CN107045565A - The design method of the maximum spacing amount of deflection of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring - Google Patents
The design method of the maximum spacing amount of deflection of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the design method of the maximum spacing amount of deflection of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring, belong to vehicle suspension leaf spring technical field.The present invention can be designed according to the structural parameters of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring, modulus of elasticity, maximum permissible stress, rated load, the 1st time and the 2nd contact load to its maximum spacing amount of deflection.By prototype test, the design method of the maximum spacing amount of deflection of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring provided by the present invention is correct, and Reliable Design technology is provided for the design of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring.Accurately and reliably maximum spacing amount of deflection design load is can obtain using this method; effective protection can be played to leaf spring by stopping means; prevent from being broken because being hit, so as to improve leaf spring service life, improve design level, quality and vehicle ride performance and the security of product；Meanwhile, design and testing expenses can be also reduced, accelerate product development speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to setting for vehicle suspension leaf spring, the particularly maximum spacing amount of deflection of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring
Meter method.
Background technology
With the appearance of high strength steel plate material, vehicle suspension can use high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring, so as to enter
The vehicle ride performance and suspension gradual change offset frequency that one step is met under different loads keep constant design requirement, wherein, it is
Raising leaf spring service life, improves vehicle safety, prevents that leaf spring is broken in the case of overload and shock loading,
One stopping means generally is set according to maximum spacing amount of deflection.However, because the gradual change of main spring and one-level auxiliary spring and two grades of auxiliary springs connects
Touch during, contact length and progressive rate all change with load, main spring amount of deflection not only with main spring and one-level auxiliary spring and two grades
The structural parameters of auxiliary spring are relevant, but also relevant with each contact load, therefore, the main spring of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring
Amount of deflection calculates extremely complex, is understood according to consulting reference materials, does not provide high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring inside and outside predecessor State always
The design method of maximum spacing amount of deflection.Continuous improvement with Vehicle Speed and its to ride comfort requirement, to high intensity two
The plate spring suspension system design of level progressive rate proposes requirements at the higher level, therefore, it is necessary to set up a kind of accurate, reliable high intensity two
The design method of the maximum spacing amount of deflection of level progressive rate leaf spring, obtains accurately and reliably maximum spacing amount of deflection design load, improves
Leaf spring service life, meets fast-developing Vehicle Industry, vehicle ride performance and security and its to high intensity two-stage gradual change
The design requirement of rigidity leaf spring, improves design level, quality and vehicle ride performance and the security of product；Meanwhile, may be used also
Reduction design and testing expenses, accelerate product development speed.
The content of the invention
For defect present in above-mentioned prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention be to provide it is a kind of easy,
The design method of the maximum spacing amount of deflection of reliable high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring, design flow diagram, as shown in Figure 1.Deng
Each leaf spring of offset frequency two-stage progressive rate leaf spring uses high-strength steel sheet, and width is b, and modulus of elasticity is E, each leaf spring with
Symmetrical structure centered on central bolt mounting hole, its install clamp away from half L0For U-bolts clamp away from half L0；It is high-strength
The half symmetrical structure of two-stage progressive rate leaf spring is spent as shown in Fig. 2 by main spring 1, first order auxiliary spring 2 and second level auxiliary spring 3
Constitute, wherein, the piece number of main spring 1 is n, and the thickness of main each of spring is hi, half action length is LiT, half clamping length is Li
=LiT-L0/ 2, i=1,2 ..., n, it is K that main spring, which clamps rigidity,M, main spring initial tangential camber is HgM0.The piece of first order auxiliary spring 2
Number is m1, the thickness that first order auxiliary spring is each is hA1j, half action length is LA1jT, half clamping length is LA1j=LAjT-L0/
2, j=1,2 ..., m1, the compound clamping rigidity of main spring and first order auxiliary spring is KMA1, the initial tangential camber of first order auxiliary spring is
HgA10, to ensure to meet the first order gradual change gap delta between the lower surface of main spring tailpiece and the upper surface of first of the first auxiliary springMA1
Design requirement.The piece number of second level auxiliary spring 3 is m2, the thickness that second level auxiliary spring is each is hA2k, half action length is LA2kT,
Half clamping length is LA2k=LA2kT-L0/ 2, k=1,2 ..., m2, total compound rigidity that clamps of major-minor spring is KMA2；Second level pair
The initial tangential camber of spring is HgA20, to ensure between first order auxiliary spring tailpiece lower surface and the upper surface of first of the second auxiliary spring
Second level gradual change gap deltaA12Design requirement.Make according to the main spring amount of deflection corresponding to maximum permissible stress and maximum allowable load
For the maximum spacing amount of deflection of leaf spring, and a stopping means is set according to maximum spacing amount of deflection, leaf spring is shielded, prevent because
The load that is hit and be broken, so as to improve leaf spring service life.Permitted according to the structural parameters, modulus of elasticity, maximum of each leaf spring
With stress, rated load and contact load, the maximum spacing amount of deflection to high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring is designed.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the maximum spacing amount of deflection of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring provided by the present invention
Design method, it is characterised in that use following design procedure：
(1) the maximum allowable load p of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf springmaxDetermination：
Step A：The equivalent thickness of variant number l overlay segment is calculated
According to the piece number n of main spring, the thickness h of main each of springi, i=1,2 ..., n；The piece number m of first order auxiliary spring1, first
The thickness h of each of auxiliary spring of levelA1j, j=1,2 ..., m1；The piece number m of second level auxiliary spring2, the thickness h that second level auxiliary spring is eachA2k, k
=1,2 ..., m2；The piece number sum N of main spring and first order auxiliary spring1=n+m1, the total tablet number N=n+m of major-minor spring1+m2, to gradual change
The equivalent thickness h of the different piece number l overlay segments of stiffness steel plate springleCalculated, l=1,2 ..., N, i.e.,
Wherein, the equivalent thickness h of main spring root lapMe=hne；The root lap of main spring and first order auxiliary spring
Equivalent thickness hMA1e=hN1e；Total equivalent thickness h of the root lap of major-minor springMA2e=hNe；
Step B：The thickness h of the maximum gauge leaf spring of main springmaxIt is determined that
According to the piece number n of main spring, the thickness h of main each of springi, i=1,2 ..., n, to the maximum leaf spring thickness of main spring
Thickness hmaxIt is determined, i.e.,
hmax=max (hi), i=1,2 ..., n；
Step C：Maximum allowable load pmaxDetermination
According to the width b of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring, maximum permissible stress [σ]；The half of main first of spring is clamped
Length L1, the 1st beginning contact load Pk1, the 2nd beginning contact load Pk2, obtained h is calculated in step AMe、hMA1eWith
hMA2e, and h determined by step Bmax, to maximum allowable load pmaxIt is determined, i.e.,
(2) the main spring of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring clamps stiffness KMCalculating：
According to the width b of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring, elastic modulus E；The piece number n of main spring, the one of main each of spring
Half clamping length Li, and obtained h is calculated in step (1)le, l=i=1,2 ..., n clamp stiffness K to main springMCounted
Calculate, i.e.,
(3) the compound clamping stiffness K of the main spring of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring and first order auxiliary springMA1Calculating：
According to the width b of high intensity two-stage leaf spring with gradually changing stiffness, elastic modulus E；The piece number n of main spring, main each of spring
Half clamping length Li, i=1,2 ..., n；The piece number m of first order auxiliary spring1, the half clamping length of each of first order auxiliary spring
LA1j=Ln+j, j=1,2 ..., m1, the piece number sum N of main spring and first order auxiliary spring1=n+m1, and step (1) in calculate obtain
Hle, l=1,2 ..., N1, to the compound clamping stiffness K of main spring and first order auxiliary springMA1Calculated, i.e.,
(4) total compound clamping stiffness K of the major-minor spring of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf springMA2Calculating：
According to the width b of high intensity two-stage leaf spring with gradually changing stiffness, elastic modulus E；The piece number n of main spring, main each of spring
Half clamping length LiI=1,2 ..., n；The piece number m of first order auxiliary spring1, the half clamping length of each of first order auxiliary spring
LA1j=Ln+j, j=1,2 ..., m1；Second level auxiliary spring piece number m2, the half clamping length of each of second level auxiliary spring is respectively LA2k
=LN1+k, k=1,2 ..., m2；Obtained h is calculated in the total tablet number N of major-minor spring, and step (1)le, l=1,2 ..., N are right
Total compound clamping stiffness K of major-minor springMA2Calculated, i.e.,
(5) the maximum spacing amount of deflection f of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf springMmaxDesign：
Start contact load P according to the 1st timek1, the 2nd beginning contact load Pk2, the 2nd full contact load pw2, step
(1) P determined bymax, resulting K is calculated in step (2)~(4) respectivelyM、KMA1And KMA2, it is firm to high intensity two-stage gradual change
Spend the maximum allowable amount of deflection f of leaf springMmaxIt is designed, i.e.,
The present invention has the advantage that than prior art
Because in the gradual change contact process of main spring and one-level auxiliary spring and two grades of auxiliary springs, contact length and progressive rate are all with load
Lotus and change, main spring amount of deflection is not only relevant with the structural parameters of main spring and one-level auxiliary spring and two grades of auxiliary springs, but also is connect with each time
Touch load relevant, therefore, the main spring amount of deflection of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring calculates extremely complex, is understood according to consulting reference materials,
The design method of the maximum spacing amount of deflection of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring is not provided inside and outside predecessor State always.The present invention can be led
Structural parameters, modulus of elasticity, maximum permissible stress, rated load, the 1st time and the 2nd contact load of each of spring and auxiliary spring, it is first
First according to maximum permissible stress and the maximum Root Stress of main spring, determine that the maximum allowable of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring is carried
Lotus, then, clamps the compound clamping rigidity of rigidity, main spring and first order auxiliary spring, major-minor spring according to main spring and is always combined clamping rigidity
And maximum allowable load, the main spring amount of deflection calculating formula of set up high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring is utilized, to its maximum limit
Position amount of deflection is designed.Pass through prototype test, the maximum limit of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring provided by the present invention
The design method of position amount of deflection is correct, and Reliable Design technology is provided for the design of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring.Utilize
This method can obtain accurately and reliably maximum spacing amount of deflection design load, and effective protection can be played to leaf spring by stopping means, prevent
Only it is broken because being hit, so as to improve leaf spring service life, improves design level, quality and the vehicle ride performance of product
And security；Meanwhile, design and testing expenses can be also reduced, accelerate product development speed.
Brief description of the drawings
For a better understanding of the present invention, it is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the design flow diagram of the maximum spacing amount of deflection of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring；
Fig. 2 is the half symmetrical structure schematic diagram of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring；
Fig. 3 is the obtained high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring of simulation calculation of embodiment in 0~PmaxIn the range of main spring
Amount of deflection with load change curve.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by embodiment.
Embodiment：Certain high intensity two-stage leaf spring with gradually changing stiffness, reference picture 2, it includes main spring 3, the and of first order auxiliary spring 2
Second level auxiliary spring 1, the width b=63mm of whole leaf spring, U-bolts clamp away from half L0=50mm, elastic modulus E
=200GPa, maximum permissible stress [σ]=1200MPa.The total tablet number of major-minor spring is N=5, wherein, the piece number n=2 of main spring is main
The thickness h that spring is each1=h2=8mm, the half action length of main each of spring is respectively L1T=525mm, L2T=450mm；Main spring
The half clamping length of each is respectively L1=L1T-L0/ 2=500mm, L2=L2T-L0/ 2=425mm.The piece number of first order auxiliary spring
m1=1, thickness hA11=11mm, half action length is LA11T=360mm, half clamping length LA11=L3=LA11T-L0/ 2=
335mm.The piece number m of second level auxiliary spring2=2, the thickness h that second level auxiliary spring is eachA21=hA22=11mm, each of second level auxiliary spring
Half action length be respectively LA21T=250mm, LA22T=155mm；Half clamping length distinguishes LA21=L4=LA21T-L0/2
=225mm, LA22=L5=LA22T-L0/ 2=130mm.Rated load PN=7227N, one-level starts contact load Pk1=1888N,
Two grades start contact load Pk2=4133N, two grades of full contact load psw2=6678N.According to the structural parameters of each leaf spring,
Modulus of elasticity, maximum permissible stress, rated load and contact load, spacing are scratched to the maximum of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring
Degree is designed, and the maximum spacing amount of deflection to high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring is designed.
The design method of the maximum spacing amount of deflection for the high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring that present example is provided, it sets
Flow is counted as shown in figure 1, specific design step is as follows：
(1) the maximum allowable load p of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf springmaxDetermination：
Step A：The equivalent thickness of variant number l overlay segment is calculated
According to the piece number n=2 of main spring, the thickness h of main each of spring1=h2=8mm；The piece number m of first order auxiliary spring1=1, it is thick
Spend hA11=11mm；The piece number m of second level auxiliary spring2=2, each thickness hA21=hA22=11mm；The total tablet number N=n+m of major-minor spring1
+m2=5, to the equivalent thickness h of variant number l overlay segment of the high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf springleIt is respectively calculated,
L=1,2 ..., N, i.e.,
Wherein, the root lap equivalent thickness h of main springMe=h2e=10.1mm；The root of main spring and first order auxiliary spring
The equivalent thickness h of lapMA1e=h3e=13.3mm；Total equivalent thickness h of the root lap of major-minor springMA2e=h5e=
17.1mm。
Step B：The thickness h of the maximum gauge leaf spring of main springmaxIt is determined that
According to the piece number n=2 of main spring, the thickness h of main each of spring1=h2=8mm, the thickness of the maximum gauge leaf spring of main spring
hmaxIt is determined, i.e.,
hmax=max (h1,h2)=8mm；
Step C：Maximum allowable load pmaxDetermination
According to the width b=63mm of the high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring, maximum permissible stress [σ]=1200MPa；It is main
The half clamping length L of first of spring1=500mm, the 1st beginning contact load Pk1=1888N, the 2nd beginning contact load Pk2
Obtained h is calculated in=4133N, step AMe=10.1mm, hMA1e=13.3mm and hMA2eInstitute is true in=17.1mm, and step B
Fixed hmax=8mm, to maximum allowable load pmaxIt is determined, i.e.,
(2) the main spring of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring clamps stiffness KMCalculating：
According to the width b=63mm of the high intensity leaf spring with gradually changing stiffness, elastic modulus E=200GPa；The piece of main spring
Number n=2, the half clamping length L of main each of spring1=500mm, L2Calculate what is obtained in=425mm, and the step A of step (1)
h1e=8.0mm, h2e=10.1mm, clamps rigidity to main spring and calculates, i.e.,
(3) the compound clamping stiffness K of the main spring of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring and first order auxiliary springMA1：
According to the width b=63mm of the high intensity two-stage leaf spring with gradually changing stiffness, elastic modulus E=200GPa；Main spring
Piece number n=2, the half clamping length L of main each of spring1=500mm, L2=425mm；First order auxiliary spring piece number m1=1, half
Clamping length LA11=L3=335mm, the piece number sum N of main spring and first order auxiliary spring1=n+m1=3, and step (1) step A
It is middle to calculate obtained h1e=8.0mm, h2e=10.1mm, h3e=13.3mm, to the compound clamping rigidity of main spring and first order auxiliary spring
KMA1Calculated, i.e.,
(4) total compound clamping stiffness K of the major-minor spring of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf springMA2Calculating：
According to the width b=63mm of leaf spring with gradually changing stiffness, elastic modulus E=200GPa；The piece number n=2 of main spring, it is main
The half clamping length L of each of spring1=500mm, L2=425mm；The piece number m of first order auxiliary spring1=1, half clamping length LA11
=L3=335mm；The piece number m of second level auxiliary spring2=2, the half clamping length of each is respectively LA21=L4=225mm, LA22=
L5=130mm, the total tablet number N=n+m of major-minor spring1+m2Obtained h is calculated in=5, and the step A of step (1)1e=8.0mm,
h2e=10.1mm, h3e=13.3mm, h4e=15.4mm and h5e=17.1mm；To total compound clamping stiffness K of major-minor springMA2Carry out
Calculate, i.e.,
(5) the maximum spacing amount of deflection f of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf springMmaxDesign：
Start contact load P according to the 1st timek1=1888N, the 2nd beginning contact load Pk2=4133N, the 2nd time completely
Contact load Pw2Maximum allowable load p determined by in=6678N, step (1)maxIn=21705N, step (2)~(4) respectively
K obtained by calculatingM=51.44N/mm, KMA1=112.56N/mm and KMA2=181.86N/mm, to the high intensity two-stage gradual change
The maximum allowable amount of deflection f of rigidity leaf springMmaxIt is designed, i.e.,
Using MATLAB programs, the resulting high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring of simulation calculation is in 0~PmaxIn the range of
Main spring amount of deflection with load change curve, as shown in figure 3, wherein, in bearable load PmaxMaximum defluxion under=21705N
For fMmax=165.7mm matches with the design load of maximum spacing amount of deflection.
Tested by model machine load deflection, the maximum limit of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring provided by the present invention
The design method of position amount of deflection is correct.Using the available accurately and reliably high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring of this method most
The big spacing design level scratched design load, improve high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring, it is ensured that stopping means is to leaf spring in impact
Shielded under load, improve the reliability and service life and vehicle safety of leaf spring；Meanwhile, reduction is designed and made
With expense, accelerate product development speed.
Claims (1)
1. the design method of the maximum spacing amount of deflection of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring, wherein, leaf spring uses high-strength steel sheet,
Each leaf spring be with center mounting hole symmetrical structure, install clamp away from half for U-bolts clamp away from half；Leaf spring
It is made up of main spring and two-stage auxiliary spring, by the initial tangential camber and two-stage gradual change gap of main spring and two-stage auxiliary spring, meets leaf spring
Contact load, progressive rate and the offset frequency that is suspended under gradual change load keep constant design requirement, i.e., the offset frequency type high intensity such as
Two-stage progressive rate leaf spring；It is maximum as leaf spring according to the maximum defluxion corresponding to maximum permissible stress and maximum allowable load
Spacing amount of deflection, and set a stopping means according to maximum spacing amount of deflection, shields to leaf spring, prevent leaf spring because being hit and
Fracture, improves leaf spring service life；According to the structural parameters of each leaf spring, modulus of elasticity, maximum permissible stress, rated load and
Contact load, the maximum spacing amount of deflection to high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring is designed, and specific design step is as follows：
(1) the maximum allowable load p of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf springmaxDetermination：
Step A：The equivalent thickness of variant number l overlay segment is calculated
According to the piece number n of main spring, the thickness h of main each of springi, i=1,2 ..., n；The piece number m of first order auxiliary spring1, first order pair
The thickness h that spring is eachA1j, j=1,2 ..., m1；The piece number m of second level auxiliary spring2, the thickness h that second level auxiliary spring is eachA2k, k=1,
2,...,m2；The piece number sum N of main spring and first order auxiliary spring1=n+m1, the total tablet number N=n+m of major-minor spring1+m2, to progressive rate
The equivalent thickness h of the different piece number l overlay segments of leaf springleCalculated, l=1,2 ..., N, i.e.,
Wherein, the equivalent thickness h of main spring root lapMe=hne；The root lap of main spring and first order auxiliary spring etc.
Imitate thickness hMA1e=hN1e；Total equivalent thickness h of the root lap of major-minor springMA2e=hNe；
Step B：The thickness h of the maximum gauge leaf spring of main springmaxIt is determined that
According to the piece number n of main spring, the thickness h of main each of springi, i=1,2 ..., n, to the thickness of the maximum leaf spring thickness of main spring
hmaxIt is determined, i.e.,
hmax=max (hi), i=1,2 ..., n；
Step C：Maximum allowable load pmaxDetermination
According to the width b of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring, maximum permissible stress [σ]；The half clamping length of main first of spring
L1, the 1st beginning contact load Pk1, the 2nd beginning contact load Pk2, obtained h is calculated in step AMe、hMA1eAnd hMA2e, and B
H determined by stepmax, to maximum allowable load pmaxIt is determined, i.e.,
(2) the main spring of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring clamps stiffness KMCalculating：
According to the width b of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring, elastic modulus E；The piece number n of main spring, the half folder of main each of spring
Tight length Li, and obtained h is calculated in step (1)le, l=i=1,2 ..., n clamp stiffness K to main springMCalculated, i.e.,
1
(3) the compound clamping stiffness K of the main spring of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf spring and first order auxiliary springMA1Calculating：
According to the width b of high intensity two-stage leaf spring with gradually changing stiffness, elastic modulus E；The piece number n of main spring, the one of main each of spring
Half clamping length Li, i=1,2 ..., n；The piece number m of first order auxiliary spring1, the half clamping length L of each of first order auxiliary springA1j=
Ln+j, j=1,2 ..., m1, the piece number sum N of main spring and first order auxiliary spring1=n+m1, and obtained h is calculated in step (1)le, l
=1,2 ..., N1, to the compound clamping stiffness K of main spring and first order auxiliary springMA1Calculated, i.e.,
(4) total compound clamping stiffness K of the major-minor spring of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf springMA2Calculating：
According to the width b of high intensity two-stage leaf spring with gradually changing stiffness, elastic modulus E；The piece number n of main spring, the one of main each of spring
Half clamping length LiI=1,2 ..., n；The piece number m of first order auxiliary spring1, the half clamping length L of each of first order auxiliary springA1j=
Ln+j, j=1,2 ..., m1；Second level auxiliary spring piece number m2, the half clamping length of each of second level auxiliary spring is respectively LA2k=
LN1+k, k=1,2 ..., m2；Obtained h is calculated in the total tablet number N of major-minor spring, and step (1)le, l=1,2 ..., N, to master
Total compound clamping stiffness K of auxiliary springMA2Calculated, i.e.,
(5) the maximum spacing amount of deflection f of high intensity two-stage progressive rate leaf springMmaxDesign：
Start contact load P according to the 1st timek1, the 2nd beginning contact load Pk2, the 2nd full contact load pw2, step (1)
In determined by Pmax, resulting K is calculated in step (2)~(4) respectivelyM、KMA1And KMA2, to high intensity two-stage progressive rate
The maximum allowable amount of deflection f of leaf springMmaxIt is designed, i.e.,
2
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Application publication date: 20170815 |