CN107058942A - A kind of vacuum machine can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer - Google Patents
A kind of vacuum machine can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN107058942A CN107058942A CN201610894413.8A CN201610894413A CN107058942A CN 107058942 A CN107058942 A CN 107058942A CN 201610894413 A CN201610894413 A CN 201610894413A CN 107058942 A CN107058942 A CN 107058942A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/52—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation more than one element being diffused in one step
- C23C10/54—Diffusion of at least chromium
- C23C10/56—Diffusion of at least chromium and at least aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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Abstract
The invention belongs to mechanical energy aided diffusion field, more particularly to a kind of vacuum machine can help zincizing aluminum chromium layer and preparation method thereof.By adding chromium in diffusion medium, to change existing mechanical energy aided diffusion zinc-aluminized layer tissue structure.Chromium is the element that a kind of institutional framework tool to steel has a significant impact, due to the presence of chromium, change the tissue growth of zinc-aluminium layer, the mechanical energy aided diffusion zinc-aluminized layer close with mechanical energy aided diffusion zinc layers tissue is changed into multilayer permeation layer tissue, and it is even closer, firm to combine it, material against oxidative, corrosion resistance, which have, to be significantly improved.Chromium is solid-solution in infiltration layer simultaneously, plays solution strengthening effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical energy aided diffusion field, more particularly to a kind of vacuum machine can help zincizing aluminum chromium layer and its system
Preparation Method.
Background technology
Mechanical energy aided diffusion is 1990s new surface treatment technologies developing first of China.It utilizes motion
Powder particle impacts heated workpiece surface, and motion (mechanical energy) activated surface lattice atoms of particle form room, reduction
Diffusion activation energy, is changed into lattice defect diffusion by the dot matrix diffusion that pure thermal expansion is oozed, so as to be greatly lowered diffusion temperature, shortens
Diffusion time, energy-saving effect is very notable, and improves product quality.In the research of mechanical energy aided diffusion, bag has been developed
Include mechanical energy aided diffusion zinc, mechanical energy aided diffusion aluminium etc. is a variety of to help cementation process.Wherein replacement galvanizing in part is obtained mechanical energy aided diffusion zinc
Obtain relatively broad application.And mechanical energy aided diffusion aluminium by aluminising temperature by 900-1050 DEG C of conventional powder aluminising, be reduced to
440-600 DEG C, expansion oozes the time by 8-20h, shortens to 1-4h, not only saves, and product is had excellent resistance to high temperature oxidation
Property and corrosion resistance.With science and technology and industrial expansion, originally penetrating into the infiltration layer obtained by single-element can not expire completely
Foot is required, and polynary element permeation can not only give full play to the respective advantage of single-element, and can also impart to metal material
Surface is with new better performance.Wherein mechanical energy helps zinc-aluminized to be studied, then in existing research, the zinc of acquisition
Aluminium permeation layer tissue is close with zinc coat, and infiltration layer is mainly mutually FeZn4, compared with mechanical energy aided diffusion zinc, performance, which is improved, not to be shown
Write.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the microstructure and alloy-layer performance for significantly improving mechanical energy aided diffusion allumen layer,
The present invention, which provides a kind of vacuum machine, can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer.
The present invention is to realize above-mentioned technical purpose by following technological means.
A kind of vacuum machine can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer, comprise the following steps：
(1) raw material are carried out to grinding process, alkali cleaning processing, pickling processes, drying processing successively, drying box is then put into
It is standby.
(2) the diffusion medium powder of good following percentage by weight is weighed in proportion：Zinc powder 3-10%, aluminium powder 15-25%, chromium powder
4%-12%, ammonium chloride 1-2%, surplus are filler alumina powder.
(3) at room temperature, it is the diffusion medium powder of step (2) is well mixed, diffusion medium is made.
(4) diffusion medium of the raw material of step (1) and step (3) is total to by loading multi-element metal together with certain volume ratio
In the roller for oozing stove, wherein roller reserves 1/3 volume.
(5) after filling is finished, the drum cover of step (4) is covered tightly and vacuum is evacuated to mechanical pump, turns off vacuum valve, is passed through
Inert gas, 3-5 times repeatedly, finally vacuumizes, then seals；
(6) turn on the power switch, the roller of step (5) is heated up and with certain rotational speed, treat that temperature reaches setting
Start timing during temperature, stop heating after insulation a period of time and rotate.
(7) cool to the sample of step (6) with the furnace room temperature, then take out sample.
In the step (1), raw material are mild steel.
Grinding process：By raw material successively using 400# to 2000# sand paper polish, then using clear water, absolute ethyl alcohol according to
It is secondary to clean up.
Alkali cleaning is handled：15wt% NaOH solution is heated to 80-90 DEG C, then the sample after grinding process is put into
Alkali cleaning 4-5min, then takes out in the solution, is cleaned up using clear water.
Pickling processes：Sample after alkali cleaning is handled puts pickling 2-3min, Ran Houqu in 15wt% HCl solution into
Go out, it is clean using clear water, washes of absolute alcohol successively.
Drying is handled：Sample after pickling processes is dried up using cold wind.
In the step (2), zinc powder, aluminium powder, chromium powder, alumina powder are 200 mesh, the equal ＞ 99.5wt.% of purity, chlorination
Ammonium is 100 mesh, and purity is technical pure.
In the step (4), sample is 1 with diffusion medium volume ratio:4.
In the step (5), inert gas is argon gas.
In the step (6), drum rotation speed is 13-15r/min, and design temperature is 560-600 DEG C, soaking time 3-4h.
Using SEM-EDS means, pattern and constituent analysis are carried out to the sample infiltration layer of step (7), so as to study infiltration layer
Microstructure and alloy-layer performance.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) by adding chromium in diffusion medium, to change existing mechanical energy aided diffusion zinc-aluminized layer tissue structure.Chromium is one
The element having a significant impact to the institutional framework tool of steel is planted, due to the presence of chromium, the tissue growth of zinc-aluminium layer is changed, will be with machine
The mechanical energy aided diffusion zinc-aluminized layer that tool can help zincizing layer tissue close is changed into multilayer permeation layer tissue, and it is combined more
Closely, firmly, material against oxidative, corrosion resistance have and significantly improved.Chromium is solid-solution in infiltration layer simultaneously, plays solution strengthening work
With.
(2) by controlling the content of chromium in diffusion medium, different diffusion layer organizations can be obtained.For example：- the Fe of α containing zinc, Γ
(Fe3Zn10)、FeAl、Fe2Al5、δ(FeZn7) etc. infiltration layer.Scanned electronic microscope photos is found, in these infiltration layers, except α containing zinc-
Outside Fe transition zones, aluminium, zinc are all that, to exist with the compound form of iron, and Cr elements are then mostly to be solid-solution between the metal of each layer
Form in compound is present, and does not find the phenomenon of Cr enrichment of element.Therefore this institutional framework substantially reduces infiltration layer and base
Potential difference between body, plays Pleiotropic Protections.And zinc-aluminized layer has good adhesive force with matrix, substantially increases
The combination property such as material anti scuffing, anticorrosive.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that vacuum machine energy penetration-assisting agent proportioning is Al2O3- 3%Zn-19%Al-4%Cr-1%NH4Cl ESEM
Photo.
Fig. 2 is that vacuum machine energy penetration-assisting agent proportioning is Al2O3- 10%Zn-15%Al-8%Cr-1%NH4Cl scanning electricity
Mirror photo.
Fig. 3 is that vacuum machine energy penetration-assisting agent proportioning is Al2O3- 7%Zn-25%Al-12%Cr-2%NH4Cl scanning electricity
Mirror photo.
Above-mentioned content is weight percent content.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
In order to meet and adapt to the requirement in general industry production, the general steel of mild steel 20 is used in this experiment as metal
Matrix material, 15mm × 15mm × 3mm specification is processed into using wire cutting machine.
(1) 20 steel are carried out successively grinding process (400# to 2000# sand paper polish, then using clear water, absolute ethyl alcohol according to
It is secondary to clean up), alkali cleaning processing (15% NaOH solution is heated to 80-90 DEG C using alcolhol burner, then by grinding process it
Sample afterwards puts alkali cleaning 4-5min in the solution into, then takes out and is cleaned up using clear water), pickling processes (handle alkali cleaning
Sample afterwards puts pickling 2-3min in 15% HCl solution into, then takes out, and is done successively using clear water, washes of absolute alcohol
Only), drying processing (drying up the sample after pickling processes using cold wind), is then put into drying box standby.
(2) the diffusion medium powder of good following percentage by weight is weighed in proportion：Zinc powder 3%, aluminium powder 19%, chromium powder 4%, chlorine
It is filler alumina powder to change ammonium 1%, surplus；Wherein zinc powder, aluminium powder, chromium powder, alumina powder are 200 mesh, and purity is
99.7wt.%.Ammonium chloride is 100 mesh, and purity is technical pure；
(3) at room temperature, the diffusion medium powder of step (2) is well mixed in big glass jar, diffusion medium is made.
(4) 20 steel of step (1) and the diffusion medium of step (3) are pressed 1:4 volume ratio loads multi-element metal permeation together
In the roller of stove, wherein roller reserves 1/3 volume.
(5) after filling is finished, the drum cover of step (4) is covered tightly and vacuum is evacuated to mechanical pump, turns off vacuum valve, is passed through
Argon gas, 3-5 times repeatedly, finally vacuumizes, then seals.
(6) turn on the power switch, the roller of step (5) is heated up and with 13r/min rotational speed, treat that temperature reaches
Start to stop heating after timing, insulation 4h at 560 DEG C and rotate；
(7) cool to the sample of step (6) with the furnace room temperature, then take out sample.
The vacuum machine energy penetration-assisting agent proportioning obtained by above-mentioned steps is Al2O3- 3%Zn-19%Al-4%Cr-1%
NH4Cl stereoscan photograph is as shown in Figure 1, it can be seen that be followed successively by-the Fe of α containing zinc, Γ (Fe outward by matrix3Zn10)、
FeAl、Fe2Al5Layer.Wherein higher-the Fe of α containing zinc of Zn content, are distributed in-the Fe of α containing zinc, Γ (Fe3Zn10), in FeAl infiltration layers.Its
Middle FeAl layers staggeredly enters Fe2Al5Layer, is tightly combined.The shape of Cr elements then mostly to be solid-solution in the intermetallic compound of each layer
Formula is present, and does not find the enrichment of Cr elements.Whole alloying layer thickness is about 95 μm.This sandwich construction and existing research phase
Than substantially increasing the combination property such as material anti scuffing, anticorrosive.
Embodiment 2
In order to meet and adapt to the requirement in general industry production, the general steel of mild steel 20 is used in this experiment as metal
Matrix material, 15mm × 15mm × 3mm specification is processed into using wire cutting machine.
(1) 20 steel are carried out successively grinding process (400# to 2000# sand paper polish, then using clear water, absolute ethyl alcohol according to
It is secondary to clean up), alkali cleaning processing (15% NaOH solution is heated to 80-90 DEG C using alcolhol burner, then by grinding process it
Sample afterwards puts alkali cleaning 4-5min in the solution into, then takes out and is cleaned up using clear water), pickling processes (handle alkali cleaning
Sample afterwards puts pickling 2-3min in 15% HCl solution into, then takes out, and is done successively using clear water, washes of absolute alcohol
Only), drying processing (drying up the sample after pickling processes using cold wind), is then put into drying box standby.
(2) the diffusion medium powder of good following percentage by weight is weighed in proportion：Zinc powder 10%, aluminium powder 15%, chromium powder 8%,
Ammonium chloride 1%, surplus are filler alumina powder；Wherein zinc powder, aluminium powder, chromium powder, alumina powder are 200 mesh, and purity is
99.7wt.%.Ammonium chloride is 100 mesh, and purity is technical pure.
(3) at room temperature, the diffusion medium powder of step (2) is well mixed in big glass jar, diffusion medium is made；
(4) 20 steel of step (1) and the diffusion medium of step (3) are pressed 1:4 volume ratio loads multi-element metal permeation together
In the roller of stove, wherein roller reserves 1/3 volume.
(5) after filling is finished, the drum cover of step (4) is covered tightly and vacuum is evacuated to mechanical pump, turns off vacuum valve, is passed through
Argon gas, 3-5 times repeatedly, finally vacuumizes, then seals.
(6) turn on the power switch, the roller of step (5) is heated up and with 15r/min rotational speed, treat that temperature reaches
Start to stop heating after timing, insulation 3h at 580 DEG C and rotate.
(7) cool to the sample of step (6) with the furnace room temperature, then take out sample.
The vacuum machine energy penetration-assisting agent proportioning obtained by above-mentioned steps is Al2O3- 10%Zn-15%Al-8%Cr-1%
NH4Cl stereoscan photograph as shown in Fig. 2 with the increase of chromium ratio in diffusion medium, be followed successively by outward from matrix α containing zinc-
Fe、Γ(Fe3Zn10)、FeAl、δ(FeZn7) layer, the wherein higher-Fe of α containing zinc of Zn content are distributed in the-Fe of α containing zinc, Γ
(Fe3Zn10), in FeAl infiltration layers.It can be seen that FeAl layers are thickening, and Fe2Al5Layer disappears, and occurs new δ in outer layer
(FeZn7) layer.Wherein in Γ (Fe3Zn10) layer is close to FeAl layers of vicinity, zinc content is slightly higher.Whole alloying layer thickness is about 95 μm.
In this four layers of infiltration layers, in addition to-Fe the transition zones of α containing zinc, aluminium, zinc are all and the Cr elements to exist with the compound form of iron
Exist still in the form of in the intermetallic compound for being solid-solution in each layer, without Cr enrichment of element phenomenons.This Multi-level Organization Structure
The potential difference between infiltration layer and matrix is substantially reduced, so as to play Pleiotropic Protections.
Embodiment 3
In order to meet and adapt to the requirement in general industry production, the general steel of mild steel 20 is used in this experiment as metal
Matrix material, 15mm × 15mm × 3mm specification is processed into using wire cutting machine.
(1) 20 steel are carried out successively grinding process (400# to 2000# sand paper polish, then using clear water, absolute ethyl alcohol according to
It is secondary to clean up), alkali cleaning processing (15% NaOH solution is heated to 80-90 DEG C using alcolhol burner, then by grinding process it
Sample afterwards puts alkali cleaning 4-5min in the solution into, then takes out and is cleaned up using clear water), pickling processes (handle alkali cleaning
Sample afterwards puts pickling 2-3min in 15% HCl solution into, then takes out, and is done successively using clear water, washes of absolute alcohol
Only), drying processing (drying up the sample after pickling processes using cold wind), is then put into drying box standby.
(2) the diffusion medium powder of good following percentage by weight is weighed in proportion：Zinc powder 7%, aluminium powder 25%, chromium powder 12%,
Ammonium chloride 2%, surplus are filler alumina powder；Wherein zinc powder, aluminium powder, chromium powder, alumina powder are 200 mesh, and purity is
99.7wt.%.Ammonium chloride is 100 mesh, and purity is technical pure.
(3) at room temperature, the diffusion medium powder of step (2) is well mixed in big glass jar, diffusion medium is made.
(4) 20 steel of step (1) and the diffusion medium of step (3) are pressed 1:4 volume ratio loads multi-element metal permeation together
In the roller of stove, wherein roller reserves 1/3 volume.
(5) after filling is finished, the drum cover of step (4) is covered tightly and vacuum is evacuated to mechanical pump, turns off vacuum valve, is passed through
Argon gas, 3-5 times repeatedly, finally vacuumizes, then seals；
(6) turn on the power switch, step (5) roller is heated up and with 13r/min rotational speed, treat that temperature reaches 600
DEG C when start timing, stop heating after insulation 3h and rotate.
(7) cool to the sample of step (6) with the furnace room temperature, then take out sample.
The vacuum machine energy penetration-assisting agent proportioning obtained by above-mentioned steps is Al2O3- 7%Zn-25%Al-12%Cr-2%
NH4Cl stereoscan photograph as shown in figure 3, with the continuation increase of chromium ratio in diffusion medium, being followed successively by and containing outward from matrix
Zinc α-Fe, Γ (Fe3Zn10)、δ(FeZn7)、FeAl、δ(FeZn7) layer, the wherein higher-Fe of α containing zinc of Zn content are distributed in whole
In infiltration layer.It can be seen that FeAl layers of thinning and frustillatum, δ (FeZn7) layer continues to grow up, and is distributed in FeAl layers
Around.Cr elements exist still in the form of in the intermetallic compound for being solid-solution in each layer, and whole alloying layer thickness is about 95 μm.This
Planting multilayer co-penetration layer and matrix has good adhesive force, substantially increases the combination property such as material anti scuffing, anticorrosive.
For the present invention preferred embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment to the embodiment, not
In the case of the substantive content of the present invention, any conspicuously improved, replacement that those skilled in the art can make
Or modification belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of vacuum machine can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer, it is characterised in that：By adding chromium in diffusion medium,
To change mechanical energy aided diffusion zinc-aluminized layer tissue structure, by the mechanical energy aided diffusion zinc-aluminium close with mechanical energy aided diffusion zinc layers tissue
Co-penetration layer is changed into multilayer permeation layer tissue, and it is even closer, firm to combine it, and material against oxidative, corrosion resistance have
Significantly improve, while chromium is solid-solution in infiltration layer, play solution strengthening effect.
2. a kind of vacuum machine as claimed in claim 1 can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer, it is characterised in that：Institute
Multilayer permeation layer tissue is stated to refer to comprising-the Fe of α containing zinc, Γ (Fe3Zn10)、FeAl、Fe2Al5、δ(FeZn7) including multilayer co-penetration layer
Tissue.
3. a kind of vacuum machine as claimed in claim 1 can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer, it is characterised in that tool
Body step is as follows：
(1) raw material are carried out to grinding process, alkali cleaning processing, pickling processes, drying processing successively, drying box are then put into standby
With；
(2) the diffusion medium powder of good following percentage by weight is weighed in proportion：Zinc powder 3-10%, aluminium powder 15-25%, chromium powder 4%-
12%th, ammonium chloride 1-2%, surplus are filler alumina powder；
(3) at room temperature, it is the diffusion medium powder of step (2) is well mixed, diffusion medium is made；
(4) diffusion medium of the raw material of step (1) and step (3) is loaded into multi-element metal permeation stove by together with certain volume ratio
Roller in, the wherein volume of roller reserved 1/3；
(5) after filling is finished, the drum cover of step (4) is covered tightly and vacuum is evacuated to mechanical pump, turns off vacuum valve, is passed through inertia
Gas, 3-5 times repeatedly, finally vacuumizes, then seals；
(6) turn on the power switch, the roller of step (5) is heated up and with certain rotational speed, treat that temperature reaches design temperature
When start timing, stop heating after insulation a period of time and rotate；
(7) cool to the sample of step (6) with the furnace room temperature, then take out sample.
4. a kind of vacuum machine as claimed in claim 3 can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in step (1), raw material are mild steel；Grinding process：Raw material are polished using 400# to 2000# sand paper successively, then
Cleaned up successively using clear water, absolute ethyl alcohol；Alkali cleaning is handled：15wt% NaOH solution is heated to 80-90 DEG C, then will
Sample after grinding process puts alkali cleaning 4-5min in the solution into, then takes out, is cleaned up using clear water；Pickling processes：
Sample after alkali cleaning is handled puts pickling 2-3min in 15wt% HCl solution into, then takes out, successively using clear water, nothing
Water-ethanol is cleaned up；Drying is handled：Sample after pickling processes is done using wind.
5. a kind of vacuum machine as claimed in claim 3 can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in step (2), zinc powder, aluminium powder, chromium powder, alumina powder are 200 mesh, and the equal ＞ 99.5wt.% of purity, ammonium chloride is 100 mesh,
Purity is technical pure.
6. a kind of vacuum machine as claimed in claim 3 can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in step (4), sample is 1 with diffusion medium volume ratio:4.
7. a kind of vacuum machine as claimed in claim 3 can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in step (5), inert gas is argon gas.
8. a kind of vacuum machine as claimed in claim 3 can help the preparation method of zincizing aluminum chromium layer, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in step (6), drum rotation speed is 13-15r/min, design temperature is 560-600 DEG C, soaking time 3-4h.
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| CN111621737A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-09-04 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 | Multi-element powder co-permeation agent and application thereof |
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| CN112195437A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-08 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Aluminum-chromium co-permeation agent and application thereof |
| CN114574801A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-03 | 福建宏贯路桥防腐科技股份有限公司 | Novel multi-element alloy co-permeation agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN114639540A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-17 | 太原理工大学 | Neodymium iron boron permanent magnet surface copper-infiltrated layer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114774843A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-07-22 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 | Zn-Al-Cu-Ni-Bi multi-element powder co-permeation agent and application thereof |
| CN114836713A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-08-02 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 | Zn-Al-Cr-Bi multi-element powder co-permeation agent and application thereof |
| CN114774843B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2023-06-20 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 | Zn-Al-Cu-Ni-Bi multi-element powder co-penetrating agent and application thereof |
| CN114836713B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2023-06-20 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 | Zn-Al-Cr-Bi multi-element powder co-penetrating agent and application thereof |
| CN112195437A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-08 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Aluminum-chromium co-permeation agent and application thereof |
| CN112195437B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-10-18 | 中国航发南方工业有限公司 | Aluminum-chromium co-permeation agent and application thereof |
| CN114639540A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-17 | 太原理工大学 | Neodymium iron boron permanent magnet surface copper-infiltrated layer and preparation method thereof |
| CN114574801A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-03 | 福建宏贯路桥防腐科技股份有限公司 | Novel multi-element alloy co-permeation agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN114574801B (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2024-06-11 | 福建宏贯路桥防腐科技股份有限公司 | Multicomponent alloy co-permeation agent and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20170818 |