein
P represents the active output of the power station;
P0: electric network at rated frequency fNPower plant contribution within range;
TJ: the characteristic parameters representing the inertia time constant of the virtual synchronous machine simulating the traditional synchronous generator can be obtained by calculation according to the rotational inertia of the virtual synchronous machine, and are recommended to be 5s within the range of 4 s-12 s according to the difference of the generators;
fN: rated frequency of the power grid;
PN: rated active power output of the power station.
(3) The energy management system calculates the output P of the whole power station in real time according to the formula (1), and distributes the output P of each power generation source according to the voltage and the frequency of the grid-connected point Gi of each power generation source and the power generation capacity of the power generation sourceiSo that:
(4) virtual synchronous machine active power to frequency regulation droop coefficient KfComprises the following steps:
adjusting sag factor KfShould be in the range of 5 ~ 20, preferably 20.
(5) Similar to the frequency modulation process, when the system voltage changes, the virtual synchronous machine should adjust its reactive change (inductive reactive or capacitive reactive):
wherein
Q is the reactive power output of the power station;
Q0: in the electric networkRated frequency fNPower plant contribution within range;
TU: characterizing characteristic parameters of the virtual synchronizer simulating the excitation voltage regulation of the traditional synchronous generator, and recommending the characteristic parameters to be 5s within the range of 2 s-10 s according to different regulation modes;
UN: rated voltage of the power grid;
QN: rated reactive power output of the power station.
Reactive voltage regulation coefficient KuThe recommendation is 1-10, and the calculation formula is as follows:
(6) the energy management system calculates the output required by the power station by means of a background algorithm, and realizes the scheduling of active power and reactive power among all power generation sources in the power station through rapid communication, the power electronic converters of all the power generation sources of the power station only simply execute power scheduling instructions, in the process, when a virtual synchronous machine participates in primary frequency modulation of a power grid, the frequency modulation starting time is less than 3 seconds, the response time is less than 12 seconds, the regulation time is less than 30 seconds, and the regulation control error of the active power is not more than +/-2% PN。
Example 3
As shown in fig. 2, a station-level virtual synchronizer control application is implemented based on embodiment 1 or 2, and is in an application form of a photovoltaic or direct-drive type fan grid-connected power station, in the system, a power generation source is connected to a grid-connected point through a power electronic converter, functional quantity can only flow in a single direction, and energy is influenced by factors such as solar irradiance, wind speed and the like of the power generation source, so that when the virtual synchronizer strategy is executed, when given output is greater than the maximum output allowed by the source at the moment, the maximum output is limited, and the output system has no upward adjustment capability; and conversely, when the given output is smaller than the maximum output allowed by the source at the moment, the output can be adjusted to be a set value by not executing the photovoltaic maximum power point operation strategy and the pitch control system of the fan.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 3, a station-level virtual synchronous machine control application is implemented on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, and an application form of a doubly-fed wind power plant is adopted, in the power generation system, a stator side of a doubly-fed wind power generator is directly incorporated into a grid-connected point through a rotational inertia link, a rotor side of the doubly-fed wind power generator is also connected to the grid-connected point through a back-to-back wind power converter, a virtual synchronous machine of the system has a scheduling strategy for output power, photovoltaic and direct-drive wind power, but since the virtual synchronous machine is connected to a power grid through the inertia link, response time is slower than that of digital control of power electronics when receiving a scheduling instruction of an energy management system, and scheduling is combined with actual inertial response time to achieve the purpose of optimal control.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 4, a control application of a station-level virtual synchronizer is implemented in a power station with multiple power generation modes of wind, light and storage based on embodiment 1 or 2, and energy can flow in two directions due to the introduction of an energy storage link in the system, so that the whole wind, light and power storage station can completely schedule the output of each power generation source according to the output formulated by an optimization strategy of the virtual synchronizer. The energy storage system in the system can be regarded as a storage buffering link of energy in the whole system, if the characteristics of a virtual synchronous machine of the whole power station are completely ensured, the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station is as follows:
E≥PN*T/K (6)
in the formula
E: capacity to be configured for the energy storage system;
PN: the rated power of the whole power station;
t: inertia time of a virtual synchronous machine of a power station is generally 3-12 s, and 5s is recommended;
k is the designed discharge depth of the energy storage system, is related to the medium of the energy storage battery, and generally recommends 0.8 for the lithium ion battery; 0.6 of lead carbon; lead acid was 0.5.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A control method of a station-level virtual synchronous machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, an energy management system detects the voltage U and the frequency f of a PCC (point-to-point) port side of a superior power grid;
(2) a primary frequency modulation active power output strategy is formulated according to the frequency change of the power grid:
wherein
P represents the active output of the power station;
P0: electric network at rated frequency fNPower plant contribution within range;
TJ: characterizing characteristic parameters of a virtual synchronous machine simulating the inertia time constant of a traditional synchronous generator, calculating according to the rotational inertia of the virtual synchronous machine, and taking the characteristic parameters within a range of 4 s-12 s according to the difference of the generators;
fN: rated frequency of the power grid;
PN: rated active output of the power station;
(3) the energy management system calculates the output P of the whole power station in real time according to the formula (1), and distributes the output P of each power generation source according to the voltage and the frequency of the grid-connected point Gi of each power generation source and the power generation capacity of the power generation sourceiSo that:
(4) virtual synchronous machine active power to frequency regulation droop coefficient KfComprises the following steps:
adjusting sag factor KfWithin the range of 5-20;
(5) when the system voltage changes, the virtual synchronous machine adjusts the reactive change:
wherein
Q is the reactive power output of the power station;
Q0: electric network at rated frequency fNPower plant contribution within range;
TU: characterizing characteristic parameters of the virtual synchronizer simulating the excitation voltage regulation of the traditional synchronous generator, wherein the characteristic parameters range from 2s to 10s according to different regulation modes;
UN: rated voltage of the power grid;
QN: rated reactive power output of the power station;
reactive voltage regulation coefficient Ku1-10, and the calculation formula is as follows:
(6) the energy management system calculates the output required by the power station by means of a background algorithm, and realizes the scheduling of active power and reactive power among all power generation sources in the power station through rapid communication, and the power electronic converters of all the power generation sources in the power station only need to execute power scheduling instructions.
2. The station-level virtual synchronous machine control method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), when the virtual synchronous machine participates in primary frequency modulation of the power grid, the frequency modulation starting time is less than 3 seconds, the response time is less than 12 seconds, the regulation time is less than 30 seconds, and the active power regulation control error is not more than ± 2% PN。
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| CN107645178B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2020-09-08 | 许继电气股份有限公司 | Virtual synchronous machine control system and method based on power electronic transformer |
| CN109995060B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2023-09-22 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Wide-area energy storage coordination control method and system |
| CN108429280B (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2022-07-08 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Wide-area virtual frequency control method and system for passive power grid |
| CN108631345A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-10-09 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of power grid frequency modulation system and method based on internet cloud platform |
| CN108964094B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2022-02-18 | 全球能源互联网欧洲研究院 | Regional active frequency coordination control method and device based on virtual synchronous generator |
| CN109193797B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2022-02-15 | 江苏大学 | Inertia matching method and control system based on synchronous generator and virtual synchronous generator parallel microgrid |
| CN113315162B (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2024-04-12 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Station-level energy storage system and energy management system and method thereof |
| CN114142497B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2024-01-05 | 国网青海省电力公司清洁能源发展研究院 | Electric power energy storage intelligent body control algorithm and control system |
| CN115882468B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-01-23 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Virtual synchronous control method based on port energy remodeling |
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