CN107064648B - The detection device and method of the lightning-arrest lead resistance value of blower fan pylon based on leakage cable - Google Patents
The detection device and method of the lightning-arrest lead resistance value of blower fan pylon based on leakage cable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及风力发电的技术领域，特别是涉及基于泄露电缆的风机塔架避雷引线阻值的探测装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a detection device and method for the resistance value of a lightning protection lead wire of a fan tower based on a leaking cable.
背景技术Background technique
现有风力发电机组都是安装在野外广阔的平原地区，风力发电设备高达几十米甚至上百米，导致其极易被雷击并直接成为雷电的接闪物。由于风机内部结构非常紧凑，无论叶片、机舱还是尾翼受到雷击，机舱内的电控系统等设备都可能受到机舱的高电位反击。在电源和控制回路沿塔架引下的途中，也可能受到高电位反击。实际上，对于处于旷野之中高耸物体，无论怎么样防护，都不可能完全避免雷击。因此，对于风力发电机组的防雷来说，应该把重点放在遭受雷击时如何迅速将雷电流引入大地，尽可能地减少由雷电导入设备的电流，最大限度地保障设备和人员的安全，使损失降低到最小的程度。现在已存的测量避雷引线阻值的方法主要如下：Existing wind power generators are all installed in vast plain areas in the wild, and the wind power generation equipment is tens of meters or even hundreds of meters high, which makes it extremely easy to be struck by lightning and directly become a lightning receptor. Because the internal structure of the wind turbine is very compact, no matter if the blades, nacelle or tail are struck by lightning, the electronic control system and other equipment in the nacelle may be counterattacked by the high potential of the nacelle. On the way down the power supply and control circuit along the tower, it may also be counterattacked by high potential. In fact, for towering objects in the wilderness, no matter how they are protected, it is impossible to completely avoid lightning strikes. Therefore, for the lightning protection of wind turbines, the focus should be on how to quickly introduce lightning current into the ground when struck by lightning, minimize the current from lightning into the equipment, and maximize the safety of equipment and personnel. Losses are reduced to a minimum. The existing methods for measuring the resistance of lightning conductors are mainly as follows:
三极法测量接地电阻的原理是在电流极和被测接地体之间注入手摇发电机产生的低频交流电流，在被测接地体和电压极之间获得电压U，通过该电流和电压值，根据欧姆定律可计算出被测接地体的接地电阻。三级法每次测量时都要打两个辅助电极，一方面增加人力，另一方面有些风电场可能没有现场条件打电极，并且人为操作环节比较多，对结果影响比较大。The principle of the three-pole method for measuring grounding resistance is to inject low-frequency alternating current generated by a hand-operated generator between the current pole and the grounding body under test, and obtain a voltage U between the grounding body under test and the voltage pole, and pass the current and voltage value , according to Ohm's law, the grounding resistance of the measured grounding body can be calculated. The three-level method requires two auxiliary electrodes for each measurement. On the one hand, it increases manpower. On the other hand, some wind farms may not have on-site conditions for electrode application, and there are many human-operated links, which have a greater impact on the results.
采用钳表法测量杆塔接地电阻是对传统方法的一大改进，其突出优点是测量时不必布设电流极和电压极引线，只要用钳表夹住线路杆塔接地引下线，就可以测接地电阻，但这种方法使用的信号处于低频段，容易与风机塔架本身的某些信号产生干扰，造成精度低或者结果无效。Using the clamp meter method to measure the tower grounding resistance is a great improvement over the traditional method. Its outstanding advantage is that it is not necessary to lay out the current pole and voltage pole lead wires during the measurement, as long as the clamp meter is used to clamp the line pole tower grounding down lead, the grounding resistance can be measured , but the signal used by this method is in the low frequency band, which is easy to interfere with some signals of the wind turbine tower itself, resulting in low accuracy or invalid results.
因此希望有一种基于泄露电缆的风机塔架避雷引线阻值的探测装置及方法可以解决现有技术的上述缺陷。Therefore, it is desired to have a detection device and method for the resistance of the lightning protection lead wire of the wind turbine tower based on the leaking cable, which can solve the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于泄露电缆的风机塔架避雷引线阻值的探测装置及方法对风机塔架接地电阻值进行精确测量并实现远程在线测量。The object of the present invention is to provide a detection device and method for the resistance value of the lightning protection lead wire of the wind turbine tower based on the leakage cable to accurately measure the ground resistance value of the wind turbine tower and realize remote online measurement.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供基于泄露电缆的风机塔架避雷引线阻值探测装置，所述探测装置包括：电阻测量高频信号生成模块、泄露电缆和信号接收发送处理模块；In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a detection device for the resistance of the lightning protection lead wire of a wind turbine tower based on a leaking cable. The detection device includes: a resistance measurement high-frequency signal generation module, a leakage cable, and a signal receiving and sending processing module;
电阻测量高频信号生成模块安装设置在风机塔塔顶，电阻测量高频信号生成模块的内部信号线通过导线与接地引线的起点连接；The resistance measurement high-frequency signal generation module is installed on the top of the fan tower, and the internal signal line of the resistance measurement high-frequency signal generation module is connected to the starting point of the grounding lead through a wire;
泄露电缆和信号接收发送处理模块设置在风机塔塔底，其中泄露电缆设置在接地引线裸露段通过高频信号时生成的场域内，信号接收发送处理模块电连接泄露电缆并且还连接以太网通信网络，风机塔架的测量系统连接所述以太网通信网络，并将经所述测量系统处理的数据发送至观察测量室的上位机。The leaking cable and the signal receiving and sending processing module are arranged at the bottom of the fan tower, wherein the leaking cable is arranged in the field generated when the exposed section of the grounding lead passes through the high-frequency signal, and the signal receiving and sending processing module is electrically connected to the leaking cable and also connected to the Ethernet communication network The measurement system of the wind turbine tower is connected to the Ethernet communication network, and the data processed by the measurement system is sent to the host computer in the observation and measurement room.
优选地，所述电阻测量高频信号生成模块的供电方式为自带电源供电，所述电阻测量高频信号生成模块根据在所述风机塔架顶部，并且所述电阻测量高频信号生成模块密闭封装，以减少外界干扰。Preferably, the power supply mode of the resistance measurement high-frequency signal generation module is powered by its own power supply, the resistance measurement high-frequency signal generation module is based on the top of the wind turbine tower, and the resistance measurement high-frequency signal generation module is airtight package to reduce external interference.
本发明还提供基于泄露电缆的风机塔架避雷引线阻值的探测方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for detecting the resistance of the fan tower lightning protection lead wire based on the leaking cable, comprising the following steps:
(1)测量电阻：使用欧姆定律测量接地引线电阻，在测量时，将高精度的恒压源和参考电阻与避雷引线连接在一起，通过对参考电阻两端的电压值进行采样并结合欧姆定律进行分析，得到接地引线的电阻工作状态；(1) Measuring resistance: Use Ohm's law to measure the resistance of the grounding lead. When measuring, connect a high-precision constant voltage source and the reference resistor with the lightning protection lead, and sample the voltage value at both ends of the reference resistor and combine it with Ohm's law. Analysis to obtain the resistance working state of the grounding lead;
(2)电阻发送：电阻测量高频信号生成模块根据步骤(1)测量的电阻值，产生不同频率的信号，同时为了避免风机塔架本身的低频信号对测量产生干扰，信号频率设置在高频，即MHz，产生的信号经过放大处理后进入接地引线，通过读取该信号的频率变化获得接地电阻的阻值；(2) Resistance transmission: The resistance measurement high-frequency signal generation module generates signals of different frequencies according to the resistance value measured in step (1). At the same time, in order to avoid the low-frequency signal of the fan tower itself from interfering with the measurement, the signal frequency is set at high frequency. , that is, MHz, the generated signal is amplified and then enters the grounding lead, and the resistance value of the grounding resistance is obtained by reading the frequency change of the signal;
(3)电阻接收：当电阻测量高频信号生成模块产生的高频信号进入接地引线后，接地引线的裸露段会形成稳定的电磁场，将泄露电缆放置在该场域内，实现高频信号的接收，接收到的信号传输到信号接收发送处理模块中进行预处理；(3) Resistance reception: When the high-frequency signal generated by the resistance measurement high-frequency signal generation module enters the grounding lead, the exposed section of the grounding lead will form a stable electromagnetic field, and the leaking cable is placed in this field to realize the reception of the high-frequency signal , the received signal is transmitted to the signal receiving and sending processing module for preprocessing;
(4)电阻读取：上位机读取经各风机安装的信号接收处理模块预处理的数据，并对预处理数据进一步进行处理，得到具体测量的电阻值。(4) Resistance reading: The upper computer reads the data preprocessed by the signal receiving and processing modules installed in each fan, and further processes the preprocessed data to obtain the specific measured resistance value.
优选地，所述步骤(1)的参考电阻选取高精密采样标准电阻以保证足够的测量精度，电阻精度0.01％。Preferably, the reference resistance in the step (1) is selected from a high-precision sampling standard resistance to ensure sufficient measurement accuracy, and the resistance accuracy is 0.01%.
优选地，所述步骤(2)的接地电阻的阻值精度设置为0.1Ω。Preferably, the resistance precision of the grounding resistor in the step (2) is set to 0.1Ω.
本发明提出的基于泄露电缆的风机塔架避雷引线阻值的探测装置及方法利用泄露电缆使用简单设备以低廉的成本实现风机塔架接地电阻值精确测量同时实现了远程在线测量，可以完全去除人力，最大限度的减少人力和物力的消耗。The device and method for detecting the resistance value of the lightning protection lead wire of the fan tower based on the leaking cable proposed by the present invention utilizes the leaking cable and uses simple equipment to realize accurate measurement of the grounding resistance value of the fan tower at a low cost, and at the same time realizes remote online measurement, which can completely eliminate manpower , to minimize the consumption of manpower and material resources.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是基于泄露电缆的风机塔架避雷引线阻值的探测装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a detection device for the resistance value of a lightning protection lead wire of a wind turbine tower based on a leaking cable.
图2是电阻测量模块和高频信号生成模块的电路连接图。Fig. 2 is a circuit connection diagram of the resistance measurement module and the high-frequency signal generation module.
图3是基于泄露电缆的风机塔架避雷引线阻值的探测方法的流程图。Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for detecting the resistance of a lightning protection lead wire of a wind turbine tower based on a leaking cable.
图4是基于泄露电缆的风机塔架避雷引线阻值的探测装置的通讯网络示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a communication network of a detection device for the resistance of a lightning protection lead wire of a wind turbine tower based on a leaking cable.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行更加详细的描述。在附图中，自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。下面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，风机叶片和轮毂安装在风机塔架上方的设备都有连接导线，这些导线在起点总汇点5处合并在一起，接地引线接地电阻是指从起点到接地装置的电阻，电阻测量高频信号生成模块1安装在塔顶，其内部信号线通过普通的导线与接地引线的起点连接在一起，电阻测量高频信号生成模块1的供电方式选取自带电源供电，可以根据需要安装在风机塔架顶部任意合适的位置，并且该模块采用密闭处理，尽量减少外界干扰；As shown in Figure 1, the fan blades and hubs installed above the fan tower have connecting wires, and these wires are combined at the starting point 5. The grounding resistance of the grounding lead refers to the resistance from the starting point to the grounding device. The measurement high-frequency signal generation module 1 is installed on the top of the tower, and its internal signal line is connected together with the starting point of the grounding lead through ordinary wires. The power supply mode of the resistance measurement high-frequency signal generation module 1 is selected from its own power supply, which can be installed as needed Any suitable position on the top of the wind turbine tower, and the module is sealed to minimize external interference;
信号接收发送处理模块2和泄露电缆3安装在风机塔架的底端，其中泄露电缆3设置在接地引线裸露段4通过高频信号时生成的场域内，信号接收发送处理模块2一方面要与泄露电缆3连接，另一方面要接入整个以太网通信网络中；整个以太网连接各个风机塔架的测量系统，并将它们汇集到观察测量室内的上位机中。The signal receiving and sending processing module 2 and the leaking cable 3 are installed at the bottom of the wind turbine tower, wherein the leaking cable 3 is set in the field generated when the ground lead exposed section 4 passes through the high-frequency signal, and the signal receiving and sending processing module 2 needs to communicate with The leakage cable 3 is connected, and on the other hand, it needs to be connected to the entire Ethernet communication network; the entire Ethernet is connected to the measurement systems of each fan tower, and they are collected into the upper computer in the observation and measurement room.
如图2和3所示，Rx表示避雷导线的接地电阻，R表示在测试时接入系统的参考电阻，FR表示隔离用继电器，在系统开始测试时接通，同时能够在非测试状态下保护测试模块免于雷击的损坏。k1、k2表示可控开关，测试时随着测试流程的进行通断。裸露接地段表示在风机塔架底部接地导线裸露的一小段(也称接地棒)。As shown in Figures 2 and 3, Rx represents the grounding resistance of the lightning conductor, R represents the reference resistance connected to the system during the test, and FR represents the isolation relay, which is connected when the system starts testing and can be protected in the non-test state. The test module is protected from lightning damage. k1 and k2 represent controllable switches, which are turned on and off along with the test process during the test. The bare ground section refers to a small section of the ground wire (also called ground rod) exposed at the bottom of the wind turbine tower.
结合图三的流程图，对测量原理及流程说明如下：Combined with the flow chart in Figure 3, the measurement principle and process are described as follows:
系统启动阶段：接通FR后，系统开始工作；System start-up stage: After connecting FR, the system starts to work;
接地引线电阻值的测量阶段：本发明采用欧姆定律对电阻进行测量，k1闭合，k2断开，恒压源和采样电路与系统接通，恒压源内阻对系统影响可以忽略不计，恒压源电压值为U，采样点测量参考电阻(阻值为R)两端电压为U1,那么需要测量的电阻值可以计算如下：The measurement stage of the resistance value of the ground lead: the present invention uses Ohm’s law to measure the resistance, k1 is closed, k2 is disconnected, the constant voltage source and the sampling circuit are connected to the system, the internal resistance of the constant voltage source has negligible influence on the system, and the constant voltage source The voltage value is U, and the voltage at both ends of the reference resistance (resistance value R) measured at the sampling point is U1, then the resistance value to be measured can be calculated as follows:
为保证测量精度，避免单次测量的误差，需要多次测量取均值；In order to ensure the measurement accuracy and avoid the error of a single measurement, it is necessary to take the average value of multiple measurements;
信号产生阶段：电阻测量完成后，断开k1，接通k2，信号发生器根据测量电阻的不同情况产生不同频率的信号。该信号经过放大单元后进入接地引线中；为了能够有效地表示接地引线电阻值的大小，本专利采用选取两个不同频率的高频信号，利用串行二进制编码格式对其进行排列后再发送到接地引线，预先设置好各种编码格式对应的接地引线电阻值得大小，而且编码位数越多，就能够越精确的表示接地引线的电阻，结合测试用例进行具体说明如下：Signal generation stage: After the resistance measurement is completed, turn off k1 and turn on k2, and the signal generator generates signals of different frequencies according to the different conditions of the measured resistance. The signal enters the grounding lead after passing through the amplifying unit; in order to effectively represent the resistance value of the grounding lead, this patent uses two high-frequency signals of different frequencies, arranges them in a serial binary coding format, and then sends them to For the grounding lead, the resistance value of the grounding lead corresponding to various coding formats is set in advance, and the more coding digits, the more accurate the resistance of the grounding lead can be expressed. Combined with the test case, the specific description is as follows:
在测试中选取30MHz和35MHz两种频率信号，在测量中需要表示区间[1Ω，11Ω)的阻值，并且设置阻值递进值(阻值跨度)为0.1Ω，共需要100种二进制编码值，所以设置串行二进制编码位数为7位，共计能生成27＝128种结果，选取100种可能的情况并将各种情况与能够测量到的阻值情况一一对应，例如在测试中4.0Ω的表示情况如下表格所示：In the test, two frequency signals of 30MHz and 35MHz are selected, and the resistance value of the interval [1Ω, 11Ω) needs to be expressed in the measurement, and the progressive value of the resistance value (resistance value span) is set to 0.1Ω, and a total of 100 binary code values are required , so the number of serial binary codes is set to 7 bits, a total of 2 7 =128 results can be generated, 100 possible cases are selected and each case corresponds to the resistance value that can be measured, for example, in the test The representation of 4.0Ω is shown in the table below:
在这100种编码情况内，会出现相邻两位或者几位频率相同的情况，在阻值判断时可以根据每位的时长进行识别。In these 100 kinds of encoding situations, there will be cases where two or several adjacent digits have the same frequency, which can be identified according to the duration of each digit when judging the resistance value.
这样就实现了具体阻值的向下传递。In this way, the downward transmission of specific resistance values is realized.
信号接收与发送阶段：分两种情况对该阶段进行说明：第一种情况是接地引线已经因为故障断开，在这种情况下泄露电缆不会感应到任何信号；另一种情况是泄露电缆能够感应到高频信号，说明接地引线至少没有断开，信号接收发送处理模块2对接收到的信号进行预处理，然后通过以太网络将其发送到上位机；Signal reception and transmission phase: This phase is described in two cases: the first case is that the ground lead has been disconnected due to a fault, in which case no signal will be sensed by the leaking cable; the other case is that the leaking cable High-frequency signals can be sensed, indicating that the grounding lead is at least not disconnected, and the signal receiving and sending processing module 2 preprocesses the received signal, and then sends it to the host computer through the Ethernet network;
信号判别阶段：上位机接收到每一台风机传送过来的信号，根据开始测量前预先设置的不同频率组成的串行频率编码含义对接地引线的电阻值进行识别显示，完成一次测量。Signal identification stage: The upper computer receives the signal sent by each fan, and recognizes and displays the resistance value of the grounding lead according to the meaning of the serial frequency code composed of different frequencies preset before starting the measurement, and completes a measurement.
如图4所示，整个系统应用在风电场中的结构示意图，信号接收发送处理模块2预处理之后的信号经过A/D转换之后由以太网通信模块发送到上位机。As shown in Figure 4, the structural diagram of the whole system applied in the wind farm, the signal preprocessed by the signal receiving and sending processing module 2 is sent to the host computer by the Ethernet communication module after A/D conversion.
本发明的基于泄露电缆的风机塔架避雷引线阻值的探测装置及方法具有以下有益效果：The detection device and method of the resistance value of the lightning protection lead wire of the fan tower based on the leakage cable of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
1.能够快速实时的检测出风机塔架避雷引线接地电阻阻值大小。1. It can quickly and real-time detect the resistance value of the grounding resistance of the lightning protection lead wire of the fan tower.
2.硬件对信号进行了运算处理，提高了设备的利用率。2. The hardware performs calculation and processing on the signal, which improves the utilization rate of the equipment.
3.能够在主控室内的计算机上安装软件进行显示，方便查看，减少不必要的奔波，不用去风机塔架下即可进行观测。3. The software can be installed on the computer in the main control room for display, which is convenient for viewing, reduces unnecessary running, and can be observed without going under the fan tower.
4.硬件结构简单，便于安装，不会对风机主要工作造成影响，同时可控性良好。4. The hardware structure is simple, easy to install, will not affect the main work of the fan, and has good controllability.
5.具有很好的延展性，能够对多个风机塔架同时进行监测。5. It has good scalability and can monitor multiple wind turbine towers at the same time.
6.良好的模块化特点使得本发明能够很好地嵌入其他风机塔架设备中，具有很好的可兼容性，为现场人员的工作带来极大的便利。6. Good modularity enables the present invention to be well embedded in other fan tower equipment, has good compatibility, and brings great convenience to the work of on-site personnel.
最后需要指出的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制。尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these The modification or replacement does not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.
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