Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1A, the system for MAC control element transmission according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a transmitting device 10 and a receiving device 20.
A sending device 10, configured to determine, according to a MAC control unit, a MAC subheader including an LCID and differentiation indication information, where the LCID and the differentiation indication information are used together to uniquely identify one MAC control unit, and MAC control units with the same characteristics multiplex the same LCID; the same characteristics are that the carried messages are of the same type and/or cannot appear at the same time; and sending the MAC PDU comprising the MAC subheader and the corresponding MAC control unit.
And the receiving device 20 is configured to receive the MAC PDU including the MAC subheader and the corresponding MAC control element from the sending device, and determine the corresponding MAC control element according to the LCID and the distinguishing indication information.
The sending equipment determines the MAC subheader containing the LCID and the distinguishing indication information according to the MAC control unit, and sends the MAC PDU containing the MAC subheader and the corresponding MAC control unit, wherein the LCID and the distinguishing indication information are used for uniquely identifying one MAC control unit. Because the embodiment of the invention uniquely identifies one MAC control unit together with the LCID and the distinguishing indication information, different MAC control units can use the same LCID, thereby identifying more MAC control units on the premise of not introducing more LCIDs and meeting the requirement of 5G NR.
the MAC control units with the same characteristics multiplex the same LCID.
wherein, the same characteristic is that the carried message types are the same, for example, different MAC control elements indicate the buffer status report information in different ways (or the indicated contents are all power headroom information, or are all used for carrier activation/deactivation, etc.), and then the MAC control elements are considered to be of the same type;
Cannot occur simultaneously as MAC CEs in one MAC PDU, such as a MAC CE for indicating MBMS information and various MAC CEs for unicast, cannot be multiplexed at one time.
In the embodiment of the invention, the MAC sub-head of the MAC CE does not need to be consistent with the MAC sub-head format of the MAC SDU, because the sending end and the receiving end can distinguish whether the MAC CE or the MAC SDU is the MAC CE or the MAC SDU through the LCID. Thus, the MAC subheader of MAC SDU and MAC subheader of MAC ce (control unit) can be separately and independently designed.
Optionally, the distinguishing indication information according to the embodiment of the present invention includes first information for distinguishing different MAC control elements in the same length type and/or second information for indicating whether there is a length indication field.
Wherein the first information is located in a message type subdivision domain of the MAC subheader;
The second information is located in an extended indication field of the MAC subheader indicating whether a length indication field exists.
In an implementation, the length type of the MAC subheader may be divided into a fixed length and a variable length.
the fixed length means that the length of the MAC CE is invariable, and the specific length and format are specified by a protocol;
the variable length means that the length of the MAC CE is variable, and may be different according to the specific contents accommodated in the MAC CE.
If only the MAC subheader of a fixed length is included in the application scenario, the embodiment of the present invention may introduce an MAC CE indication field I (i.e., a message type subdivision field), for example, the field I in fig. 1B is 2 bits, and the field bit length may be 1 to 3 bits, depending on the number of MAC CE types multiplexing the same LCID. The LCID domain in the figure is 5 bits, and can be expanded according to the actual situation, such as 6 bits.
if there are fixed-length and variable-length MAC subheaders in the application scenario, an E-field (an extended indication field indicating whether a length indication field exists) and/or an I-field may be mapped. As shown in fig. 1C.
-domain E: indicating whether an L domain exists subsequently, if so, the MAC CE is the MAC CE with the variable length in the same type of MAC CEs, and if not, the MAC CE is the MAC CE with the fixed length in the same type of MAC CEs;
-an I domain: if there are more than one fixed length or variable length MAC CE in the same type of MAC CE, it can further indicate which type of MAC CE is in the I field. The length of I can be 1-2 bits, depending on the fixed length or variable length MAC CE.
Optionally, if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length or a variable length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and/or the second information.
the MAC subheader of the embodiment of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, part or all of the following:
MAC subheader for BSR (buffer status report);
a MAC subheader for PHR (power headroom report);
a MAC subheader for activation and/or deactivation indication for member carriers in CA (Carrier Aggregation);
A MAC subheader for a DRX (discontinuous reception) command;
A MAC subheader for physical layer signaling;
MAC subheader for data volume indication.
different MAC subheaders and distinguishing indication information comprise different information, and the following methods are listed as follows:
The first method comprises the following steps: the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR or a MAC subheader for a component carrier activation and/or deactivation or a MAC subheader for a DRX command:
the MAC control units having the same characteristic include fixed-length MAC control units, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
and the second method comprises the following steps: the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for BSR:
The MAC control units having the same characteristic include a fixed-length MAC control unit and a variable-length MAC control unit, and the discrimination indication information includes the first information.
And the third is that: the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for BSR or a MAC subheader for PHR:
the MAC control units with the same characteristics comprise fixed-length MAC control units and variable-length MAC control units, and the distinguishing indication information comprises the first information and the second information;
And fourthly: the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for physical layer signaling or a MAC subheader for data volume indication:
the MAC control units having the same characteristic include a fixed-length MAC control unit and a variable-length MAC control unit, and the discrimination indication information includes the second information.
the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to several examples.
Example 5: downlink MAC CE for physical layer signaling and data volume indication.
referring to LTE, there are two types of downlink MAC CEs for physical layer signaling and data volume indication: a Recommended bit rate MAC CE (Recommended bit rate MAC Control Element) which is a fixed length, and an Activation/Deactivation CSI-RS resource MAC CE (Activation/Deactivation of CSI-RS resources MAC Control Element; CSI-RS, channel state information reference signal) which is a variable length.
The recommended bit rate MAC CE and the activation/deactivation CSI-RS resource MAC CE multiplex one logical channel number LCID 6. The MAC subheader format may be as shown in fig. 9. And if E-0 indicates that there is no L domain, namely the MAC CE length is fixed, the CSI-RS resource MAC CE is activated/deactivated, and if E-1 indicates that there is an L domain, namely the MAC CE length is variable.
if there is more physical layer signaling and data volume in NR indicating the introduction of downlink MAC CE, the I-domain indication can be further increased.
As shown in fig. 10, a first transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
a determining module 1000, configured to determine, according to a MAC control unit, a MAC subheader including an LCID and differentiation indication information, where the LCID and the differentiation indication information are used to uniquely identify one MAC control unit, and MAC control units with the same characteristic multiplex the same LCID; the same characteristics are that the carried messages are of the same type and/or cannot appear at the same time;
A sending module 1001, configured to send a MAC PDU including the MAC subheader and a corresponding MAC control element.
optionally, the distinguishing indication information includes first information for distinguishing different MAC control elements in the same length type and/or second information for indicating whether there is a length indication field.
Optionally, the first information is located in a message type subdivision domain of the MAC subheader;
the second information is located in an extended indication field of the MAC subheader indicating whether a length indication field exists.
optionally, if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length or a variable length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and/or the second information.
optionally, the MAC subheader is part or all of the following:
A MAC subheader for a buffer status report BSR;
A MAC subheader for a Power Headroom Report (PHR);
a MAC subheader for activating and/or deactivating indication for member carriers in CA;
a MAC subheader for a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) command;
A MAC subheader for physical layer signaling;
MAC subheader for data volume indication.
optionally, if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR or a MAC subheader for activation and/or deactivation of a component carrier or a MAC subheader for a DRX command, the MAC control units with the same characteristic include MAC control units with fixed lengths, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
If the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
If the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for BSR or a MAC subheader for PHR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and the second information; or
if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for physical layer signaling or a MAC subheader for data volume indication, the MAC control units with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control unit and a variable-length MAC control unit, and the distinguishing indication information includes the second information.
as shown in fig. 11, a first receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
A receiving module 1100, configured to receive a MAC PDU that includes the MAC subheader and a corresponding MAC control element from a sending device, where the MAC subheader includes an LCID and a MAC subheader of distinguishing indication information, where the LCID and the distinguishing indication information are used to uniquely identify one MAC control element together, and MAC control elements with the same characteristics multiplex the same LCID; the same characteristics are that the carried messages are of the same type and/or cannot appear at the same time;
a processing module 1101, configured to determine a corresponding MAC control unit according to the LCID and the distinguishing indication information.
optionally, the distinguishing indication information includes first information for distinguishing different MAC control elements in the same length type and/or second information for indicating whether there is a length indication field.
Optionally, the first information is located in a message type subdivision domain of the MAC subheader;
the second information is located in an extended indication field of the MAC subheader indicating whether a length indication field exists.
optionally, if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length or a variable length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and/or the second information.
optionally, the MAC subheader is part or all of the following:
A MAC subheader for a buffer status report BSR;
a MAC subheader for a Power Headroom Report (PHR);
a MAC subheader for activating and/or deactivating indication for member carriers in CA;
a MAC subheader for a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) command;
a MAC subheader for physical layer signaling;
MAC subheader for data volume indication.
Optionally, if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR or a MAC subheader for activation and/or deactivation of a component carrier or a MAC subheader for a DRX command, the MAC control units with the same characteristic include MAC control units with fixed lengths, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for BSR or a MAC subheader for PHR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and the second information; or
if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for physical layer signaling or a MAC subheader for data volume indication, the MAC control units with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control unit and a variable-length MAC control unit, and the distinguishing indication information includes the second information.
as shown in fig. 12, a second transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
A processor 1201 for transmitting and receiving data through a transceiver 1210 and reading a program in a memory 1204, and performing the following processes:
determining a MAC subheader containing LCID and distinguishing indication information according to a MAC control unit, wherein the LCID and the distinguishing indication information are used for uniquely identifying one MAC control unit, and the MAC control units with the same characteristics multiplex the same LCID; the same characteristics are that the carried messages are of the same type and/or cannot appear at the same time; and sending the MAC PDU comprising the MAC subheader and the corresponding MAC control unit.
A transceiver 1202 for receiving and transmitting data under the control of the processor 1201.
Optionally, the distinguishing indication information includes first information for distinguishing different MAC control elements in the same length type and/or second information for indicating whether there is a length indication field.
optionally, the first information is located in a message type subdivision domain of the MAC subheader;
The second information is located in an extended indication field of the MAC subheader indicating whether a length indication field exists.
optionally, if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length or a variable length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and/or the second information.
Optionally, the MAC subheader is part or all of the following:
A MAC subheader for a buffer status report BSR;
A MAC subheader for a Power Headroom Report (PHR);
A MAC subheader for activating and/or deactivating indication for member carriers in CA;
a MAC subheader for a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) command;
A MAC subheader for physical layer signaling;
MAC subheader for data volume indication.
optionally, if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR or a MAC subheader for activation and/or deactivation of a component carrier or a MAC subheader for a DRX command, the MAC control units with the same characteristic include MAC control units with fixed lengths, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
If the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for BSR or a MAC subheader for PHR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and the second information; or
If the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for physical layer signaling or a MAC subheader for data volume indication, the MAC control units with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control unit and a variable-length MAC control unit, and the distinguishing indication information includes the second information.
wherein the interaction between the processor 1201 and the terminal is performed through the transceiver 1202.
In fig. 12, a bus architecture (represented by bus 1200), bus 1200 may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, and bus 1200 links together various circuits including one or more processors, represented by processor 1201, and memory, represented by memory 1204. The bus 1200 may also link together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further herein. A bus interface 1203 provides an interface between the bus 1200 and the transceiver 1202. The transceiver 1202 may be one element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. Data processed by the processor 1201 is transmitted over a wireless medium through the antenna 1205, and further, the antenna 1205 receives the data and transmits the data to the processor 1201.
the processor 1201 is responsible for managing the bus 1200 and general processing, and may also provide various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. And memory 1204 may be used for storing data used by processor 1201 in performing operations.
Alternatively, the processor 1201 may be a CPU (central processing unit), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or a CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device).
as shown in fig. 13, a second receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
A processor 1301 for transmitting and receiving data through the transceiver 1302 and reading a program in the memory 1304 performs the following processes:
receiving a MAC PDU (media access control protocol data unit) which comprises the MAC subheader and a corresponding MAC control unit from a sending device, wherein the MAC subheader comprises an LCID (link control identifier) and a MAC subheader of distinguishing indication information, the LCID and the distinguishing indication information are used for uniquely identifying one MAC control unit, and the MAC control units with the same characteristics multiplex the same LCID; the same characteristics are that the carried messages are of the same type and/or cannot appear at the same time; and determining a corresponding MAC control unit according to the LCID and the distinguishing indication information.
a transceiver 1302 for receiving and transmitting data under the control of the processor 1301.
Optionally, the distinguishing indication information includes first information for distinguishing different MAC control elements in the same length type and/or second information for indicating whether there is a length indication field.
optionally, the first information is located in a message type subdivision domain of the MAC subheader;
the second information is located in an extended indication field of the MAC subheader indicating whether a length indication field exists.
Optionally, if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
If the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length or a variable length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and/or the second information.
optionally, the MAC subheader is part or all of the following:
A MAC subheader for a buffer status report BSR;
A MAC subheader for a Power Headroom Report (PHR);
A MAC subheader for activating and/or deactivating indication for member carriers in CA;
a MAC subheader for a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) command;
a MAC subheader for physical layer signaling;
MAC subheader for data volume indication.
Optionally, if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR or a MAC subheader for activation and/or deactivation of a component carrier or a MAC subheader for a DRX command, the MAC control units with the same characteristic include MAC control units with fixed lengths, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
If the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
If the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for BSR or a MAC subheader for PHR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and the second information; or
If the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for physical layer signaling or a MAC subheader for data volume indication, the MAC control units with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control unit and a variable-length MAC control unit, and the distinguishing indication information includes the second information.
Interaction between the processor 1301 and the terminal is performed through the transceiver 1302.
In fig. 13, a bus architecture (represented by bus 1300), bus 1300 may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, bus 1300 linking together various circuits including one or more processors, represented by processor 1301, and memory, represented by memory 1304. The bus 1300 may also link together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further herein. A bus interface 1303 provides an interface between the bus 1300 and the transceiver 1302. The transceiver 1302 may be one element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. Data processed by processor 1301 is transmitted over a wireless medium through antenna 1305, which antenna 1305 also receives and transmits data to processor 1301.
The processor 1301 is responsible for managing the bus 1300 and general processing, and may provide various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. And memory 1304 may be used to store data used by processor 1301 in performing operations.
Optionally, the processor 1301 may be a CPU, ASIC, FPGA or CPLD.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for performing MAC control unit transmission, and since the device corresponding to the method is a device in the system for performing MAC control unit transmission in the embodiment of the present invention, and the principle of the method for solving the problem is similar to that of the system, the method can be implemented by referring to the system implementation, and repeated details are not repeated.
As shown in fig. 14, the method for transmitting MAC control element by a sending device in the embodiment of the present invention includes:
Step 1400, the sending device determines a MAC subheader containing LCID and differentiation indication information according to the MAC control element, wherein the LCID and the differentiation indication information are used together to uniquely identify one MAC control element, and MAC control elements with the same characteristics multiplex the same LCID; the same characteristics are that the carried messages are of the same type and/or cannot appear at the same time;
Step 1401, the transmitting device transmits a MAC PDU including the MAC subheader and a corresponding MAC control element.
optionally, the distinguishing indication information includes first information for distinguishing different MAC control elements in the same length type and/or second information for indicating whether there is a length indication field.
Optionally, the first information is located in a message type subdivision domain of the MAC subheader;
the second information is located in an extended indication field of the MAC subheader indicating whether a length indication field exists.
optionally, if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
If the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length or a variable length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and/or the second information.
Optionally, the MAC subheader is part or all of the following:
a MAC subheader for a buffer status report BSR;
A MAC subheader for a Power Headroom Report (PHR);
a MAC subheader for activating and/or deactivating indication for member carriers in CA;
a MAC subheader for a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) command;
a MAC subheader for physical layer signaling;
MAC subheader for data volume indication.
optionally, if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR or a MAC subheader for activation and/or deactivation of a component carrier or a MAC subheader for a DRX command, the MAC control units with the same characteristic include MAC control units with fixed lengths, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for BSR or a MAC subheader for PHR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and the second information; or
if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for physical layer signaling or a MAC subheader for data volume indication, the MAC control units with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control unit and a variable-length MAC control unit, and the distinguishing indication information includes the second information.
as shown in fig. 15, the method for a receiving device to perform MAC control element transmission according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
Step 1500, the receiving device receives a MAC PDU including the MAC subheader and a corresponding MAC control element from the sending device, wherein the MAC subheader includes an LCID and a MAC subheader of distinguishing indication information, the LCID and the distinguishing indication information are used together to uniquely identify one MAC control element, and MAC control elements with the same characteristics multiplex the same LCID; the same characteristics are that the carried messages are of the same type and/or cannot appear at the same time;
Step 1501, the receiving device determines a corresponding MAC control unit according to the LCID and the distinguishing indication information.
optionally, the distinguishing indication information includes first information for distinguishing different MAC control elements in the same length type and/or second information for indicating whether there is a length indication field.
Optionally, the first information is located in a message type subdivision domain of the MAC subheader;
The second information is located in an extended indication field of the MAC subheader indicating whether a length indication field exists.
Optionally, if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
if the length type of the MAC control element is a fixed length or a variable length, the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and/or the second information.
Optionally, the MAC subheader is part or all of the following:
a MAC subheader for a buffer status report BSR;
A MAC subheader for a Power Headroom Report (PHR);
a MAC subheader for activating and/or deactivating indication for member carriers in CA;
A MAC subheader for a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) command;
a MAC subheader for physical layer signaling;
MAC subheader for data volume indication.
optionally, if the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR or a MAC subheader for activation and/or deactivation of a component carrier or a MAC subheader for a DRX command, the MAC control units with the same characteristic include MAC control units with fixed lengths, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
If the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for a BSR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information; or
If the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for BSR or a MAC subheader for PHR, the MAC control elements with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control element and a variable-length MAC control element, and the distinguishing indication information includes the first information and the second information; or
If the MAC subheader is a MAC subheader for physical layer signaling or a MAC subheader for data volume indication, the MAC control units with the same characteristics include a fixed-length MAC control unit and a variable-length MAC control unit, and the distinguishing indication information includes the second information.
The present application is described above with reference to block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations of methods, apparatus (systems) and/or computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that one block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, and/or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer and/or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.
Accordingly, the subject application may also be embodied in hardware and/or in software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.). Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-usable or computer-readable storage medium having computer-usable or computer-readable program code embodied in the medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system. In the context of this application, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.