CN107068373B - Anti direct current transformer - Google Patents
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- CN107068373B CN107068373B CN201710293030.XA CN201710293030A CN107068373B CN 107068373 B CN107068373 B CN 107068373B CN 201710293030 A CN201710293030 A CN 201710293030A CN 107068373 B CN107068373 B CN 107068373B
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
- H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
- H01F38/28—Current transformers
- H01F38/30—Constructions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/18—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers
- G01R15/183—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers using transformers with a magnetic core
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
- H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
- H01F38/28—Current transformers
- H01F38/30—Constructions
- H01F2038/305—Constructions with toroidal magnetic core
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-direct current transformer, which comprises: the anti-saturation iron core is provided with an air gap; the primary winding is used for connecting a measured circuit; the secondary winding is used for connecting a measuring instrument; the secondary winding, the compensation winding and the primary winding are wound on the anti-saturation iron core in sequence; compensating the phase error of the mutual inductor through the compensation winding; and compensating the ratio error of the transformer by adjusting the turns of the secondary winding. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the compensation winding is arranged to compensate the phase error, so that the mutual inductor can ensure accurate measurement of electric energy under the standard current with the primary direct current content of hundreds of amperes and the secondary currents of 5A and 1A.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mutual inductor measurement, in particular to an anti-direct current mutual inductor.
Background
In an electric power system, a primary large current is converted into a standard small current of 5A or 1A by using an electric current transformer, and the standard small current and an electric energy meter form a current measurement loop of an electric energy metering device together, so that the performance of the current transformer is directly related to the accuracy of electric energy metering, and the fairness and justice of electric energy trade settlement are influenced. When the system normally operates in a steady state, the primary current of the current transformer is generally a power frequency sine wave, and if the transformation ratio and the rated secondary load of the current transformer are properly selected, the operation error can reach the expected target. In some special cases, however, the primary current of the current transformer may contain dc or harmonic components, even sinusoidal half waves rectified by diodes. The non-power frequency components, especially the direct current component, can cause great influence on the magnetization performance of the current transformer, the direct current magnetic bias flux and the alternating current flux are superposed, the direct current part acts as excitation, the iron core rapidly enters a saturated state, and the error sharply increases and exceeds the calibrated error limit value.
For example, a common low-voltage current transformer for metering, which is commonly used in a power grid, is taken as an example, the rated primary current of the low-voltage current transformer is 500A, and the accuracy level is 0.2S. Tests show that the specific value difference and the phase difference of the current transformer under the sine half-wave when the direct current content is close to 30 percent both increase rapidly along with the increase of the current effective value of the first half-wave, the specific value difference exceeds-80 percent and the phase difference exceeds 70 degrees when the rated current is adopted, so that the current transformer cannot be normally used.
In order to overcome the above problems in the prior art, the materials of the magnetic core are usually modified to improve the anti-saturation capability of the magnetic core of the current transformer by enabling the current transformer to work normally under the condition of containing a large direct current component. One is that an air gap penetrating the whole magnetic core section is arranged on an iron-based amorphous iron core, and the iron core with the air gap meets the precision requirement of the transformer under the condition of applying a direct current component, but the anti-direct current transformer can only be suitable for a secondary milliampere level small current transformer, and can not meet the error requirement when half-wave direct current is large and the secondary is 5A or 1A standard current.
Therefore, a technique is needed to solve the problem of accurately measuring the electric energy meter when the dc content is high or the half-wave dc is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an anti-direct current transformer, which aims to solve the problem that an electric energy meter can carry out accurate measurement when the direct current content is high or the half-wave direct current is large.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an anti-dc current transformer, the transformer comprising:
the anti-saturation iron core is provided with an air gap;
the primary winding is used for connecting a measured circuit;
the secondary winding is used for connecting a measuring instrument;
the secondary winding, the compensation winding and the primary winding are wound on the anti-saturation iron core in sequence;
compensating the phase error of the mutual inductor through the compensation winding;
and compensating the ratio error of the transformer by adjusting the turns of the secondary winding.
Preferably, the air gap opening is provided through the core cross section.
Preferably, the number of the air gaps is two, and the two air gaps penetrate through the sections of the two iron cores.
Preferably, when the primary current is not less than 200A, the primary winding is wound in a punching mode.
Preferably, the phase error of the mutual inductor is compensated through the compensation winding; the compensating ratio error of the transformer by adjusting the number of turns of the secondary winding comprises:
according to the ratio error f and the phase errorThe difference δ is calculated as follows, wherein: i is2Is a secondary current, I1Is primary current, ba is exciting current I0Projected to the horizontal axis, bc being the excitation current I0Values projected to the vertical axis;
under the condition that the compensation winding is not arranged, the induced potentials of the primary winding and the secondary winding have E1＝E2', wherein, E1Is the induced potential of the primary winding, E2' converting the induced potential of the secondary winding to a primary value;
for the transformer provided with the compensation winding, the induced potentials of the primary winding, the secondary winding and the compensation winding have the following relations: e12＝E2'+E3',E12To set the induced potential of the primary winding after the compensation winding, E3' converting the induced potential of the compensation winding to a primary value;
because the number of turns N of the compensation winding3Much less than the number of turns N of the secondary winding2Then the compensation winding induced potential E can be considered2' significantly less than the induced potential E of the secondary winding2', then have E12≈E1I.e. compensated field current I'0≈I0；
The ratio error f 'and the phase error δ' after setting the compensation winding are calculated as follows: i is3To compensate for winding currents, I1' is a reduced value of primary current, and ed is a translation value I of exciting current0' value projected onto horizontal axis, ef is excitation current translation value I0' values projected to the vertical axis;
the compensation winding calculates a compensation amount for the contrast value error and the phase error as follows:N3to compensate for the number of winding turns, N2The number of turns of the secondary winding and other parameters are shown in the formula; wherein Z is02Is the internal impedance of the secondary winding, R3For the internal resistance of the compensation winding, psi is the core loss angle, and alpha is Z02Angle of impedance of, N3To compensate for the number of winding turns, N2The number of turns of the secondary winding;
in the phase difference, the radian unit component unit needs to be multiplied by 3438;
according to the relationship of magnetic potential balance, the compensation quantity of the contrast value difference during the secondary winding turn number compensation can be obtained as the following formula: n is a radical ofxFor reducing the number of turns of said secondary winding
Preferably, the primary current range is 100A to 1000A.
Preferably, the operation is carried out at standard currents with secondary currents of 5A and 1A.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the compensation winding is arranged to compensate the phase error, so that the mutual inductor can ensure accurate measurement of electric energy under the standard current with the primary direct current content of hundreds of amperes and the secondary currents of 5A and 1A.
Drawings
A more complete understanding of exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be had by reference to the following drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a structural view of an anti-dc current transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-saturable core with an air gap for an anti-dc current transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating parameters of a calculated ratio error and a phase error according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for complete and complete disclosure of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In the drawings, the same units/elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Unless otherwise defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further, it will be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an anti-dc current transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to the direct current resistant transformer provided by the embodiment of the invention, the iron core material is improved, the air gap is formed on the iron core, and the anti-saturation capacity of the current transformer is improved by arranging the compensation winding. The problem that the electric energy meter can accurately measure when the direct current content is high or the half-wave direct current is large is solved. As shown in fig. 1, the transformer 100 includes: the anti-saturation iron core T1 is provided with an air gap T1; primary winding W1Primary winding W1For connecting the circuit to be measured; secondary winding W2Secondary winding W2The device is used for connecting a measuring instrument; the anti-saturation iron core T1 is sequentially wound with a secondary winding W by using an enameled copper wire2Compensating winding W3And a primary winding W1Compensating the phase error of the mutual inductor by a compensation winding; and compensating the ratio error of the transformer by adjusting the turns of the secondary winding. Compensation winding of anti-DC current transformerThe phase error sets the number of turns, and the larger the phase difference, the more the number of turns of the compensation winding. A copper enameled wire is adopted to densely wind a secondary winding on an iron core, an insulating film is coated on the secondary winding, then a compensation winding is wound in the same manner, and a primary winding generally adopts a primary piercing mode. In the implementation mode of the invention, a proper insulation mode is selected according to the working voltage grade of the anti-direct current transformer, a common insulation mode is adopted for the working transformers below 380V, and a high-voltage insulation mode is adopted for the 10kV high-voltage transformer.
Preferably, a core of iron-based amorphous core material is used.
Preferably, the air gap in the anti-saturation iron core T1 is opened as a through magnetic core section. Alternatively, the anti-windup core T1 has two air gaps formed therein, and the two air gaps extend through the two core sections, so that the anti-windup core T1 is divided into two parts. If the anti-saturation iron core T1 adopts an iron core with an open air gap, the size of the open air gap is determined according to the cross section of the iron core, the length of a magnetic circuit and the size of direct current, and under the condition that the cross section and the length of the magnetic circuit are determined, the larger the direct current is, the larger the air gap is arranged.
In the embodiment of the invention, the method for calculating the direct current size through the air gap size comprises the following steps: firstly, measuring magnetization curves under different air gaps, finding out magnetic field intensity H corresponding to inflection points under different air gaps, and calculating corresponding direct current according to a formula HL-NI, wherein L is the average magnetic path length of an iron core, N is the turn number of a primary winding, and I is a direct current value; and calculating the magnetic strength H, and finding out the size of the corresponding air gap according to a magnetization curve graph. And the corresponding direct current is reversely deduced according to the size of the air gap.
Preferably, when the primary current is not less than 200A, the primary winding is wound in a punching mode.
Preferably, the anti-dc current transformer of the embodiment of the present invention operates in a primary current range of 100A to 1000A.
Preferably, the anti-dc current transformer of the present embodiment operates at standard currents with secondary currents of 5A and 1A.
Embodiments of the invention are further illustrated below:
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-saturable core with an air gap for an anti-dc current transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the left side is an iron core with 1 air gap a for the anti-saturation iron core T1. The right side of fig. 2 is a core with 2 air gaps b1 and b2 for the anti-saturation core T1.
In order to ensure the anti-saturation capacity of the anti-direct current transformer, the anti-saturation iron core is provided with an air gap, so that the saturation characteristic of the anti-saturation iron core is obviously improved. The larger the air gap, the stronger the saturation resistance of the core, but not the larger the air gap, the better, since the air gap increases, and the error thereof also increases rapidly, especially the phase error. Therefore, after selecting and determining the air gap and the iron core parameters, a corresponding method needs to be adopted to compensate the errors. The compensation winding W as shown in FIG. 13Also called short-circuited turn winding, i.e. to compensate for phase errors.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating parameters of a calculated ratio error and a phase error according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, when there is no compensation winding, the ratio error f and the phase error δ are calculated as follows: i is2Is a secondary current, I1Is primary current, ba is exciting current I0Projected to the horizontal axis, bc being the excitation current I0Values projected to the vertical axis;
in the embodiment of the invention, under the condition of not arranging the compensation winding, the induced potentials of the primary winding and the secondary winding have E1＝E2', wherein, E1Is the induced potential of the primary winding, E2' is the value converted to the primary by the induced potential of the secondary winding;
for a transformer provided with a compensation winding, the induced potentials of the primary winding, the secondary winding and the compensation winding have the following relations: e12＝E2'+E3',E12To set the induced potential of the primary winding after the compensation winding, E3' converting the induced potential of the compensation winding to a primary value;
because the number of turns N of the compensation winding3Much less than the number of turns N of the secondary winding2Then the compensation winding induced potential E can be considered2' significantly less than the secondary winding induced potential E2', then have E12≈E1I.e. compensated field current I'0≈I0；
The ratio error f 'and the phase error δ' after setting the compensation winding are calculated as follows: i is3To compensate for winding currents, I1' is a reduced value of primary current, and ed is a translation value I of exciting current0' value projected onto horizontal axis, ef is excitation current translation value I0' values projected to the vertical axis;
the compensation amount for compensating for the winding contrast value error and the phase error is calculated as follows: n is a radical of3To compensate for the number of winding turns, N2The number of turns of the secondary winding and other parameters are shown in the formula; wherein Z is02Is the internal impedance of the secondary winding, R3In order to compensate the internal resistance of the winding, psi is an iron core loss angle, and the iron core loss angle psi needs to be obtained through experimental tests. Alpha is Z02Angle of impedance of, N3To compensate for the number of winding turns, N2The number of turns of the secondary winding; the number of turns is determined according to a compensation phase difference formula of the compensation winding, the number of turns of the compensation winding is increased, the phase difference changes towards the negative direction, the number of turns of the compensation winding is reduced, the phase difference changes towards the positive direction, and the number of turns of the compensation winding is adjusted until the phase difference meets the design requirement.
In the phase difference, the radian unit component unit needs to be multiplied by 3438;
according to the relation of magnetic potential balance, the contrast ratio of the secondary winding during turn number compensation can be obtainedThe compensation amount of the value difference is as follows, wherein: n is a radical ofxTo reduce the number of turns of the secondary winding.
The embodiment of the invention can work under the primary current content of 100A to 1000A and the secondary standard currents of 5A and 1A, so that the invention can be installed in a line with higher direct-current component in a power grid to be used as a current transformer for metering and can ensure that an electric energy meter can accurately meter. The embodiment of the invention adopts the iron core material and the manufacturing process of the conventional mutual inductor, has simple structure, convenient installation and replacement, and convenient maintenance and wide popularization and application.
The invention has been described with reference to a few embodiments. However, other embodiments of the invention than the one disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the invention, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from the appended patent claims.
Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to "a/an/the [ device, component, etc ]" are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of said device, component, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated.
Claims (4)
1. An anti-dc current transformer, the transformer comprising:
the anti-saturation iron core is provided with an air gap; the air gap opening is arranged to penetrate through the section of the magnetic core; the number of the air gaps is two, and the two air gaps penetrate through the sections of the two iron cores;
the primary winding is used for connecting a measured circuit;
the secondary winding is used for connecting a measuring instrument;
the secondary winding, the compensation winding and the primary winding are wound on the anti-saturation iron core in sequence;
compensating the phase error of the mutual inductor through the compensation winding;
compensating for a ratio error of the transformer by adjusting a number of turns of the secondary winding, comprising: the ratio error f and the phase error δ are calculated as follows: i is2Is a secondary current, I1Is primary current, ba is exciting current I0Projected to the horizontal axis, bc being the excitation current I0Values projected to the vertical axis;
under the condition that the compensation winding is not arranged, the induced potentials of the primary winding and the secondary winding have E1＝E2', wherein, E1Is the induced potential of the primary winding, E2' converting the induced potential of the secondary winding to a primary value;
for the transformer provided with the compensation winding, the induced potentials of the primary winding, the secondary winding and the compensation winding have the following relations: e12＝E2'+E3',E12To set the induced potential of the primary winding after the compensation winding, E3' converting the induced potential of the compensation winding to a primary value;
because the number of turns N of the compensation winding3Much less than the number of turns N of the secondary winding2Then the compensation winding induced potential E can be considered2' significantly less than the induced potential E of the secondary winding2', then have E12≈E1I.e. compensated field current I'0≈I0；
The ratio error f 'and the phase error δ' after setting the compensation winding are calculated as follows: i is3To compensate for winding currents, I1' is a reduced value of primary current, and ed is a translation value I of exciting current0' value projected onto horizontal axis, ef is excitation current translation value I0' throw inValues that are mirrored to the vertical axis;
the compensation winding calculates a compensation amount for the contrast value error and the phase error as follows: n is a radical of3To compensate for the number of winding turns, N2The number of turns of the secondary winding and other parameters are shown in the formula; wherein Z is02Is the internal impedance of the secondary winding, R3For the internal resistance of the compensation winding, psi is the core loss angle, and alpha is Z02Angle of impedance of, N3To compensate for the number of winding turns, N2The number of turns of the secondary winding;
in the phase difference, the radian unit component unit needs to be multiplied by 3438;
according to the relationship of magnetic potential balance, the compensation quantity of the contrast value difference during the secondary winding turn number compensation can be obtained as the following formula: n is a radical ofxFor reducing the number of turns of said secondary winding
2. The transformer of claim 1, wherein the primary winding is wound in a feed-through manner when the primary current is not less than 200A.
3. The transformer of claim 1 operating in a primary current range of 100A to 1000A.
4. The instrument transformer of claim 1, operating at standard currents with secondary currents of 5A and 1A.
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| CN109378179A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-02-22 | 浙江天际互感器有限公司 | The anti-DC current transformer iron core of electromagnetic type and the anti-DC current transformer of electromagnetic type |
| CN111880138B (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2022-11-08 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | Zero-sequence current transformer measurement accuracy optimization method based on ferromagnetic characteristics |
| CN112735755B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-10-01 | 云南电网有限责任公司 | High-precision multi-transformation-ratio standard current transformer working for long time at 150% rated current |
| CN112816754B (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-07-12 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Current compensation method and equipment for current transformer |
| CN113033048B (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-04-08 | 浙江天际互感器有限公司 | Method for designing main parameters of differential zero-sequence current transformer |
| CN113625038A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-11-09 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Current measuring device and voltage and current measuring device |
| CN116545129A (en) * | 2023-07-04 | 2023-08-04 | 南方电网数字电网研究院有限公司 | Direct current line energy taking system and intelligent sensor |
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| CN201233804Y (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-05-06 | 梁明 | Electromagnetic induction power supply apparatus and electric observing and control equipment |
| CN102944739A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-27 | 广东电网公司中山供电局 | Large-aperture forcipate micro-current sensor device |
| CN103901383A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-07-02 | 国家电网公司 | Automatic direct-current magnetic bias compensation device of metering winding of current transformer |
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| CN103983843B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-06-01 | 杭州佳和电气股份有限公司 | Compensation algorithm when application forcipated mutual-inductor measures wattful power and electric energy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201233804Y (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-05-06 | 梁明 | Electromagnetic induction power supply apparatus and electric observing and control equipment |
| CN102944739A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-02-27 | 广东电网公司中山供电局 | Large-aperture forcipate micro-current sensor device |
| CN103901383A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-07-02 | 国家电网公司 | Automatic direct-current magnetic bias compensation device of metering winding of current transformer |
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