CN107052535B - Welding method for two different austenitic stainless steels - Google Patents
Welding method for two different austenitic stainless steels Download PDFInfo
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- CN107052535B CN107052535B CN201710155787.2A CN201710155787A CN107052535B CN 107052535 B CN107052535 B CN 107052535B CN 201710155787 A CN201710155787 A CN 201710155787A CN 107052535 B CN107052535 B CN 107052535B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Abstract
The invention relates to a welding method of two different austenitic stainless steels, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing before welding: selecting a welding material, namely selecting the welding material with small carbon content; confirming the selection of welding process parameters, namely the selection of the bottoming current, the filling current and the capping current; 2) welding: the backing welding adopts TIG welding, and the welding method adopts a one-side welding and two-side forming welding method; filling the mixture to 5mm by adopting TIG welding, and selecting larger welding current; SMAW welding is adopted for filling and cover surface welding, and small welding current is adopted; the temperature between layers is controlled within 50 ℃. By adopting the welding method, the carbon content of the selected welding materials, the welding sequence and the accurate selection of welding parameters are reasonably controlled, and the heat input is reasonably controlled according to the carbon content of the welding materials in the welding process, so that the welding process between two different austenitic stainless steels, namely the ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel and the austenitic stainless steel with the common carbon content can be smoothly realized, and all indexes of a welding line, particularly the intergranular corrosion performance, meet the standard requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of welding, and particularly relates to a welding method for two different austenitic stainless steels.
Background
In the construction of the second-phase WWER unit nuclear power plant in the gulf, the problem of welding between the material of the domestic equipment and the material supplied by russia, especially the welding between stainless steels, has been the welding technique concerned by russia, and the medium now basically adopts the ultra-low carbon 00Cr19Ni10 material, while the russia adopts the general carbon-containing stainless steel containing titanium 08 th 18 n 10 th, and the russia emphasizes that the intercrystalline corrosion of the welded seam after the two stainless steels are welded meets the russian standard more difficultly.
In the selection of welding materials, nuclear-grade equipment and pipeline welding in second-phase WWER unit nuclear power station engineering of Tianwan, Russian is appointed to use the Russian welding materials, so that under the condition that the Russian welding materials are used, which process is adopted to ensure that intercrystalline corrosion of a welding seam meets the Russian standard is of great importance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a welding method of two different austenitic stainless steels, which ensures that the welding process of the two different austenitic stainless steels can be smoothly realized, and the welding seam meets the requirements of welding standards.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: two different austenitic stainless steel welding methods are provided, comprising the steps of:
1) preparing before welding: selecting welding materials, welding joint types and confirming welding process parameters;
the welding material is a welding material with small carbon content;
the joint type adopts V-shaped groove butt joint;
the process parameters include the bottoming current, the filling current and the capping current.
2) Welding: the method adopts all-position welding, and two sides of the welding are respectively welded from the bottommost part to the top, and the welding comprises backing welding, filling welding and cover surface welding;
the backing welding adopts TIG welding, small current is adopted, and the welding method adopts a single-side welding and double-side forming welding method;
the welding current can be increased by adopting TIG welding to fill the welding current to 5mm and argon gas protection on the back surface to 5 mm;
SMAW welding is adopted for filling and cover surface welding, and small welding current is adopted;
the temperature between layers is controlled within 50 ℃.
Further, in the step 1), the welding material comprises a welding wire and a welding rod, the carbon content of the welding wire is less than 0.030%, and the carbon content of the welding rod is less than 0.050%.
Further, in the step 1), the backing welding current is 90-100A; the current of the filled TIG welding is 140-150A to 5 mm; the filling and capping welding current is 90-100A.
Further, in the step 2), after backing welding is finished, natural cooling is adopted, and a temperature measuring pen is used for testing that the interlayer temperature is less than 50 ℃.
Further, in the step 2), during filling welding, the back surface is protected by gas until the thickness of the deposited metal is more than 5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention reasonably controls heat input according to the carbon content of the welding material in the welding process by selecting the welding material and accurately selecting welding parameters, and ensures that the intergranular corrosion and various indexes of the welding seam reach the standard requirements by adopting a single-side welding double-side forming technology and back protection for the welding seam, thereby ensuring the welding quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a weld groove bead configuration of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of argon protection.
In the figure:
1-first pass 2-second pass 3, 4-third pass 5-fourth pass 6, 7-fifth pass 8, 9-sixth pass 10, 11-seventh pass 12-foam seal 13-argon hose 14-adhesive tape 15-argon inlet 16-argon outlet
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
According to the welding method of the two different austenitic stainless steels, provided by the invention, the determination of ferrite content and the intercrystalline corrosion performance test result are focused on meeting the requirements of the Russian standard, the question of whether the intercrystalline corrosion performance of the Russian stainless steel after being welded can meet the requirements of the Russian standard is eliminated, and a foundation is laid for the localization and installation engineering of relevant equipment for construction of a Russian WWER unit nuclear power station.
Ferrite is measured mainly by three methods: magnetic method, Delong map calculation and WRC map calculation. Among them, the magnetic method is a method approved by the russian standard, and as a result, 2.06 is obtained, and the requirement of 2 to 8 for satisfying the standard is at the lower limit, and theoretically, the magnetic material has a strong resistance to intergranular corrosion, but has a weak tendency to thermal cracking. The calculated values of the Delong diagram are 8.3 and 11.7, the RCC-M and ASME required values are generally 5-12, the result is ideal, and the ferrite content of the two base materials is in a standard range and the intercrystalline corrosion tendency is weak when the two base materials are welded.
The intergranular corrosion test mainly inspects the intergranular corrosion crack resistance tendency of the welding seam, and the ferrite test proves that the ferrite content is within the standard requirement range, and the intergranular corrosion tendency is smaller theoretically. According to the aM method in the TOC 6032-89 (the time of heat preservation in a boiling solution is (24.00 +/-0.25) h. in order to show intergranular corrosion, after the heat preservation in the solution is finished, a sample (bent by the TOC 14019) (90 +/-3) ° welded joint is not subjected to induction heating), the aM dual method in the TOC 6032-03 and the NB/T20004-2011B method are subjected to sensitization treatment, and then four groups of tests of the two methods do not find intergranular corrosion crack tendency, and even if the sensitization treatment is carried out, the intergranular corrosion resistance is verified to be stronger from the angle of the tests, namely the welding form of the two materials has no problem in the aspect of intergranular corrosion resistance. Therefore, the invention adopts reasonable welding process measures to improve the microstructure of the welding line and obtain the welding joint with good corrosion resistance.
The welding method adopted by the invention is as follows:
(1) selecting welding materials and protective gas:
the Russian welding material is specified in the industry standard, the requirement of the carbon content of a welding wire is less than or equal to 0.06%, and the requirement of the carbon content of a welding rod is less than or equal to 0.10%, but in the welding of austenitic stainless steel, analysis shows that the standard has higher carbon content, the welding material with low carbon content is selected, the welding material is rechecked, the carbon content of the selected welding wire is determined to be less than 0.030%, the actually selected welding material is 0.029%, the carbon content of the welding rod is less than 0.050%, and the actually selected welding material is 0.049%. Protective gas: argon with the purity of 99.99 percent is selected.
(2) Joint type:
the V-shaped groove is adopted for butt joint, the surface of the groove is required to be smooth and flat, the surface state is required to meet the requirements of a welding process and corresponding nondestructive inspection, the surface and two side edges of the groove are welded within a width range of 20mm of the adjacent area of the base material, and the groove is cleaned by acetone and is free of water, oxides, oil stains and other harmful impurities.
(3) Confirming welding process parameters:
backing welding current: 90-100A, adopting a single-side welding and double-side forming technology; filling TIG welding current: 140-150A; filling and cover surface welding current: 90-100A, argon protection is carried out on the back until the thickness of deposited metal is larger than 5mm, and the interlayer temperature is lower than 50 ℃.
(4) Preparing before welding: cleaning the welding wire by using acetone before use; drying the welding rod according to the standard; the welding equipment adopts an inverter welding machine, and various instruments on the welding machine are in a qualified period of verification. A temperature measuring pen was prepared to measure the interlayer temperature.
(5) Assembling before welding: the respective specifications to be met by the misalignment should be such that the misalignment (in particular the inner misalignment) should be distributed evenly to the various directions. The assembly gap L1 is ensured to be 1-3mm, the backing weld layer height L2 is ensured to be 1-2mm, and the bevel angle R is about 60 degrees, as shown in figure 1.
(6) Argon filling before welding: for stainless steel pipes, two ends of two assembled pipes are firstly blocked by foam sealing pieces 12, an argon hose 13 extends into the two assembled pipes from one end, and the assembled gaps are sealed by water-soluble adhesive tapes 14. Argon is admitted through argon inlet 15 and exits through argon outlet 16 as shown in figure 2. Argon gas was introduced in advance for 20 minutes at a flow rate of 16L/min.
(7) Welding: adopting all-position welding, wherein two sides of the welding are respectively welded from the bottommost part to the top, adopting TIG welding as backing welding, and adopting a single-side welding and double-side forming welding method as a welding method; after the first welding, adopting natural cooling, and testing the interlayer temperature to be less than 50 ℃ by using a temperature measuring pen; TIG welding is adopted when the thickness of the deposited metal is 5mm, the current can be larger because the carbon content of the welding wire is smaller, and the back is continuously protected by gas until the thickness of the deposited metal is larger than 5 mm; SMAW is adopted for filling and cover welding, and the welding current is small because the carbon content of the welding rod is high.
The following further explains the pipeline with specification phi 273X20mm made of the Russian parent material 08-KHz 18-Nt 10 and the Chinese parent material 00Cr19Ni10 austenitic stainless steel:
the welding position and direction are suitable for the 1GT, 2GT, 5G1T, 6GT pipe butt weld. The welding seam is divided into 7 layers of welding beads: the first weld bead 1, the second weld bead 2, the third weld beads 3 and 4, the fourth weld bead 5, the fifth weld beads 6 and 7, the sixth weld beads 8 and 9, and the seventh weld beads 10 and 11 are shown in fig. 1. A first layer of welding beads 1 is subjected to backing welding; filling welding from the second layer of welding bead to the fourth layer of welding bead; the technological parameters of fifth layer welding bead to seventh layer welding bead, cover welding and welding are shown in the table 1. TABLE 1
Post-weld inspection and testing: welding by the welding process, performing ray inspection according to the Russian standard after welding, and checking and accepting according to the standard of a grade-1 welding seam; after welding, the test piece is subjected to chemical analysis, stretching, intergranular corrosion, impact, metallographic phase, ferrite calculation and other tests, and from chemical composition analysis, intergranular corrosion results and metallographic analysis, the intergranular corrosion of the austenitic stainless steel between the ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel in the two countries of China and Russia and the austenitic stainless steel with common carbon content meets the requirements of the most strict Russian standard through a reasonable welding process.
It should be noted that the two different austenitic stainless steels according to the present invention refer to ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel and general austenitic stainless steel with carbon content.
The welding method of the two different austenitic stainless steels according to the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and other embodiments can be derived by those skilled in the art according to the technical solution of the present invention, and also belong to the technical innovation scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. Welding two different austenitic stainless steels, namely 00Cr19Ni10 stainless steel with ultra-low carbon content and 08 KHz 18N 10 stainless steel with titanium-containing general carbon content, respectively, comprising the following steps:
1) preparing before welding: selecting welding materials and confirming welding process parameters;
the welding material is a welding material with small carbon content;
the technological parameters comprise bottoming current, filling and capping current and interlayer temperature;
2) welding: the method adopts all-position welding, and two sides of the welding are respectively welded from the bottommost part to the top, and the welding comprises backing welding, filling welding and cover surface welding;
the backing welding adopts TIG welding, the welding method adopts a single-side welding and double-side forming welding method, and the current is 90-100A;
TIG welding is adopted when the thickness is 5mm, argon is used for protecting the back surface to 5mm, the welding current can be increased, and the current is 140-150A;
SMAW welding is adopted for filling and cover surface welding, and small welding current is adopted;
the temperature between layers is controlled within 50 ℃;
SMAW welding is adopted for filling and cover surface welding, and the current is 90-100A;
after backing welding, natural cooling is adopted, and a temperature measuring pen is used for testing the interlayer temperature to be less than 50 ℃.
2. The method of welding two dissimilar austenitic stainless steels according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the welding material comprises a welding wire and a welding rod, the carbon content of the welding wire is less than 0.030%, and the carbon content of the welding rod is less than 0.05%.
3. The method of welding two dissimilar austenitic stainless steels according to claim 1, wherein: and 2) in the step 2), during filling welding, the back surface is protected by gas until the thickness of deposited metal is more than 5 mm.
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| CN111015007A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-04-17 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Welding rod for stainless steel welding and welding method thereof |
| CN112059465A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-11 | 上海电气核电设备有限公司 | Connecting structure for reactor container and welding process |
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