A kind of method that low temperature concentrated solution method directly granulates production ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer
Technical field
The invention belongs to slow-release compound fertilizer field, delay in particular it relates to which low temperature concentrated solution method directly granulates production ureaformaldehyde
The method for releasing composite fertilizer, moreover, it relates to the ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer prepared by the inventive method.
Background technology
Ureaformaldehyde is a kind of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of urea and formaldehyde condensation, and it is using urea and formaldehyde to be main former that it, which is synthesized,
Material, occurs addition reaction in the basic conditions first, then occurs condensation reaction through acid medium, that is, generates ureaformaldehyde.Addition is anti-
Under the conditions of answering, urea and Formaldehyde Production methylolurea, under the conditions of condensation reaction, urea further reacts with methylolurea, generation
The agroform of different molecular weight, so that with certain sustained release performance.
According to the dissolubility in reaction product reclaimed water, ureaformaldehyde different component can be divided into cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen (CWIN),
Hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen (HWIN) and sustained release available nitrogen (SAN, only hot water soluble nitrogen) etc., this several component has not respectively in soil
The same resolving time, so as to reach the effect that nitrogen slowly discharges.The different molecular weight and its solubility for forming polymer are gentle
Nitrogen content index is released, depending on mol ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and pH value during reaction etc..
Ureaformaldehyde production technology and compound fertilizer production technology are combined by ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer, by ureaformaldehyde with
Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and synergy micro- in other, different types of nutrient is provided for crop, and different
The nitrogen nutrient of sustained release performance, reduces the amount of application of fertilizer, and drastically increases the utilization rate of fertilizer, is a kind of development prospect
Wide fertilizer variety.
Traditional ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer production mainly has two ways:
One kind is to utilize weak solution method, the ureaformaldehyde of synthesis separates, dried by this method from solution, it is broken after, then with
Other composite fertilizer materials are granulated together.The ureaformaldehyde slow release fertilizer that this mode is produced, product quality is easily controllable but dilute
Solwution method ureaformaldehyde complex process, many equipment, long flow path, investment and production cost are of a relatively high, under current market condition,
Product is difficult to a wide range of popularization and application.
It is another be utilize concentrated solution method, the ureaformaldehyde solution of synthesis is injected directly into comminutor, with composite fertilizer its
He is granulated raw material, and this method cost is low, but because urea and formaldehyde reaction speed are fast, quality is difficult to control to, and is easily delayed
Release the low situation of effective nitrogen content, it is impossible to reach the slow release effect of ureaformaldehyde.
Existing ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer production method has carried out many improvement to conventional method.Patent
201310457291.2 disclose a kind of mixing granulation method of ureaformaldehyde and azophoska, using the mode of extruder grain, enter
The production of row ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer.Patent 201410191821.8 discloses a kind of producer of ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer
Method, is added formaldehyde into urea, MAP, the slurry of potash fertilizer formation, reacted to obtain ureaformaldehyde composite fertilizer slurry, then is beaten
Enter and granulated into spray granulation drier, obtain ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer.Patent 201110088327.5 is disclosed
A kind of production method of novel slow release urea-formaldehyde compound fertilizer, ureaformaldehyde slurry is added in potassium acid sulfate slurry, neutralized with ammonia
Afterwards, the slurry-spraying pelletizing in comminutor.
Although the above method can carry out the production of ureaformaldehyde slow release fertilizer, there are following serious problems:Extruder grain
The product that mode is produced, particle appearance is uneven, second-rate, be unfavorable for mechanization administration;To form slurry with fertilizer material
The production that slurry-spraying pelletizing is carried out afterwards, because slurry temperature is high, pH amplitudes of variation are big, the reaction speed of ureaformaldehyde is fast and is difficult to control to
The component of ureaformaldehyde, easily the effective nitrogen content of appearance sustained release is relatively low, or the higher phenomenon of hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen content, influence product
Sustained release performance, is unfavorable for the application on crop.And water content is high, drying cost is high, improves the production cost of product,
It is unfavorable for large-scale popularization and application.
Therefore, this area is in the urgent need to a kind of synthesis temperature is low, technological process is short, condition is easily controllable, product granulating rate
The good ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer new method for producing of high, sustained release performance, it is also desirable to which particle is mellow and full, color is good, intensity is high, no
Easily lump and the obvious ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer of sustained release performance.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art there is provided low temperature concentrated solution method directly to granulate production
The method of ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer, this method is easy to implement, and the production of ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer, urea are carried out using this technique
Formaldehyde synthesis temperature is low, and energy consumption is low, and course of reaction is gentle, and condition is easily controllable, and sustained release validity is high.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
On the one hand, the invention provides the side that a kind of low temperature concentrated solution method directly granulates production ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) at 30-60 DEG C of temperature, urea and formalin is stirred in a kettle., the urea is fully dissolved,
Form urea-formaldehyde mixed solution;
(2) alkaline solution is used, the pH value of the urea-formaldehyde mixed solution is adjusted to 8-12,0.5-2 is persistently stirred small
When, the urea and the formaldehyde is occurred addition reaction, form ureaformaldehyde addition solution;
(3) the ureaformaldehyde addition solution is delivered in compound fertilizer granulating roller, be sufficiently mixed with other composite fertilizer materials
Granulation, while adding acid solution on material, solidifies the ureaformaldehyde addition solution condensation, forms ureaformaldehyde, thus obtain
Ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer.
Further, methods described also includes step:
(4) after the ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer goes out the compound fertilizer granulating roller, dried, cooled down, sieved, wrapped
The processing such as wrap up in.
Preferably, the temperature described in step (1) is 40-50 DEG C, and the formaldehyde is the liquid of content >=35%, the urea
Mol ratio with the formaldehyde is 1.2-2.0:1.
Preferably, the alkaline solution described in step (2) is selected from NaOH solution, KOH solution, ammoniacal liquor or its combination, and concentration exists
In the range of 20-50%, pH value is adjusted to 9-10.
Preferably, described alkaline solution is the KOH solution of 20% concentration.
Preferably, in step (3), the ureaformaldehyde addition solution accounts for the ratio of the ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer gross mass
For 30-180 kg/ton.
Preferably, in step (3), the temperature of the material is 60-80 DEG C in described pelletizing drum.
Preferably, in step (3), described acid solution is selected from sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid or its combination, concentration
In the range of 20-60%, the pH of the material is adjusted to 4-7.
Preferably, in step (3), described acid solution is the sulfuric acid solution of 20-50% concentration.
Preferably, in step (3), in described compound fertilizer granulating roller, residence time of material is 10-30min, with
The ureaformaldehyde addition solution is set to be sufficiently mixed and be reacted with other composite fertilizer materials, so as to obtain the sustained release of Optimum Contents
Nitrogen.
Preferably, in step (3), described pelletizing drum is propylhomoserin pelletizing drum, wherein, synthesis ammonia addition 20-
30kg/t, sulphuric acid 15-25kg/t, propylhomoserin mol ratio 1.9-2.0:1, material pH value 5.5-6.5, vapor (steam) temperature < 150
℃。
Preferably, in step (3), other described composite fertilizer materials are selected from nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, middle trace element
Or its combination, wherein, it is described in micro member be selected from calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc or its combination.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer, it is characterised in that it is produced by the above method
Obtain.
The present invention is the method that low temperature concentrated solution method directly granulates production ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer, in whole production technology
In, mainly by process conditions such as controlling reaction temperature, pH value, reaction time, ureaformaldehyde is carried out using low temperature concentrated solution method
Synthesis, according to different composite fertilizer nutrient, the ratio that composite fertilizer's gross mass is 30-180 kg/ton is accounted for according to ureaformaldehyde addition solution,
Mixing granulation is carried out in roller pelletizer, while by adding acid solution in comminutor, solidify ureaformaldehyde solution condensation,
Generate ureaformaldehyde.After the processing such as composite fertilizer's material drying, cooling, screening, parcel, ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer is obtained.
Specifically, compared with prior art, present invention process method has advantages below:
1st, the invention carries out the synthesis of ureaformaldehyde using low temperature concentrated solution method, and synthesis temperature is low, and energy consumption of reaction is low, reacts bar
Part is gentle, it is easy to control, and sustained release validity is high.
2nd, the invention makes ureaformaldehyde solution and other composite fertilizer materials by way of adding acid solution in pelletizing drum
After mixing, occur condensation reaction, shorten technological process, reduce the program for drying ureaformaldehyde, reduce production cost.
3rd, the invention by ureaformaldehyde synthesis be combined with compound fertilizer granulating, the reaction heat of the condensation cured generation of ureaformaldehyde, with
And ureaformaldehyde liquid all plays facilitation to the granulating of composite fertilizer in itself, the granulating rate of product is improved, product particle is mellow and full,
Color is good, and intensity is high, prevented from caking and sustained release performance is obvious.
4th, the invention has a wide range of application, available for works such as common at present steam roller granulation, propylhomoserin granulation, slurry-spraying pelletizings
Skill, flow is short, newly added equipment is few, it is easy to accomplish, beneficial to large scale application.
Brief description of the drawings:
According to the accompanying drawings to the detailed description of the specific embodiment of the invention, those skilled in the art will be brighter
Above-mentioned and other purposes, the advantages and features of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is process chart of the invention, wherein:1- feed bins;2- measuring belts;3- batch mixers;4- disintegrating machines;5- powder
Body belt;6- comminutors;7- ureaformaldehyde reactors;8- drying drums;9- chilling rolls;10- vibratory sieves;11- coating rollers;
12- finished product bins;13- measuring belts.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further elaborated, it should be appreciated that the description below merely to
In the explanation present invention, the content of the invention is not defined.
Raw materials used and equipment is that those skilled in the art know in embodiment, and be in the market can buy or
It is readily available or is made.
Embodiment 1:The method that the low temperature concentrated solution method of the present embodiment directly granulates production ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer is as follows:
(1) stirred in the reactor by 560 kilograms of urea and 440 kilograms of contents for 36% 30 DEG C of formalin input,
Mixing speed is 60r/min, urea is fully dissolved, and forms the mixed solution of urea and formaldehyde.
(2) with 20% about 15 liters of KOH solution, be added dropwise in urea-formaldehyde mixed solution, by the pH value of solution adjust to
11, then persistently stirring mixed solution 2 hours, urea and formaldehyde is carried out addition reaction, form ureaformaldehyde addition solution.
(3) by flow of the ureaformaldehyde addition solution according to 1.5 ton hours, be added in pelletizing drum, in pelletizing drum other
The amount of composite fertilizer material is 10 ton hours, while spraying 30% sulfuric acid solution on material, material pH value is adjusted to 6.0,
Make ureaformaldehyde addition solution condensation solidify and with composite fertilizer material mixing granulation, carry out 15-15-15 product and restore to norm the production in Hefei.
(4) material goes out after pelletizing drum, after the processing such as drying, cooling, screening, parcel, obtains ureaformaldehyde sustained release compound
Fertilizer.
Embodiment 2:The method that the low temperature concentrated solution method of the present embodiment directly granulates production ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer is as follows:
(1) stirred in the reactor by 500 kilograms of urea and 500 kilograms of contents for 36% 40 DEG C of formalin input,
Mixing speed is 60r/min, urea is fully dissolved, and forms the mixed solution of urea and formaldehyde.
(2) with 20% about 12 liters of NaOH solution, be added dropwise in urea-formaldehyde mixed solution, by the pH value of solution adjust to
10, then persistently stirring mixed solution 1.5 hours, urea and formaldehyde is carried out addition reaction, form ureaformaldehyde addition solution.
(3) by flow of the formaldehyde addition solution according to 1.2 ton hours, be added in pelletizing drum, in pelletizing drum other
Composite fertilizer material be 10 ton hours, and containing simultaneously on material sprinkling 50% sulfuric acid solution, make material pH value adjust to
5.5, ureaformaldehyde addition solution condensation is solidified and in composite fertilizer material mixing granulation, carry out 15-15-15 product and restore to norm the life in Hefei
Production.
(4) material goes out after pelletizing drum, after the processing such as drying, cooling, screening, parcel, obtains ureaformaldehyde sustained release compound
Fertilizer.
Embodiment 3:The method that the low temperature concentrated solution method of the present embodiment directly granulates production ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer is as follows:
(1) stirred in the reactor by 580 kilograms of urea and 420 kilograms of contents for 36% 50 DEG C of formalin input,
Mixing speed is 60r/min, urea is fully dissolved, and forms the mixed solution of urea and formaldehyde.
(2) with 20% about 10 liters of NaOH solution, be added dropwise in urea-formaldehyde mixed solution, by the pH value of solution adjust to
9, then persistently stirring mixed solution 1 hour, urea and formaldehyde is carried out addition reaction, form ureaformaldehyde addition solution.
(3) by flow of the formaldehyde addition solution according to 1.2 ton hours, be added in pelletizing drum, in pelletizing drum other
Composite fertilizer material be 10 ton hours, and containing simultaneously on material sprinkling 40% sulfuric acid solution, make material pH value adjust to
6.0, ureaformaldehyde addition solution condensation is solidified and in composite fertilizer material mixing granulation, carry out 18-18-8 product and restore to norm the production in Hefei.
(4) material goes out after pelletizing drum, after the processing such as drying, cooling, screening, parcel, obtains ureaformaldehyde sustained release compound
Fertilizer.
Embodiment 4:The method that the low temperature concentrated solution method of the present embodiment directly granulates production ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer is as follows:
(1) stirred in the reactor by 570 kilograms of urea and 430 kilograms of contents for 36% 60 DEG C of formalin input,
Mixing speed is 60r/min, urea is fully dissolved, and forms the mixed solution of urea and formaldehyde.
(2) with 20% about 10 liters of KOH solution, be added dropwise in urea-formaldehyde mixed solution, by the pH value of solution adjust to
8, then persistently stirring mixed solution 0.5 hour, urea and formaldehyde is carried out addition reaction, form ureaformaldehyde addition solution.
(3) by flow of the formaldehyde addition solution according to 0.8 ton hour, be added in pelletizing drum, in pelletizing drum other
Composite fertilizer material be 10 ton hours, and containing simultaneously on material sprinkling 25% sulfuric acid solution, make material pH value adjust to
5.5, ureaformaldehyde addition solution condensation is solidified and in composite fertilizer material mixing granulation, carry out 18-18-8 product and restore to norm the production in Hefei.
(4) material goes out after pelletizing drum, after the processing such as drying, cooling, screening, parcel, obtains ureaformaldehyde sustained release compound
Fertilizer.
Embodiment 5:Low temperature concentrated solution method directly granulates the application effect of the method for production ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer
Fertilizer prepared by Example 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and embodiment 4, is surveyed to its nutrient and index of correlation
Examination, is compared with certain ureaformaldehyde composite fertilizer of Common compound fertilizer material and market sale, as a result as follows.
The ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer index determining situation of table 1.
The result of table 1 shows, is compared with common fertilizer, using ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer produced by the invention, to nitrogen, phosphorus,
The indexs such as potassium, total nutrient, moisture are not adversely affected.On the contrary, in technological process, production cost, product composition, granulating rate, production
In terms of moral character shape, with preferably effect more obvious than commonsense method or mill run, referring to table 2, these quantitative or qualitative effects
All through the present invention, experiment is obtained data repeatedly.
The inventive method of table 2. and commonsense method Integrated comparative
As shown in Table 2:
1. technological process
Compared to commonsense method, method reaction temperature of the invention is low, the production time is short, pH amplitudes of variation are small, condition is easy to
Control, is particularly easily controlled the reaction speed of ureaformaldehyde and then effectively controls the component of ureaformaldehyde.
2. production cost
Due to using this method sintetics, reaction temperature is low, and the production time is short, so, production cost and commonsense method
Compare, reduce 50-200 yuan/ton, the more market competitiveness.
3. product composition
Ureaformaldehyde composition obtained by the inventive method is more stable compared to conventional concentrated solution method technique, ureaformaldehyde total nitrogen content
>=38%, cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen >=14%, hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen≤16%, vivacity >=40%, no commonsense method product delays
Release the phenomenon that effective nitrogen content is relatively low or hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen content is higher, the ureaformaldehyde slow-release compound fertilizer of production, slow-release nitrogen is adjustable
Section, validity is high, so as to be conducive to the application on crop.
4. granulating rate
Compared compared to common fertilizer, during compound fertilizer granulating, the inventive method can improve the granulating rate 10- of fertilizer
30%.
5. product property
The inventive method production product particle it is mellow and full, color is good, intensity is high, prevented from caking, and sustained release performance substantially,
Rate of fertilizer can be reduced and utilization rate of fertilizer is improved, be conducive to mechanization to apply.
So far, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that detailed herein have shown and described multiple showing for the present invention
Example property embodiment, still, still can be direct according to present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
It is determined that or deriving many other variations or modifications for meeting the principle of the invention.Therefore, the scope of the present invention is understood that and recognized
It is set to and covers other all these variations or modifications.