CN107063939A - A kind of experimental method of zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal release simulation - Google Patents
A kind of experimental method of zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal release simulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107063939A CN107063939A CN201710422810.XA CN201710422810A CN107063939A CN 107063939 A CN107063939 A CN 107063939A CN 201710422810 A CN201710422810 A CN 201710422810A CN 107063939 A CN107063939 A CN 107063939A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to heavy metal pollution technical field, a kind of experimental method of zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal release simulation is disclosed, the present invention studies zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND Release of Heavy Metals by extracting experimental simulation water logging, Leaching Experiments Simulated rainwater leaching.Experimental studies have found that：CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND has pH buffer capacities；Leaching liquor or leaching liquor pH value are lower, and the Zn and Pb of dissolution are more, therefore, it can by improving the pollution that the pH value of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND prevents CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal transformation from being brought；The heavy metal Zn and heavy metal Pb that rainwater floods dissolution are more, and both heavy metals dissolving migration is relatively fewer caused by rain leaching, therefore flooding causes the risk of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal dissolving migration bigger.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the reality of heavy metal pollution technical field, more particularly to a kind of simulation of zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal release
Proved recipe method.
Background technology
Ore is size-reduced to be referred to as mine tailing with remaining particulate-solid discarded object after flotation concentrate, chats.According to statistics, it is global
Up to more than 100,000,000,000 tons every year of mine tailing yield.2007, the mine tailing accumulation total amount of China was 80.46 hundred million tons, with annual 300000000
The quantity increase of ton, wherein Pb-Zn tailings discharge capacity is 1661.61 ten thousand t/a, and comprehensive utilization ratio is only 7% or so.It is substantial amounts of
The usual heap of mine tailing is stored in outdoor, not only land occupation resource, and by weathering, particularly rain leaching, acid rain leaching, causing
Various harmful components are migrated, and soil, underground water and surface water are polluted, environmental risk is brought.
In summary, the problem of prior art is present be：Tailings impoundment is in outdoor, not only land occupation resource, Er Qiejing
Weathering, rain leaching, particularly acid rain leaching are crossed, causes various harmful components to migrate, to soil, underground water and surface water
Pollute, bring environmental risk.Risk size and its influence factor need scientific analysis, to take the measure of successfully managing.
But, the environmental risk influence factor of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is numerous, and analysis is difficult to comprehensively, and assay lacks unified standard.
The content of the invention
The problem of existing for prior art, the invention provides a kind of experiment of zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal release simulation
Method.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of experimental method of zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal release simulation, the zinc metallurgy tail
Ore in sand form heavy metal is extracted with Leaching Experiments method by extracting experimental simulation water logging, Leaching Experiments Simulated rainwater leaching, research refining
Zinc CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND Release of Heavy Metals；Learn that CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND has certain pH buffer capacities；The pH value pair of leaching liquor or leaching liquor
The dissolution of heavy metal Zn and heavy metal Pb has certain influence, and leaching liquor or leaching liquor pH value are too low, and the Zn and Pb of dissolution are more；
By improving the pollution that the pH value of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND prevents CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal transformation from being brought；PH=4 and pH=7 rainwater flood with
Rain leaching is compared, and the heavy metal Zn and heavy metal Pb that rainwater floods institute's dissolution are more, the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND huge sum of money that rain leaching is brought
Belong to Zn and heavy metal Pb dissolving migration is less.Conclusions reflect the environmental risk and its influence factor of zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, for refining
The environmental risk preventing and treating of zinc CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND provides foundation.There is provided a kind of experimental method of assay CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND environmental risk.
Further, the extraction experiment comprises the following steps：
Step one, two parts of 30g are weighed and adopt mixed soil sample in 500ml wide-mouth bottles, 300ml deionized waters and pH are added respectively
=4 leaching liquor, is placed in isothermal vibration case, 25 DEG C, vibrate under the conditions of 120r/min, 4,6,16,24,72,96, after 120 hours
Take out, stand 1h, take 40ml supernatant to determine pH value；
Step 2, separately takes 30g coarsenesses, middle granularity and each 30g of fine granularity soil sample in 500ml wide-mouth bottles respectively, identical
Under the conditions of vibration 4,6,16,24,72,96, suction filtration after 120 hours, cross 0.45 μm of film, take 10ml in 25ml volumetric flask, plus
Enter 0.5ml concentrated nitric acid, constant volume, with flame atomic absorption method check weighing tenor.
Further, the Leaching Experiments comprise the following steps：
The first step, different-grain diameter soil sample heavy metal release speed is different, adopts CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND based on fine granularity, therefore with
100-200 mesh samples do Leaching Experiments；
After second step, dress sample, first saturation, then the simulated rainfall by the way of interval leaching, every 24h leachings once, often
Secondary leaching is 50ml, equivalent to 25mm rainfalls, altogether leaching 32 days, adds up leaching 800mm, is dropped every year equivalent to Yunnan Province
The 50% of rainfall；
Indoor temperature is 15 ± 5 DEG C during 3rd step, leaching, and first 5 days, a sample is taken daily, is taken once within every three days afterwards
Sample, takes 4 times, then takes a sample within every 5 days within latter 15 days, takes 3 samples；Sample 12 times altogether.Collect every time and used pH after leachates immediately
Meter determines pH value and recorded；
4th step, is crossed after 0.45 μm of film, takes 10ml in 25ml volumetric flask, adds 0.5ml concentrated nitric acid, and constant volume is used
Flame atomic absorption method check weighing tenor.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are：By extracting experimental simulation water logging, Leaching Experiments Simulated rainwater leaching is ground
Study carefully zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND Release of Heavy Metals；It was found that：CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND has pH buffer capacities；Leaching liquor or leaching liquor pH value are lower,
The Zn and Pb of dissolution are more, therefore, it can by improving the dirt that the pH value of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND prevents CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal transformation from being brought
Dye；The heavy metal Zn and heavy metal Pb that rainwater floods dissolution are more, and both heavy metals dissolving migration caused by rain leaching
It is relatively fewer, therefore flooding causes the risk of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal dissolving migration bigger.
The rainwater of the different pH value of present invention simulation floods and rain leaching, as a result shows：
(1) CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND has certain pH buffer capacities.
(2) the pH value heavy metal Zn and heavy metal Pb of leaching liquor or leaching liquor dissolution have certain influence, leaching liquor
Or leaching liquor pH value is too low, the Zn and Pb of dissolution are more.It therefore, it can prevent a CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND huge sum of money by improving the pH value of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND
The brought pollution of category migration.
(3) pH=4 is flooded compared with rain leaching with pH=7 rainwater, rainwater flood the heavy metal Zn of institute's dissolution with again
Metal Pb is more.The CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal Zn that rain leaching is brought and heavy metal Pb dissolving migration are less.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal extraction provided in an embodiment of the present invention and Leaching Experiments method flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is leaching liquor pH value versus time curve schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the Zn concentration curve schematic diagrames that the embodiment of the present invention provides pH=4 leaching liquors.
Fig. 4 is the Zn concentration curve schematic diagrames of pH=7 leaching liquors provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the Pb concentration curve schematic diagrames of pH=4 leaching liquors provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the Pb concentration curve schematic diagrames of pH=7 leaching liquors provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is percolate pH value change curve schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the Zn concentration curve schematic diagrames of different pH value percolates provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the Pb concentration curve schematic diagrames of different pH value percolates provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
The present invention is by extracting experimental simulation water logging, by Leaching Experiments Simulated rainwater leaching, studies zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND weight
Metal release rule, foundation is provided to the Heavy Metal Pollution to Tailings Dam with management.
The application principle of the present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal provided in an embodiment of the present invention extraction and Leaching Experiments method include with
Lower step：
S101：Weigh two parts of 30g and adopt mixed soil sample in 500ml wide-mouth bottles, 300ml deionized waters and pH=are added respectively
4 leaching liquor (refer to Yunnan Province Acid Rain pH Value in: Atmospheric), is placed in isothermal vibration case, 25 DEG C, vibrate under the conditions of 120r/min, 4,6,
16th, 24,72,96, taken out after 120 hours, stand 1h, take about 40ml supernatant to determine pH value.It is another take respectively 30g coarsenesses,
Middle granularity and each 30g of fine granularity soil sample vibrate 4 in 500ml wide-mouth bottles, under the same terms, 6,16,24,72,96,120 hours
Suction filtration, crosses 0.45 μm of film afterwards, takes 10ml (remaining is returned in wide-mouth bottle) in 25ml volumetric flask, adds 0.5ml concentrated nitric acid,
Constant volume, with flame atomic absorption method check weighing tenor；
S102：Different-grain diameter soil sample heavy metal release speed is different, adopts CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND based on fine granularity, therefore with particulate
Degree (100-200 mesh) sample does Leaching Experiments.Fill after sample, first saturation, then the simulated rainfall by the way of interval leaching.Every
Once, each leaching is 50ml to 24h leachings, equivalent to 25mm rainfalls, and leaching 32 days, adds up leaching 800mm, quite altogether
In the 50% of the average annual rainfall in Yunnan Province.Indoor temperature is 15 ± 5 DEG C during leaching, first 5 days, a sample is taken daily, often afterwards
A sample is taken within three days, is taken 4 times, then a sample is taken within every 5 days within latter 15 days, takes 3 samples.Sample 12 times altogether.Leachates have been collected every time
Determine pH value with pH meter immediately afterwards and record, cross after 0.45 μm of film, taking 10ml, (remaining returns to wide-mouth bottle in 25ml volumetric flask
In), add 0.5ml concentrated nitric acid, constant volume, with flame atomic absorption method check weighing tenor.
The application principle of the present invention is further described with reference to experiment.
1 materials and methods
1.1 material
Laboratory sample (CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND) saves certain zinc ore company gone into operation from Yunnan Province of China.Sample is adopted at random, through nature
Air-dry, grind, be sieved into the soil sample of 3 kinds of different-grain diameters：10-20 mesh (abbreviation coarseness), 30-60 mesh (granularity in abbreviation),
100-200 mesh (abbreviation fine granularity)), through surveying, coarseness, middle granularity and fine granularity sample volume ratio are 3:1:6, illustrate the mine tailing
Sand is based on fine granularity.Table 1 is the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND Heavy Metals content, it is seen that the heavy metal in the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is with Zn and Pb contents
It is more.
Heavy Metals species and content (%) in the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND of table 1
1.2 extraction experiments
Weigh two parts of 30g and adopt mixed soil sample in 500ml wide-mouth bottles, 300ml deionized waters and pH=4 leaching are added respectively
Extract (refer to Yunnan Province Acid Rain pH Value in: Atmospheric), is placed in isothermal vibration case, 25 DEG C, vibrate under the conditions of 120r/min, 4,6,16,24,
72nd, 96, taken out after 120 hours, stand 1h, take about 40ml supernatant to determine pH value.Separately 30g coarsenesses, middle granularity are taken respectively
With each 30g of fine granularity soil sample in 500ml wide-mouth bottles, vibration 4, suction filtration after 6,16,24,72,96,120 hours under the same terms,
0.45 μm of film is crossed, 10ml (remaining is returned in wide-mouth bottle) in 25ml volumetric flask is taken, adds 0.5ml concentrated nitric acid, constant volume is used
Flame atomic absorption method check weighing tenor.
1.3 Leaching Experiments
Different-grain diameter soil sample heavy metal release speed is different, adopts CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND based on fine granularity, therefore with fine granularity
(100-200 mesh) sample does Leaching Experiments.Fill after sample, first saturation, then the simulated rainfall by the way of interval leaching.Every 24h
Once, each leaching is 50ml to leaching, equivalent to 25mm rainfalls, and leaching 32 days, adds up leaching 800mm altogether, equivalent to
The 50% of the average annual rainfall in Yunnan Province.Indoor temperature is 15 ± 5 DEG C during leaching, and first 5 days, a sample is taken daily, afterwards every three
It takes a sample, takes 4 times, then takes a sample within every 5 days within latter 15 days, takes 3 samples.Sample 12 times altogether.Collect every time after leachates
PH value being determined with pH meter immediately and being recorded, crossed after 0.45 μm of film, taking 10ml, (remaining returns to wide-mouth bottle in 25ml volumetric flask
In), add 0.5ml concentrated nitric acid, constant volume, with flame atomic absorption method check weighing tenor.
2 results are with discussing
2.1 extraction experiments
2.1.1 the pH value of leaching liquor
The leaching liquor pH value situation that changes with time is as shown in Figure 2.As seen from the figure, tail is extracted with pH=7 deionized water
Ore in sand form, leaching liquor pH value is fallen before, then is gone up, and is tended to be steady at pH=6；CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, extraction are extracted with pH=4 leaching liquor
Liquid pH value first rises, then has declined, and tends to steady equally at pH=6.This is S and alkaline matter synergy in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND
Result.When being extracted with pH=7 deionized water, the S in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is oxidized, and forming acid causes leaching liquor pH value to decline；
After the top layer S complete oxidations that can be oxidized in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, leaching liquor pH value no longer declines, and the alkaline leaching in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND
With after the acid formed in thing, pH value is set to have gone up, but because alkaline leaching thing is limited, it is stable at pH=6.With pH=4's
When leaching liquor is extracted, with acid leaching liquor in the alkaline leaching thing in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, raise leaching liquor pH value, the alkali that can be leached
Property material leach completely after, the pH value of leachate no longer rises, and the S in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is aoxidized and to be formed acid and make under leaching liquor pH value
Drop, after the S complete oxidations that top layer can be aoxidized in mine tailing, leaching liquor pH value tends towards stability.S and basic species in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND
Under matter synergy, after the leaching liquor extraction that pH=7 or 4 is added into CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, the pH value change of leaching liquor is little, is stable at
At 6, illustrate that CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND has buffer capacity.
1.2.2 the heavy metal concentration of leaching liquor
Respectively with the heavy metal Zn in pH=4 and pH=7 leaching liquor extraction CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, Zn change in concentration feelings in leaching liquor
Condition difference is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.From Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, different-grain diameter CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is extracted, leaching liquor Zn concentration is different, presents
Fine granularity>Middle granularity>The rule of coarseness.Extracted with pH=4 leaching liquor, in leaching liquor Zn concentration fall before again on
Rise, then stablize；Extracted with pH=7 leaching liquor, Zn concentration first rises in leaching liquor declines again, then stablizes.Contrast extraction
Liquid pH value situation of change, it is seen then that raised with leaching liquor pH value, Zn concentration declines in leaching liquor.Pb change in concentration feelings in leaching liquor
As shown in figs. 5 and 6, leaching liquor Pb concentration shows coarseness to condition>Middle granularity>Fine-grained rule.Zn concentration in leaching liquor
More than Pb concentration, illustrate in leaching process, Zn is easier release than Pb.Zn rates of release are very fast in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND, Zn in leaching liquor
Concentration can reach stabilization in 20 hours, and Pb rates of release are slower, and Pb concentration needs to reach for more than 80 hours in leaching liquor
To stabilization.
2.2 dynamic leaching
2.2.1 the pH value of percolate
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is through different pH value leaching liquor leachings, and the percolate pH value situation of change oozed out is as shown in Figure 5.Can by figure
See, although leaching liquor initial pH value is different, the percolate pH value produced through leaching changes little, illustrates that CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND has preferably
Cushioning effect.The percolate pH value produced with four kinds of different leaching liquor leaching CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SANDs of pH value, the leaching liquor leaching that pH value is 2
It is relatively low, decline in leaching process also more substantially, but decline seldom, it is stable at pH=5.The pH value of other three elite stand solution becomes
Change little.
2.2.2 the heavy metal concentration of percolate
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is through different pH value leaching liquor leachings, and heavy metal Zn change in concentration is as shown in Figure 8 in the percolate oozed out.Have
Figure is visible, and CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is through pH=4, and heavy metal Zn change in concentration is identical in the percolate that 6,7 leaching liquor leaching is obtained, with the time
Concentration is tapered into.Heavy metal Zn concentration is higher in the percolate that leaching liquor leaching through pH=2 is obtained, and first raises and omit again
There is decline.Illustrate that the heavy metal Zn of the dissolution under the leaching liquor leaching of low ph value is more.Heavy metal Pb change in concentration in percolate
As shown in Figure 9.Equally, heavy metal Pb concentration is higher in the percolate that pH=2 woods solution leaching is obtained, and first raises and slightly declines again
Then stablize in a certain concentration.Heavy metal Pb concentration is very through pH=4, in the percolate that 6,7 leaching liquor leaching is obtained for CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND
It is low, and do not change substantially.It is insoluble that this is due to that S oxidized formation H2SO4, H2SO4 and Pb in CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND is combined to form
Property compound, causes Pb stripping quantities very low.
The rainwater of the different pH value of present invention simulation floods and rain leaching, as a result shows：
(1) CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND has certain pH buffer capacities.
(2) the pH value heavy metal Zn and heavy metal Pb of leaching liquor or leaching liquor dissolution have certain influence, leaching liquor
Or leaching liquor pH value is too low, the Zn and Pb of dissolution are more.It therefore, it can prevent a CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND huge sum of money by improving the pH value of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND
The brought pollution of category migration.
(3) pH=4 is flooded compared with rain leaching with pH=7 rainwater, rainwater flood the heavy metal Zn of institute's dissolution with again
Metal Pb is more.The CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal Zn that rain leaching is brought and heavy metal Pb dissolving migration are less.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within refreshing and principle etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of experimental method of zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal release simulation, it is characterised in that the zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal
Extraction studies zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND weight with Leaching Experiments method by extracting experimental simulation water logging, Leaching Experiments Simulated rainwater leaching
Metal release rule；Learn that CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND has pH buffer capacities；Soak leaching liquor or leaching liquor pH value be too low, the Zn and Pb of dissolution compared with
It is many；By improving the pollution that the pH value of CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND prevents CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal transformation from being brought；PH=4 and pH=7 rainwater floods
Not compared with rain leaching, the heavy metal Zn and heavy metal Pb that rainwater floods institute's dissolution are more, the CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND that rain leaching is brought
Heavy metal Zn and heavy metal Pb dissolving migration are less.
2. zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal extraction as claimed in claim 1 and Leaching Experiments method, it is characterised in that the extraction
Experiment comprises the following steps：
Step one, two parts of 30g are weighed and adopt mixed soil sample in 500ml wide-mouth bottles, 300ml deionized waters and pH=4 are added respectively
Leaching liquor, be placed in isothermal vibration case, 25 DEG C, vibrate under the conditions of 120r/min, 4,6,16,24,72,96, take after 120 hours
Go out, stand 1h, take 40ml supernatant to determine pH value；
Step 2, separately takes 30g coarsenesses, middle granularity and each 30g of fine granularity soil sample in 500ml wide-mouth bottles, the same terms respectively
Lower vibration 4, suction filtration after 6,16,24,72,96,120 hours, cross 0.45 μm of film, take 10ml in 25ml volumetric flask, add
0.5ml concentrated nitric acid, constant volume, with flame atomic absorption method check weighing tenor.
3. zinc metallurgy CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND heavy metal extraction as claimed in claim 1 and Leaching Experiments method, it is characterised in that the leaching
Experiment comprises the following steps：
The first step, different-grain diameter soil sample heavy metal release speed is different, adopts CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND based on fine granularity, therefore with 100-
200 mesh samples do Leaching Experiments；
After second step, dress sample, first saturation, then the simulated rainfall by the way of interval leaching, drench every time every 24h leachings once
Molten amount is 50ml, equivalent to 25mm rainfalls, altogether leaching 32 days, adds up leaching 800mm, equivalent to the average annual rainfall in Yunnan Province
50%；
Indoor temperature is 15 ± 5 DEG C during 3rd step, leaching, and first 5 days, a sample is taken daily, a sample is taken within every three days afterwards, takes
4 times, then take a sample within every 5 days within latter 15 days, take 3 samples；Sample 12 times altogether, collected after leachates and determined immediately with pH meter every time
PH value is simultaneously recorded；
4th step, crosses after 0.45 μm of film, takes 10ml in 25ml volumetric flask, adds 0.5ml concentrated nitric acid, and constant volume uses flame
Atomic absorption method check weighing tenor.
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