CN107063842B - Material shear modulus measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents

Material shear modulus measuring device and measuring method Download PDF

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CN107063842B
CN107063842B CN201710029787.8A CN201710029787A CN107063842B CN 107063842 B CN107063842 B CN 107063842B CN 201710029787 A CN201710029787 A CN 201710029787A CN 107063842 B CN107063842 B CN 107063842B
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shear modulus
turntable
vernier
support
measuring device
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CN107063842A (en
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孟赟
常相辉
樊代和
刘其军
魏云
周贤永
苏启旺
贾欣燕
秦鹏程
宋世军
牟茁
邓文浩
周昊
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Xi'an Buenos Aires Electronic Automation Technology Co ltd
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces

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Abstract

The invention discloses a material shear modulus measuring device, which comprises a main base and an auxiliary base, wherein the main base is provided with a first support and a second support, the first support is provided with a fixed chuck, the second support is provided with a rotating chuck, two ends of a test piece are respectively connected with the fixed chuck and the rotating chuck, and the rotating chuck is connected with a loading arm; a clamping hoop push ring is sleeved on the test piece and connected with a connecting rod, and one end of the connecting rod penetrates through the first support and is connected with the rotating disc; a parallel light source pointing to the circle center of the rotating disc is arranged on the rotating disc; the auxiliary base is provided with a dial which is connected with the vernier turntable; the center of the vernier turntable is provided with a grating, and one side of the grating is provided with a telescope. The material shear modulus measuring device provided by the invention uses a method of controlling the light diffraction direction by deflecting the grating to amplify and read the tiny torsion angle which is difficult to measure, and further can be applied to the measurement of the shear modulus of the measured material.

Description

Material shear modulus measuring device and measuring method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material shear modulus measurement, and particularly relates to a material shear modulus measurement device and a measurement method.
Background
The shear modulus G of the material is a performance parameter for measuring the shear deformation resistance of the material and is one of the elastic constants of the material, and the performance parameter must be used when the rigidity of the torsion member is designed or checked in engineering practice. Based on the important position of the shear modulus in engineering technology, experiments for measuring the shear modulus of materials are provided in many industrial and scientific specialties of higher institutions.
At present, when measurement experiments are carried out in most universities and colleges, a torsion angle meter is generally adopted, and the displacement D passed by a pointer on a dial indicator of the torsion angle meter is divided by the distance gamma between an ejector rod of the dial indicator and a sample axis to obtain the relative torsion angle between sections
Figure BDA0001209022290000011
The shear modulus G of the material was then determined. The relative torsion angle of the sample material is tested in the online elastic range
Figure BDA0001209022290000012
The torsion angle gauge is small, the precision of the torsion angle gauge is not high, the stability is poor, large errors are easy to generate during reading, and high-precision measurement is difficult to realize.
The one-dimensional grating is widely applied to the field of micro-measurement, and can amplify and measure a micro angle which is difficult to measure according to the angle change relationship between incident light and diffracted light.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a material shear modulus measuring device and a measuring method based on grating diffraction.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a material shear modulus measuring device comprises a main base and an auxiliary base, wherein a first support and a second support are arranged on the main base, a fixed chuck is arranged on the first support, a rotating chuck is arranged on the second support, two ends of a test piece are respectively connected with the fixed chuck and the rotating chuck, and the rotating chuck is connected with a loading arm; a clamping hoop push ring is sleeved on the test piece and connected with a connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod penetrates through a first support to be connected with a rotating disc, and the connecting rod can rotate and axially move relative to the first support; a parallel light source pointing to the circle center of the rotating disc is arranged on the rotating disc; the auxiliary base is provided with a dial scale, the dial scale is connected with a vernier turntable, and the circle centers of the dial scale, the vernier turntable and a rotating disc are all positioned on the axis extension line of the test piece; a grating is arranged at the circle center of the vernier turntable, and light rays emitted by the parallel light source are intersected with the grating; one side of the grating is provided with a telescope, and the telescope and the parallel light source are positioned on the same straight line.
Preferably, the grating plane is perpendicular to the vernier dial, and the vernier dial is parallel to the rotating dial.
Preferably, the vernier dial can rotate around the circle center of the vernier dial.
Preferably, three positioning screws are arranged on the clamping hoop pushing ring at equal intervals.
Preferably, the rotating collet is rotatably coupled to the second bracket by a ball bearing.
Preferably, the second support is detachably connected with the main base.
Preferably, the first bracket is provided with a through hole for the connecting rod to pass through.
Preferably, two cursors are arranged on the cursor turntable, and the two cursors are arranged at symmetrical positions on the cursor turntable at an interval of 180 degrees.
Preferably, the visual field center of the telescope is provided with a horizontal cross wire.
A method for measuring shear modulus of a material, comprising the steps of:
s1, measuring the test piece, and calculating the polar inertia moment of the test piece
Figure BDA0001209022290000021
D is the diameter of the section of the test piece circle, the distance a from the end load of the loading arm to the center of the section of the test piece circle is measured, and the horizontal distance L from the clamp push ring to the fixed clamp is measured;
s2, turning on the parallel light source, rotating the rotating disc to make the k-th order diffraction light coincide with the horizontal cross filament in the telescope visual field, at this time, the parallel light source rotates by an angle theta:
Figure BDA0001209022290000022
where d is the grating constant and λ is the wavelength of the incident light from the collimated light source, the initial reading α of the vernier dial is read1；
S3, applying a proper downward force Δ F to the end load of the loading arm, twisting the specimen by the action of the negative torque Δ M ═ Δ Fa, and generating a relative twist angle between the cross sections
Figure BDA0001209022290000026
The clamp push ring fixedly clamped on the test piece drives the rotating disc and the parallel light source to rotate in an equivalent manner along with the relative torsion between the sections, and the kth-order diffraction light in the visual field of the telescope deviates from the horizontal cross filament position;
s4, rotating the cursor turntable along the direction of the force delta F to make the k-th order diffraction light coincide with the horizontal cross filament in the field of view of the telescope again, and reading α of the cursor turntable at the moment2Then the grating is rotated α degrees:
α＝α2-α1，
the relative torsion angle in step S3
Figure BDA0001209022290000023
According to
Figure BDA0001209022290000024
The expression for the resulting shear modulus is given as:
Figure BDA0001209022290000025
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the material shear modulus measuring device provided by the invention uses a method of controlling the light diffraction direction by deflecting the grating to amplify and read the tiny torsion angle which is difficult to measure, and further can be applied to the measurement of the shear modulus of the measured material; compared with the prior dial indicator, the device has the advantages of stability, high accuracy and convenience in reading.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shear modulus measuring device for a material according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the dial and cursor dial of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the field of view of the telescope of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the relative torsion angle of the sample obtained by selecting 546.1nm wavelength incident light, 100-line grating and 1 st-order diffraction light according to the present invention
Figure BDA0001209022290000031
Theoretical plot of grating rotation angle α.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a main base; 2. a sub-base; 3. a first bracket; 4. a second bracket; 5. rotating the chuck; 6. a loading arm; 7. a clamping and pushing ring; 8. a connecting rod; 9. rotating the disc; 10. a collimated light source; 11. a dial scale; 12. a vernier dial; 13. a grating; 14. a set screw; 15. a through hole; 16. and (4) iron wires.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments:
example one
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the material shear modulus measuring device provided by the present invention includes a main base 1 and a sub-base 2, wherein the main base 1 is provided with a first bracket 3 and a second bracket 4, the first bracket 3 and the second bracket 4 are opposite and parallel, the first bracket 3 is fixedly installed on the main base 1, and the second bracket 4 is detachably connected with the main base 1.
The first support 3 is provided with a fixed chuck, the second support 4 is provided with a rotating chuck 5, and the rotating chuck 5 is rotatably connected with the second support 4 through a ball bearing. The fixed chuck and the rotating chuck are arranged oppositely, two ends of the test piece are respectively connected with the fixed chuck and the rotating chuck 5, and the rotating chuck 5 is connected with the loading arm 6.
The test piece is sleeved with a clamp push ring 7, and three positioning screws 14 are equidistantly arranged on the clamp push ring 7 and used for clamping the test piece. The clamping and pushing ring 7 is connected with a connecting rod 8, one end of the connecting rod 8 penetrates through the first bracket 3 to be connected with a rotating disc 9, and the connecting rod 8 can rotate relative to the first bracket 3 and move along the axial direction of the connecting rod. The first support 3 is provided with a through hole 15 for the connecting rod 8 to pass through, and the through hole 15 is a circular hole or a kidney-shaped hole. In this embodiment, the number of the connecting rods is four.
The rotating disc 9 is provided with a parallel light source 10 with a slit pointing to the center of the rotating disc 9, and the parallel light source can be fixed on the rotating disc in a magnetic attraction or bonding mode.
The auxiliary base 2 is provided with a fixed dial 11, the dial 11 is connected with a vernier turntable 12, and the circle centers of the dial 11, the vernier turntable 12 and the rotating disc 9 are all located on the axis extension line of the test piece. The center of the vernier turntable 12 is provided with a grating 13, the vernier turntable 12 can rotate around the center of the vernier turntable, the grating plane is vertical to the vernier turntable 12, and the vernier turntable 12 is parallel to the rotating disc 9. There is a gap between the grating and the rotating disk, but the light from the collimated light source 10 intersects the grating 13 so that the light from the collimated light source can be incident on the grating perpendicularly or at an angle.
A telescope is arranged on one side of the grating 13, a horizontal cross wire is arranged at the center of the visual field of the telescope, and the telescope is used for observing the diffraction light of the grating. The telescope is positioned on the same line as the collimated light source 10, and the grating plane is perpendicular to the line.
A material shear modulus measuring method uses the material shear modulus measuring device, a test piece is a round iron wire 16, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring the iron wire and calculating the polar inertia moment of the iron wire
Figure BDA0001209022290000041
And D is the diameter of the circular section of the iron wire, the distance a from the end load position of the loading arm to the center of the circular section of the iron wire is measured, the second support is detached, the iron wire is arranged in the material shear modulus measuring device, the second support is arranged, the clamp push ring is moved to a proper position, the positioning screw is clamped, and the horizontal distance L from the clamp push ring to the fixed chuck is measured.
S2, turning on the parallel light source, and rotating the rotary disk to make the k-th order diffraction light coincide with the horizontal cross hair in the telescope visual field, as shown in FIG. 3. The collimated light source is rotated by an angle theta:
Figure BDA0001209022290000042
where d is the grating constant and λ is the wavelength of the incident light from the collimated light source, the initial reading α of the vernier dial is read1，k＝0，±1，±2，...
S3, when an appropriate downward force Δ F is applied to the end load of the loading arm, the wire is twisted by the negative torque Δ M ═ Δ Fa due to the dipole of the frictional resistance of the ball bearing, and the wire is twisted by the negative torque Δ M, so that a relative twist angle is formed between the cross sections
Figure BDA0001209022290000045
The clamp push ring fixedly clamped on the iron wire drives the rotating disc and the parallel light source to rotate in equal quantity along with the relative torsion between the sections, the incident light of the parallel light source rotates in a tiny angle relative to the initial state, and the kth-order diffraction light in the visual field of the telescope deviates from the horizontal cross filament position;
s4, rotating the cursor turntable along the direction of the force delta F to make the k-th order diffraction light coincide with the horizontal cross filament in the field of view of the telescope again, and reading α of the cursor turntable at the moment2Then the grating is rotated α degrees:
α＝α2-α1，
the relative torsion angle in step S3
Figure BDA0001209022290000043
According to
Figure BDA0001209022290000044
The expression for the resulting shear modulus is given as:
Figure BDA0001209022290000051
FIG. 4 shows the relative twist angle obtained by selecting 546.1nm wavelength incident light, 100-line grating, and 1 st order diffraction light
Figure BDA0001209022290000052
It can be seen from the figure that if the wire relative torsion angle is 5', it needs to rotate the grating by about 11 ° to ensure that the diffracted light is at the original position.
Example two
The material shear modulus measuring device in the embodiment is used for eliminating the eccentric difference caused by the rotation of the vernier dial. On the basis of the material shear modulus measuring device in the first implementation, two cursors are arranged on the cursor turntable 12, and the two cursors are arranged at symmetrical positions on the cursor turntable 12 which are separated by 180 degrees.
A method for measuring the shear modulus of a material, which uses the device provided by the embodiment to measure the shear modulus of the material, and a test piece is a round iron wire 16, comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring the iron wire and calculating the polar inertia moment of the iron wire
Figure BDA0001209022290000053
And D is the diameter of the circular section of the iron wire, the distance a from the end load position of the loading arm to the center of the circular section of the iron wire is measured, the second support is detached, the iron wire is arranged in the material shear modulus measuring device, the second support is arranged, the clamp push ring is moved to a proper position, the positioning screw is clamped, and the horizontal distance L from the clamp push ring to the fixed chuck is measured.
S2, turning on the parallel light source, and rotating the rotary disk to make the k-th order diffraction light coincide with the horizontal cross hair in the telescope visual field, as shown in FIG. 3. The collimated light source is rotated by an angle theta:
Figure BDA0001209022290000054
wherein d is a grating constant, λ is the wavelength of incident light emitted from the parallel light source, and initial readings α of two cursors at positions 180 degrees apart from the cursor turntable are read1And α1′，k＝0，±1，±2，...
S3, when an appropriate downward force Δ F is applied to the end load of the loading arm, the wire is twisted by the negative torque Δ M ═ Δ Fa due to the dipole of the frictional resistance of the ball bearing, and the wire is twisted by the negative torque Δ M, so that a relative twist angle is formed between the cross sections
Figure BDA0001209022290000055
The clamp push ring fixedly clamped on the iron wire drives the rotating disc and the parallel light source to rotate in equal quantity along with the relative torsion between the sections, the incident light of the parallel light source rotates in a tiny angle relative to the initial state, and the kth-order diffraction light in the visual field of the telescope deviates from the horizontal cross filament position;
s4, rotating the cursor turntable along the direction of the force delta F to make the kth order diffraction light coincide with the horizontal cross filament in the telescope visual field again, and reading α of two cursors which are respectively 180 degrees apart at the moment2And α2', the grating is rotated α degrees:
Figure BDA0001209022290000061
the relative torsion angle in step S3
Figure BDA0001209022290000062
According to
Figure BDA0001209022290000063
The expression for the resulting shear modulus is given as:
Figure BDA0001209022290000064
it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A material shear modulus measuring device, characterized in that: the device comprises a main base (1) and an auxiliary base (2), wherein a first support (3) and a second support (4) are arranged on the main base (1), a fixed chuck is arranged on the first support (3), a rotating chuck (5) is arranged on the second support (4), the rotating chuck (5) is rotatably connected with the second support (4) through a ball bearing, two ends of a test piece are respectively connected with the fixed chuck and the rotating chuck (5), and the rotating chuck (5) is connected with a loading arm (6);
a clamping hoop push ring (7) is sleeved on the test piece, the clamping hoop push ring (7) is connected with a connecting rod (8), one end of the connecting rod (8) penetrates through the first support (3) to be connected with a rotating disc (9), and the connecting rod (8) can rotate and axially move relative to the first support (3); a parallel light source (10) pointing to the circle center of the rotating disc (9) is arranged on the rotating disc (9);
the auxiliary base (2) is provided with a dial (11), the dial (11) is connected with a vernier turntable (12), and the circle centers of the dial (11), the vernier turntable (12) and the rotating disc (9) are all positioned on the axial line extension line of the test piece; a grating (13) is arranged at the circle center of the vernier turntable (12), and light rays emitted by the parallel light source (10) are intersected with the grating (13); one side of the grating (13) is provided with a telescope, and the telescope and the parallel light source (10) are positioned on the same straight line.
2. The material shear modulus measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grating plane is vertical to the vernier turntable (12), and the vernier turntable (12) is parallel to the rotating disc (9).
3. The material shear modulus measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vernier turntable (12) can rotate around the circle center of the vernier turntable.
4. The material shear modulus measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: three positioning screws (14) are equidistantly arranged on the clamping hoop push ring (7).
5. The material shear modulus measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotating chuck (5) is rotatably connected with the second bracket (4) through a ball bearing.
6. The material shear modulus measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second support (4) is detachably connected with the main base (1).
7. The material shear modulus measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a through hole (15) for the connecting rod (8) to pass through is arranged on the first support (3).
8. The material shear modulus measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: two cursors are arranged on the vernier turntable (12), and are arranged at symmetrical positions on the vernier turntable (12) at an interval of 180 degrees.
9. The material shear modulus measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a horizontal cross wire is arranged at the center of the visual field of the telescope.
10. A material shear modulus measuring method based on the material shear modulus measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, measuring the test piece, and calculating the polar inertia moment of the test piece
Figure FDA0002433248460000011
Wherein D is the diameter of the circular section of the test piece, and the end part load part of the loading arm is measuredMeasuring the horizontal distance L from the clamp push ring to the fixed chuck at a distance a from the center of the circular section of the test piece;
s2, turning on the parallel light source, rotating the rotating disc to make the k-th order diffraction light coincide with the horizontal cross filament in the telescope visual field, at this time, the parallel light source rotates by an angle theta:
Figure FDA0002433248460000021
where d is the grating constant and λ is the wavelength of the incident light from the collimated light source, the initial reading α of the vernier dial is read1；
S3, applying a proper downward force Δ F to the end load of the loading arm, twisting the specimen by the action of the negative torque Δ M ═ Δ Fa, and generating a relative twist angle between the cross sections
Figure FDA0002433248460000022
The clamp push ring fixedly clamped on the test piece drives the rotating disc and the parallel light source to rotate in an equivalent manner along with the relative torsion between the sections, and the kth-order diffraction light in the visual field of the telescope deviates from the horizontal cross filament position;
s4, rotating the cursor turntable along the direction of the force delta F to make the k-th order diffraction light coincide with the horizontal cross filament in the field of view of the telescope again, and reading α of the cursor turntable at the moment2Then the grating is rotated α degrees:
α＝α2-α1，
the relative torsion angle in step S3
Figure FDA0002433248460000023
According to
Figure FDA0002433248460000024
The expression for the resulting shear modulus is given as:
Figure FDA0002433248460000025
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US20040057049A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-03-25 Applied Photonics Worldwide, Inc. Micromechanical monochromator with integrated slit aperture for microspectrometers in the UV, visible and infrared range
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