CN107045559A - Appraisal procedure is deteriorated based on the bridge technology state into bridge original state - Google Patents

Appraisal procedure is deteriorated based on the bridge technology state into bridge original state Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107045559A
CN107045559A CN201611146680.3A CN201611146680A CN107045559A CN 107045559 A CN107045559 A CN 107045559A CN 201611146680 A CN201611146680 A CN 201611146680A CN 107045559 A CN107045559 A CN 107045559A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
bridge
state
technology
service life
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201611146680.3A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN107045559B (en
Inventor
黎力韬
王龙林
陈齐风
王海华
林子安
于孟生
余舟
黄佳栋
郝天之
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangxi Transportation Research Institute
Original Assignee
Guangxi Transportation Research Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangxi Transportation Research Institute filed Critical Guangxi Transportation Research Institute
Priority to CN201611146680.3A priority Critical patent/CN107045559B/en
Publication of CN107045559A publication Critical patent/CN107045559A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN107045559B publication Critical patent/CN107045559B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)

Abstract

Appraisal procedure is deteriorated the invention discloses a kind of bridge technology state based on into bridge original state, state of the art scoring, time of the bridge technology state without deterioration, same type bridge statistics service life and bridge operation 4 parameters of use time when being built up using bridge, bridge can be described and build up into after the operation phase by establishing, with environment, load and material property etc. all when constantly changing, the model of bridge technology state deterioration process.Bridge technology state estimation and prediction are carried out using the bridge technology state degradation model of the present invention, targetedly bridge can be detected, conserved, repaired and reinforced, the reasonability for ensure maintenance, reinforcing, transform scale, bridge is kept good state of the art, and effectively extend the service life of bridge.

Description

Appraisal procedure is deteriorated based on the bridge technology state into bridge original state
Technical field
The invention belongs to bridge machinery, evaluation, care field, more particularly to a kind of bridge skill based on into bridge original state Art state deteriorates appraisal procedure.
Background technology
Bridge all experiencings construction, military service, functional deterioration, the process scrapped.In use, elapse over time, Internally or under outside or natural unfavorable factor effect, by the aging of generating material and structural damage, the accumulation of this damage Structural behaviour will be caused to deteriorate, reliability reduction, in the case of not maintenance and reinforcement, its function will necessarily accelerate decline.By It is made up of in bridge the stock such as steel and concrete, by statistical analysis, for newly-built and in-service bridge, its deterioration has similar Rule, the reliability in research prediction bridge future seems particularly significant with state.In order to be able to preferably predict bridge service state And residual life, lot of domestic and international scholar is studied the reliability degradation model of bridge structure, but relevant bridge structure The data and document of state of the art degradation model are also fewer.
Such as《China and foreign countries' highway》The paper " research of concrete-bridge degradation model " published on periodical is directed to concrete bridge Girder construction, establishes two sections, three sections of linear degradation models, n sections of linearity and non-linearity degradation models, with reference to me with reference to the function that comes into force The codes and standards analysis of state gives parameter value therein, and basic two benches nonlinear model expression formula is shown in formula during no maintenance (1)。
β (t)=β.-α(t-tI)F(tI) (1)
In formula (1)：β.First reliability is built up for bridge structure；tIFor bridge structure start deterioration time, using year as Unit；α is bridge structure without structural reliability deterioration rate when repairing.The degradation model of the bridge becomes maintenance decision work More concisely, conveniently.
Such as《World's bridge》The paper published on periodical " is ground based on the steel bridge maintenance strategy optimization that performance degradation is analyzed Study carefully " consider the influence factors such as environment, load, bridge technology state is represented with RELIABILITY INDEX, state index, introducing changes Logistic dynamic particles colony optimization algorithm, the Monte-Carlo entered is simulated, during proposing that bridge is on active service, reliability index, shape State index once and quadratic nonlinearity degradation model, set up bridge structure time-dependent ability index computation model formula (2)：
In formula (2)：β.First reliability, t are built up for bridge structureIFor bridge structure start deterioration time, using year as Unit；EIFor environment coefficient, SEFor equivalent damage coefficient；α1To be true according to structural stress state and volume of traffic state of development Fixed RELIABILITY INDEX damage accumulation coefficient.
Such as《Railway science and engineering journal》" deterioration bridge probability safeguards model and maintenance to the paper published on periodical The nonlinear model of following bridge technology state index is established in scheme cost optimization research "：
In formula (3)：C.Original state index is built up for bridge structure；tCIStart the deterioration time for bridge state index, with Year is unit；α2For bridge structure deterioration rate.
Above-mentioned model cannot be only used for it is newly-built into bridge, also available for the old bridge for many years of being on active service, but its degradation model is estimated Value and actual value deviation are larger so that the evaluation work degree of accuracy and confidence level are not high enough.In order to accurate to carrying out bridge technology state Really assess and predict, targetedly bridge can be detected, conserve, repair and reinforced, accomplish that human and material resources resource has Put arrow, it is ensured that maintenance, reinforce, the reasonability of transformation scale, bridge is kept good state of the art, and prolong to a certain extent The service life of long bridge, this has important practice to anticipate for bridge security life-span, sustainable operation and socio-economic development Justice and realistic meaning.Therefore, it is badly in need of a kind of bridge technology state deterioration appraisal procedure to solve the above problems, to record, to retouch State, predict that bridge technology state deteriorates rule.
The content of the invention
In order to improve bridge technology state estimation and precision of prediction problem, one kind of the present invention is based on into bridge initial shape The bridge technology state deterioration appraisal procedure of state, the Non-linear function expression changed using exponential form is as bridge technology shape State degradation model, the deterioration rule to describe bridge technology state.
A kind of bridge technology state based on into bridge original state deteriorates appraisal procedure, and the appraisal procedure is built up in bridge When state of the art scoring, time of the bridge technology state without deterioration, same type bridge statistics service life and bridge operation make With the deterioration assessment of bridge state is carried out in the data basis of time, the appraisal procedure comprises the following steps：
Step a. obtains Starting Technical condition grading D when bridge is built upc, time N of the bridge technology state without deteriorationc, bridge Bridge technology condition grading D (1), D (2), D (3) ... D (n) in the use time n and use time n of beam；
Step b. calculates the deterioration rate α of bridge technology state；
Step c. is calculated according to deterioration rate α and same type bridge counts service life NdCalculate the constant in degradation model A value；
According to step a, the parameters obtained into step c determines the degradation model of bridge to step d., and the deterioration of rendering technique state is bent Line, carries out deterioration assessment, the degradation model such as following formula：
Wherein：DcState of the art scoring when being built up for bridge, NcFor time of the bridge technology state without deterioration, NdTo be same Type bridge statistics service life, n are that bridge operation use time, A are constant；
As operation n after bridge is built up, according to bridge technology condition grading D (1) over the years, D (2), D (3) ... D (n), If evaluating Time Continuous over the years, beam state of the art deterioration rate α is calculated by formula (5)；If the evaluation time is discontinuous over the years, by formula (6) beam state of the art deterioration rate α is calculated：
α=max D (1)-D (2), D (2)-D (3) ..., D (n-1)-D (n) } (5)
Wherein：D (1) is the state of the art scoring when use time of bridge is the 1st year, and D (2) is the use time of bridge For the 2nd year when state of the art scoring, D (3) is the state of the art scoring when use time of bridge is the 3rd year, and D (j) is bridge The use time of beam is jth year bridge technology state, and D (k) is that the use time of bridge is kth year bridge technology state, D (n- 1) be (n-1) year bridge technology state, D (n) is the state of the art scoring when use time of bridge is 1 year.
According to a large amount of bridge technology status data statistical analyses, the same type bridge statistics service life NdBy such as lower section Method is determined；Concrete foot bridge statistics service life NdValue 40 years；Concrete jackshaft statistics service life NdValue 55 years；Coagulation Native bridge statistics service life NdValue 80 years；Concrete grand bridge statistics service life NdValue 100 years.
Nc, A value sizes influence factor it is especially many, be related to design, material, construction and bridge operation etc. all too many levels, Different bridge Nc, A value difference it is larger.A is relevant with bridge technology state deterioration maximum attenuation rate α, and A and α value relations are shown in Table 1, interpolation calculation is carried out according to table 1.
Table 1
Constant A is relevant with bridge technology state deterioration maximum attenuation rate α, can be fitted using parabola of higher degree, this hair It is bright that certain state of the art deterioration attenuation rate α computational constants A is chosen according to following methods.
Work as Nd=40 years, NcAt=0 year, A values approximate with α value relations can be calculated according to formula (7) and determined, DcWhen >=90 A and α relationship affect can be neglected.
A=-0.0137 α2+0.738α+0.5526 (7)
Work as Nd=55 years, NcAt=4 years, A values approximate with α value relations can be calculated according to formula (8) and determined, DcWhen >=90 A and α relationship affect can be neglected.
A=-0.0404 α2+1.8401α-0.694 (8)
Work as Nd=80 years, NcAt=6 years, A values approximate with α value relations can be calculated according to formula (9) and determined, DcWhen >=90 A and α relationship affect can be neglected.
A=-0.0826 α2+2.6646α-0.6841 (9)
Work as Nd=100 years, NcAt=8 years, DcA and α relationship affect can be neglected when >=90, A and α value relations Approximate value can be calculated according to formula (10) and determined.
A=-0.136 α2+3.5508α-0.6976 (10)
Wherein：α is bridge technology state deterioration rate, and A is the power of degradation model
Step e. calculates bridge technology condition evaluation prediction value according to bridge degradation model, assesses the bridge current residing life-span Interval, it is interval in time in the bridge corresponding life-span according to the critical point prediction bridge maintaining timing node of bridge technology State Maintenance Intermediate node is detected to it, is conserved, repaired and reinforced.
Advantages of the present invention：
Based on a large amount of bridge technology status data Research on Statistics and Analysis, through parameters sensitivity analysis, science chooses bridge skill Art condition evaluation prediction parameter, instant invention overcomes the problem of deterioration assessment models precision is not high in the prior art, it is possible to achieve High-precision assessment and prediction bridge technology state；Targetedly bridge can be carried out according to bridge technology state estimation value Detection, maintenance, maintenance and reinforcing, make bridge keep good state of the art, and effectively extend the service life of bridge.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is deterioration appraisal procedure bridge technology state degradation curve schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Long-term follow, bridge total length 60m, superstructure are carried out to the state of the art of a certain reinforced concrete hollow slab jackshaft For 3 × 20m concrete core slabs, 11 beams of lateral arrangement, deck-molding 0.90m, wide 1.00m；Abutment is gravity type stone-laying abutment, again Power formula stone-laying bridge pier, pier, stylobate plinth are Extended chemotherapy；Bridge deck pavement is Portland Cement Concrete Surface Course, and guardrail uses anti-collision wall Pattern；The built time of the bridge is 1994, and bridge age is 23 years at 2016.Data when being built up according to the bridge, determines bridge Starting Technical condition grading Dc when building up is 95 points, has carried out 4 detecting appraisals altogether to the bridge during 23 years, has been within 1994 The initial bridge construction time, the detecting appraisal time is respectively 2003,2007,2011 and 2016, state of the art appraisal result D (1)=Dc=95, D (10)=85, D (14)=81, D (18)=76, D (23)=71, evaluation time and the evaluation result such as institute of table 2 Show.
Table 2 evaluates time and state of the art evaluation result
State of the art appraisal result is substituted into bridge technology state deterioration rate α=1.25 during formula (6) can be obtained 23 years, due to Bridge floor series concrete jackshaft, therefore, statistics service life NdValue 55 years, the numerical value in table 1 carries out interpolation arithmetic, passes through Interpolation arithmetic show that underworld time A is 1.543 in degradation model parameter；Bridge is 95 in the state of the art scoring of 1994, therefore really Determine time N of the bridge technology state without deteriorationcFor 1 year；By Starting Technical condition grading Dc, service life Nd, power A, bridge skill Time N of the art state without deteriorationcSubstitution formula (4) can draw following degradation model expression formula：
Curve is assessed in the deterioration for drawing the model expression, as shown in figure 1, bridge technology state is with using as known in the figure The relation of the time limit, the bridge when in use between be 34 years (i.e. 2027) when technical condition evaluation predicted value reach 65, it is necessary to plus Gu；Technical condition evaluation predicted value reaches 50, it is necessary to overhaul when use time is 40 years (i.e. 2033).

Claims (8)

1. a kind of bridge technology state based on into bridge original state deteriorates appraisal procedure, the appraisal procedure is when bridge is built up State of the art scoring, time of the bridge technology state without deterioration, same type bridge statistics service life and bridge operation use The deterioration of bridge state is carried out in the data basis of time to assess, it is characterised in that：The appraisal procedure comprises the following steps：
Step a. obtains Starting Technical condition grading D when bridge is built upc, time N of the bridge technology state without deteriorationc, bridge Bridge technology condition grading D (1), D (2), D (3) ... D (n) in use time n and use time n；
Step b. calculates the deterioration rate α of bridge technology state；
Step c. is calculated according to deterioration rate α and same type bridge counts service life NdCalculate the constant A in degradation model Value；
According to step a, the parameters obtained into step c determines the degradation model of bridge to step d., rendering technique state degradation curve, Carry out deterioration assessment, the degradation model such as following formula：
Wherein：DcState of the art scoring when being built up for bridge, NcFor time of the bridge technology state without deterioration, NdFor same type Bridge statistics service life, n are that bridge operation use time, A are constant；
Step e. calculates bridge technology condition evaluation prediction value according to bridge degradation model, assesses bridge residing lifetime region at present Between, according to the critical point prediction bridge maintaining timing node of bridge technology State Maintenance, the bridge corresponding life-span it is interval in time between Node is conserved to it, repaired and reinforced.
2. the bridge technology state according to claim 1 based on into bridge original state deteriorates appraisal procedure, its feature exists In：When bridge builds up operation n, when obtaining evaluation Time Continuous in the interior bridge technology condition gradings of n, n, bridge technology shape State deterioration rate α is determined as the following formula：
α=max D (1)-D (2), D (2)-D (3) ..., D (n-1)-D (n) }
Wherein：D (1) for bridge use 1 year when state of the art scoring, D (2) is that bridge is commented using state of the art at 2 years Point, D (3) for bridge use 3 years when state of the art scoring, D (n-1) is that the use time of bridge is (n-1) year bridge State of the art, D (n) is the state of the art scoring when use time of bridge is 1 year.
3. the bridge technology state according to claim 1 based on into bridge original state deteriorates appraisal procedure, its feature exists In：When bridge builds up operation n, bridge technology condition grading in n is obtained, when the n interior evaluation times are discontinuous, bridge technology State deterioration rate α is determined as the following formula：
Wherein：D (1) is the state of the art scoring when use time of bridge is the 1st year, and D (2) is that the use time of bridge is the State of the art scoring at 2 years, D (3) is the state of the art scoring when use time of bridge is the 3rd year, and D (j) is bridge Use time is jth year bridge technology state, and D (k) is that the use time of bridge is kth year bridge technology state, and D (n-1) is The bridge technology state in (n-1) year, D (n) is the state of the art scoring when use time of bridge is 1 year.
4. the bridge technology state according to claim 1 based on into bridge original state deteriorates appraisal procedure, its feature exists In：The same type bridge statistics service life NdDetermine as follows；Concrete foot bridge statistics service life NdValue 40 Year；Concrete jackshaft statistics service life NdValue 55 years；Concrete bridge statistics service life NdValue 80 years；Concrete is special Bridge statistics service life NdValue 100 years.
5. the bridge technology state according to claim 3 based on into bridge original state deteriorates appraisal procedure, its feature exists In：The same type bridge statistics service life NdDuring value 40 years, A values approximate with α value relations are determined according to the following formula：
A=-0.0137 α2+0.738α+0.5526
Wherein：α is bridge technology state deterioration rate, and A is the power of degradation model.
6. the bridge technology state degradation model according to claim 3 based on into bridge original state, it is characterised in that：Institute State same type bridge statistics service life NdDuring value 55 years, A values approximate with α value relations are determined according to the following formula：
A=-0.0404 α2+1.8401α-0.694
Wherein：α is bridge technology state deterioration rate, and A is the power of degradation model.
7. the bridge technology state degradation model according to claim 3 based on into bridge original state, it is characterised in that：Institute State same type bridge statistics service life NdDuring value 80 years, A values approximate with α value relations are determined according to the following formula：
A=-0.0826 α2+2.6646α-0.6841
Wherein：α is bridge technology state deterioration rate, and A is the power of degradation model.
8. the bridge technology state degradation model according to claim 3 based on into bridge original state, it is characterised in that：Institute State same type bridge statistics service life NdDuring value 100 years, A values approximate with α value relations are determined according to the following formula：
A=-0.136 α2+3.5508α-0.6976
Wherein：α is bridge technology state deterioration rate, and A is the power of degradation model.
CN201611146680.3A 2016-12-13 2016-12-13 Based on the bridge technology state deterioration appraisal procedure at bridge original state Active CN107045559B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201611146680.3A CN107045559B (en) 2016-12-13 2016-12-13 Based on the bridge technology state deterioration appraisal procedure at bridge original state

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201611146680.3A CN107045559B (en) 2016-12-13 2016-12-13 Based on the bridge technology state deterioration appraisal procedure at bridge original state

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107045559A true CN107045559A (en) 2017-08-15
CN107045559B CN107045559B (en) 2019-11-05

Family

ID=59543186

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201611146680.3A Active CN107045559B (en) 2016-12-13 2016-12-13 Based on the bridge technology state deterioration appraisal procedure at bridge original state

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107045559B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113094843A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-07-09 哈尔滨工业大学 Solving method for conditional probability of beam bridge evaluation based on Bayesian network

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101451338A (en) * 2008-07-31 2009-06-10 重庆大学 Separation method of bridge structural state historical information
CN101696912A (en) * 2009-11-02 2010-04-21 重庆交通大学 Method for health diagnosis of concrete bridge structure based on statistical indexes
CN103033387A (en) * 2012-12-28 2013-04-10 重庆交通大学 Method for bridge girder dangerous condition diagnosis based on data drive
CN104778514A (en) * 2015-04-17 2015-07-15 重庆交通大学 Bridge or component safety state prediction method on basis of complex system theory
CN105241660A (en) * 2015-11-09 2016-01-13 西南交通大学 High-speed rail large-scale bridge performance evaluation method based on health monitoring data
CN105718658A (en) * 2016-01-21 2016-06-29 上海巨一科技发展有限公司 Large-size bridge online evaluating system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101451338A (en) * 2008-07-31 2009-06-10 重庆大学 Separation method of bridge structural state historical information
CN101696912A (en) * 2009-11-02 2010-04-21 重庆交通大学 Method for health diagnosis of concrete bridge structure based on statistical indexes
CN103033387A (en) * 2012-12-28 2013-04-10 重庆交通大学 Method for bridge girder dangerous condition diagnosis based on data drive
CN104778514A (en) * 2015-04-17 2015-07-15 重庆交通大学 Bridge or component safety state prediction method on basis of complex system theory
CN105241660A (en) * 2015-11-09 2016-01-13 西南交通大学 High-speed rail large-scale bridge performance evaluation method based on health monitoring data
CN105718658A (en) * 2016-01-21 2016-06-29 上海巨一科技发展有限公司 Large-size bridge online evaluating system

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JAEHO LEE ET AL.: "Modelling Long-term Bridge Deterioration at Structural Member Level Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques", 《APPLIED MECHANICS AND MATERIALS》 *
邵旭东 等: "基于概率的桥梁劣化模型与维护策略关系", 《重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版)》 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113094843A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-07-09 哈尔滨工业大学 Solving method for conditional probability of beam bridge evaluation based on Bayesian network

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107045559B (en) 2019-11-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Casas Reliability-based assessment of masonry arch bridges
Gupta et al. Critical review of flexible pavement performance models
CN105512767A (en) Flood forecasting method of multiple forecast periods
Val et al. Life‐cycle performance of RC bridges: probabilistic approach
Varlamov et al. Planning and management of urban environment using the models of degradation theory
CN106257541A (en) A kind of modification method of bridge finite element model
CN101792992B (en) Permanent pavement design method
CN103544388B (en) Method for predicting long-term down-warping of PRC (prestressed reinforced concrete) continuous rigid frame bridge
Yuefei et al. Reliability updating and prediction of bridge structures based on proof loads and monitored data
CN106934207B (en) Bridge based on state of the art evaluation result deteriorates appraisal procedure
CN107045559B (en) Based on the bridge technology state deterioration appraisal procedure at bridge original state
CN103942430A (en) Building settlement prediction method based on combined model
CN117763675A (en) BP neural network-based reinforcement corrosion aqueduct state evaluation method and system
Fan et al. Reliability prediction of bridges based on monitored data and Bayesian dynamic models
CN106407734B (en) A kind of bridge technology state deterioration appraisal procedure introducing parameter lambda
Li Time dependent reliability analysis of the serviceability of corrosion affected concrete structures
CN107341282A (en) Improved bridge deterioration appraisal procedure based on the previous year state of the art
CN111339710B (en) Concrete solid structure early strength integral judgment method
So et al. Life-cycle cost management of concrete bridges
CN107330234A (en) Bridge technology state deteriorates appraisal procedure under service mode
Shi et al. Life-cycle study of concrete bridges strengthened with carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer
Richard et al. Life-cycle performance model for composites in construction
Mahmoodian et al. Service life prediction of coastal infrastructures in Australia
Zhuang et al. Reliability analysis of residual service life of restored concrete bridge
Feng et al. Prediction for foundation settlement of high-speed railway based on gm (1, 1) model

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant