CN107052331B - Device and method for explosion sintering of nano aluminum bar capable of releasing pressure - Google Patents

Device and method for explosion sintering of nano aluminum bar capable of releasing pressure Download PDF

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CN107052331B
CN107052331B CN201710448635.1A CN201710448635A CN107052331B CN 107052331 B CN107052331 B CN 107052331B CN 201710448635 A CN201710448635 A CN 201710448635A CN 107052331 B CN107052331 B CN 107052331B
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explosive
nano aluminum
base
sintering
sheath
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CN107052331A (en
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桑圣军
解立峰
王志平
许少晨
李斌
王永旭
郭浩哲
肖文龙
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for explosion sintering of a pressure-relief type nano aluminum rod. The device comprises an upper end plug, a sheath, a striking pipe, an outer sleeve and a base; the base is provided with a pressure relief structure, the center of the top of the base is provided with a groove for compressing gas in the powder, and the top of the base is sequentially provided with a pressure relief sheet and a gasket; in addition, the top end of the upper end plug is set to be a conical structure for stabilizing pressure in the process of explosion propagation. The product prepared by the pressure relief type nano aluminum rod explosive sintering device is an aluminum rod with the grain size reaching the nanometer level, and has narrow grain size distribution, high hardness and high density; in the preparation process of the explosive sintering method adopted by the invention, the thin iron sheet on the base is broken when being impacted by the gas among the powder particles in the compaction process, and the gas is transmitted into the hollow groove of the base through the central hole of the gasket to form high-pressure gas, so that the generation of the central hole and the throwing of the powder can be effectively prevented, and the method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and convenience for industrial production.

Description

Device and method for explosion sintering of nano aluminum bar capable of releasing pressure
Technical Field
The invention relates to a powder explosion sintering device, in particular to a device capable of realizing pressure relief type explosion sintering of a nano aluminum rod.
Background
The explosive sintering nano alloy powder is a material processing technology which utilizes shock waves generated by explosive detonation to act on the surface of the powder, and high-temperature hot melting and high-pressure sintering molding are carried out on the surface of particles in a very short time. Compared with the traditional methods such as hot-pressing sintering and hot isostatic pressing sintering, the explosive sintering nano alloy powder has unique advantages. (1) Has high pressure property, and can be sintered to obtain nearly compact material. The sintered density of the amorphous cobalt-based alloy, the microcrystalline aluminum and the alloy thereof exceeds 99 percent of the theoretical density at present; (2) has fast melting and cooling properties, and is beneficial to maintaining the excellent characteristics of the powder. Due to the transient shock wave loading, the time required for the particles to rise from the normal temperature to the melting point temperature during explosion sintering is extremely short, usually in the microsecond level, so that the temperature rise is limited on the particle surface, the interior of the particles still keeps a low-temperature state, the interface is cooled and quenched after the particles are sintered, the mechanism can prevent the crystal grains from growing up, and the particles have the physical characteristics of small crystal grains and uniform distribution, so that the excellent characteristics of the materials in the nanoparticle state, such as higher strength, hardness, magnetic properties, corrosion resistance and the like, can be maintained.
At present, the invention patent of Chenpengwen, Zhouqiang et al, patent number 201210096266.1, discloses a split type high-temperature preheating powder explosive sintering device, which mainly uses a high-temperature preheating mode to remove gas in powder, but in the preheating process of the device, powder particles may agglomerate, and the agglomeration has great influence on the grain structure and mechanical properties of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for explosion sintering of a nano aluminum rod under pressure relief, which can be used for preparing a high-strength aluminum rod with a nano microstructure.
The technical scheme provided for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a device and a method for explosion sintering of a pressure-releasing type nano aluminum bar are disclosed, the device comprises an upper end plug, a sheath, a striking pipe, an outer sleeve, a pressure-releasing sheet and a base; the device is characterized in that a pressure relief structure is arranged on the base of the device, wherein a groove for compressing gas in powder is formed in the center of the top of the base, and a pressure relief sheet and a gasket are sequentially arranged on the top of the base; in addition, the top end of the upper end plug is set to be a conical structure for stabilizing pressure in the process of explosion propagation.
Furthermore, the sheath, the striking pipe, the upper end plug and the base are made of No. 45 steel, and the outer sleeve is made of PVC engineering plastic.
The method for sintering the nano aluminum bar comprises the following specific steps:
(a) the sheath, the striking pipe and the base are assembled, and the sheath, the striking pipe and the base, the nano aluminum powder and the upper end plug are placed into a closed glove box filled with protective atmosphere;
(b) uniformly adding nano aluminum powder into the sheath, compacting, and covering an upper end plug;
(c) taking out the sintering device from the glove box;
(d) assembling the sintering device and the outer sleeve, and adding low-detonation-velocity explosive into the sintering device and the outer sleeve;
(e) starting a detonator to trigger the explosive column to detonate the low-detonation-velocity explosive, striking the sheath by the striking pipe under the action of the explosive force, and compacting the nano aluminum powder to obtain a nano aluminum rod;
(f) cutting the striking pipe and the sheath to obtain the required nano aluminum bar.
Further, in the step (b), the filling compactness of the aluminum powder reaches 40-60%.
Further, the thickness L4 of the medicine layer in the step (d) is 13.5 mm.
The low-detonation-velocity explosive adopted in the invention is powdery ammonium nitrate-TNT explosive, and the explosive density is 0.9g/cm3. The particle size of the powdery ammonium nitrate-fuel-oil-mixed explosive is 1-2 mu m.
The size of the aluminum powder particles is 60-140 nm, the grain size of the sintered aluminum bar is mainly concentrated between 60-500 nm, and few grains are agglomerated into large particles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the product of the invention is an aluminum bar with the grain size reaching the nanometer level and has narrower grain size distribution.
(2) The invention adopts the explosion sintering technology, is formed in one step, has simple industry and can realize industrial production.
(3) The driving explosive used by the invention is ammonium TNT explosive, and has low price and wide source.
(4) The plug, the sheath and the striking pipe used by the invention have simple structures, and can be made of common stainless steel materials with low cost
Cheap and convenient to process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for explosion sintering of depressible nano aluminum rods according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of nano-aluminum powder in the invention;
FIG. 3 is a distribution diagram of the particle size of the nano-aluminum powder in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation of a sintered rod product of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic microscope image of a sintered rod product of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of a sintered rod product of the invention.
Wherein, 1, detonator; 2. detonating the explosive column; 3. a low detonation velocity explosive; 4. an upper end plug; 5. a striking tube; 6. sheathing; 7. nano aluminum powder; 8. an outer sleeve; 9. pressure relief sheets; 10. a gasket; 11. a groove; 12. a base.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
The invention is realized by the following devices:
a pressure relief type nano aluminum bar explosive sintering device comprises an upper end plug 4, a sheath 6, a striking pipe 5, an outer sleeve 8, a pressure relief sheet 9 and a base 12; the upper end plug 4, the sheath 6, the striking tube 5 and the base 12 are mutually and tightly matched to form a columnar closed container, a gap exists between the sheath 6 and the striking tube 5, a groove 11 for compressing gas in powder is formed in the center of the base, a gap between the outer sleeve 8 and the striking tube 5 is used for containing explosive, and the top center of the outer sleeve is fixedly provided with the booster charge 2 and the detonator 1. A pressure relief structure is arranged on the base 12, wherein a groove 11 for compressing gas in the powder is arranged in the center of the top of the base 12, and a pressure relief sheet 9 and a gasket 10 are sequentially arranged on the top of the base 12; in addition, the top end of the upper end plug 4 is set to be a conical structure for stabilizing pressure in the process of explosion propagation
Wherein, the upper end plug 4 is composed of a cone and two cylinders, and the inclination angle x diameter size is respectively: 45 ° × 45mm, diameter × height dimension: 41X 10mm and diameter X height dimensions: a cylinder of 26X 10 mm; the outer diameter × thickness × height dimension of the jacket 6 is: 30X 2X 160 mm; the outer diameter × thickness × height dimension of the striking tube 5 is: 45X 2X 180 mm; the diameter x thickness dimension of the pressure relief sheet 9 is: 26X 0.2 mm; the outside diameter × inside diameter × thickness dimensions of the apertured gasket 10 are: 26X 2X 1 mm; the base 12 is formed by two cylinders, the diameter x height dimension being: 26X 10mm and a diameter X height dimension of 41X 10 mm; the diameter x height dimension of the recess 11 in the base 12 is: 10X 13 mm; the outer diameter × thickness × height dimension of the outer sleeve 8 is: 75X 1.5X 220 mm.
The top of the upper end plug 4 is conical so as to enable detonation waves to be stably propagated along the axial direction, the sheath 6 is a container for containing nano aluminum powder 7, the striking pipe 5 is a layer of steel pipe outside the sheath 6 and used for transmitting the axial propagation of the detonation waves, the gap between the striking pipe 5 and the sheath 6 plays a role in buffering the detonation waves so as to enable the detonation waves to be stably propagated, explosives are stored between the outer sleeve 8 and the striking pipe 5, the base 12 at the bottom is used for fixing the sheath 6 and the striking pipe 5 and isolating air at the same time, the hollow groove 12 is formed in the center of the base 12, the upper end is provided with an opening gasket and a thin iron sheet, and the detonator 1 and the explosive column 2 are fixed at the top end of the device. The low detonation velocity explosive 4 is adopted to drive the extrusion striking pipe 5 and impact the sheath 6 to form stable axial shock waves to extrude and rub the nano aluminum powder 7, so that the nano aluminum powder is sintered into an aluminum rod with a nano structure, the pressure relief sheet 9 on the base 12 is broken when being impacted by gas among powder particles in the compaction process, and the gas is transmitted into the groove 12 of the base through the central hole of the gasket 10 to form high-pressure gas, so that the generation of the central hole and the throwing of the powder can be effectively prevented.
Examples
The invention adopts nano aluminum powder 7 with the average particle size of 100nm and low detonation velocity explosive 3 which is powdery ammonium TNT explosive with the particle size of 1.5 mu m, and prepares the nano aluminum rod according to the following steps
(a) The sheath 6, the striking tube 5 and the base 12 are assembled, and the components, the nano aluminum powder 7 and the upper end plug 4 are put into a closed glove box filled with protective atmosphere;
(b) uniformly adding 100g of nano aluminum powder 7 into the sheath 6, compacting, wherein the filling compactness of the aluminum powder reaches 40-60%, and covering an upper end plug 4;
(c) taking out the explosive sintering device from the glove box;
(d) assembling the explosive sintering device with an outer sleeve 8, and adding the low-detonation-velocity explosive 3 into the outer sleeve 8, wherein the explosive density is 0.9g/cm3；
(e) Starting a detonator 1 to trigger a charge column 2 to detonate a low-detonation-velocity explosive 3, striking a sheath 6 by a striking pipe 5 under the action of explosive force, and compacting nano aluminum powder 7 to obtain a nano aluminum rod;
(f) and cutting the striking pipe 5 and the sheath 6 to obtain the required nano aluminum rod.
The material object of the nano aluminum rod prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 4, the vickers hardness of the nano aluminum rod is 120Kgf/mm2, and the hardness of the nano aluminum rod is more than 4 times of the hardness of the aluminum rod prepared in the traditional industry, as shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the microstructure of the prepared nano aluminum rod is uniform, as shown in fig. 6, the particle size of the prepared nano aluminum rod is within 200nm, and the density is high.

Claims (7)

1. A pressure relief type nano aluminum bar explosive sintering device comprises an upper end plug (4), a sheath (6), a striking pipe (5), an outer sleeve (8), a pressure relief sheet (9) and a base (12); the device is characterized in that a pressure relief structure is arranged on the base (12) of the device, wherein a groove (11) for compressing gas in powder is formed in the center of the top of the base (12), and a pressure relief sheet (9) and a gasket (10) are sequentially arranged on the top of the base (12); in addition, the top end of the upper end plug (4) is set to be a conical structure for stabilizing pressure in the process of explosion propagation; the upper end plug (4) is composed of a cone and two cylinders, and the diameters are multiplied by the heights: a cone of 45 × 22.5mm, diameter × height dimensions: 41X 10mm and diameter X height dimensions: a cylinder of 26X 10 mm; the outer diameter x thickness x height dimension of the sheath (6) is: 30X 2X 160 mm; the outer diameter x thickness x height dimension of the striking tube (5) is: 45X 2X 180 mm; the outer diameter x thickness x height dimension of the outer sleeve (8) is: 75X 1.5X 220 mm; the diameter x thickness dimension of the pressure relief sheet (9) is: 26X 0.2 mm; the outside diameter x inside diameter x thickness of the open-cell gasket (10) is: 26X 2X 1 mm; the base (12) is formed by two cylinders, the diameter x height dimension being: 26X 10mm and a diameter X height dimension of 41X 10 mm; the diameter x height dimension of the recess (11) in the base (12) is: 10X 13 mm.
2. The apparatus for explosion sintering of depressible nano aluminum rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheath (6), the striking tube (5), the upper end plug (4) and the base are made of 45# steel, and the outer sleeve (8) is made of PVC engineering plastic.
3. The nano aluminum rod explosion sintering method based on the device of any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that the steps of the nano aluminum powder sintering method are as follows:
(a) the sheath (6), the striking tube (5) and the base (12) are assembled, and are placed into a closed glove box filled with protective atmosphere together with the nano aluminum powder (7) and the upper end plug (4);
(b) nano aluminum powder (7) is uniformly added into the sheath (6) and compacted, the filling compactness of the aluminum powder reaches 40-60%, and an upper end plug (4) is covered;
(c) taking out the explosive sintering device from the glove box;
(d) assembling the explosive sintering device with an outer sleeve (8), and adding a low-detonation-velocity explosive (3) into the outer sleeve (8);
(e) starting a detonator (1) to trigger a explosive column (2) to explode low-detonation-velocity explosives (3), striking a sheath (6) by a striking pipe (5) under the action of explosive force, and compacting nano aluminum powder (7) to obtain a nano aluminum rod;
(f) cutting the striking pipe (5) and the sheath (6) to obtain the required nano aluminum bar.
4. The method for explosive sintering of nano aluminum rods according to claim 3, wherein in the step (d), the low-detonation-velocity explosive (3) is powdery ammonium nitrate-fuel-oil-mixture explosive, and the charge density of the powdery ammonium nitrate-fuel-oil-mixture explosive is 0.9g/cm3。
5. The method for explosive sintering of nano aluminum rods according to claim 4, wherein the particle size of the powdery ammonium nitrate-fuel-tar explosive is 1-2 μm.
6. The nano aluminum rod explosive sintering method according to claim 3, wherein the size of the nano aluminum powder (7) is between 60 nm and 140 nm.
7. The method for explosive sintering of nano aluminum rods as claimed in claim 3, wherein the protective atmosphere in the glove box is argon.
CN201710448635.1A 2017-06-14 2017-06-14 Device and method for explosion sintering of nano aluminum bar capable of releasing pressure Active CN107052331B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109047771A (en) * 2018-08-06 2018-12-21 南京理工大学 The device and method of explosive sintering technique preparation nanometer aluminum pipe
CN112222404B (en) * 2020-10-16 2022-11-22 南京南理工三航纳米科技研究院有限公司 Bidirectional pressure relief device and method for preparing metal nano aluminum bar based on explosive sintering process

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61502A (en) * 1984-06-13 1986-01-06 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd Molding method of powdery body
CN1354131A (en) * 2000-11-21 2002-06-19 日本油脂株式会社 Method for manufacturing high pressure phase material
JP2003277805A (en) * 2002-03-20 2003-10-02 Asahi Kasei Corp Magnetostrictive material and manufacturing method
CN101745639A (en) * 2008-12-05 2010-06-23 南京理工大学 Preparation method of non-crystalline grains reinforced aluminium-base composite material by means of explosive compaction
CN103011243A (en) * 2012-12-01 2013-04-03 中北大学 Preparation method of nano metal oxide and reaction device for preparing nano metal oxide
CN206912247U (en) * 2017-06-14 2018-01-23 南京理工大学 Can pressure release type explosive sintering nanometer aluminium bar device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61502A (en) * 1984-06-13 1986-01-06 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd Molding method of powdery body
CN1354131A (en) * 2000-11-21 2002-06-19 日本油脂株式会社 Method for manufacturing high pressure phase material
JP2003277805A (en) * 2002-03-20 2003-10-02 Asahi Kasei Corp Magnetostrictive material and manufacturing method
CN101745639A (en) * 2008-12-05 2010-06-23 南京理工大学 Preparation method of non-crystalline grains reinforced aluminium-base composite material by means of explosive compaction
CN103011243A (en) * 2012-12-01 2013-04-03 中北大学 Preparation method of nano metal oxide and reaction device for preparing nano metal oxide
CN206912247U (en) * 2017-06-14 2018-01-23 南京理工大学 Can pressure release type explosive sintering nanometer aluminium bar device

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