CN107045050B - The grading forewarning system method of flow rate threshold is utilized under a kind of pop-up threat - Google Patents
The grading forewarning system method of flow rate threshold is utilized under a kind of pop-up threat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of grading forewarning system methods that flow rate threshold is utilized under pop-up threat, which comprises the following steps: 1) divides to pollutant warning grade, using hierarchy model (A)2) flow rate threshold is calculated using the pollutant concentration monitor value c detected, determines dispersal pattern model (1) of the pollutant in river,(1) 3) when pop-up threat occurs, pollutant concentration value detected by the detector positioned at reservoir is transferred to early warning hierarchy model and flow rate threshold computation model, divides to pollutant degree of danger, determines warning level.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental projects and ecological engineering technology field, and in particular to stream is utilized under a kind of pop-up threat
The grading forewarning system method of fast threshold value simultaneously copes with pop-up threat using this method.
Background technique
In recent years, Three Gorges Reservoir upstream establishes more medium-sized chemical plant, and considerably increase river water source ground contamination can
It can property.In addition, data are shown, oneself has been more than 3500 tons to the annual petroleum transportation in Three Gorges, therefore how research ensures water head site
The water quality safety of drinking water is highly important.According to reservoir area of Three Gorges potable water source district Water Environment Status quo, commented in conjunction with water quality safety
Sentence system, constructs reservoir area of Three Gorges Water Quality Safety of Drinking Water Source early-warning and predicting model framework.Based on water quality model to pollutant
It is diffused simulation, establishes water quality safety forecast submodel；Based on water monitoring data, warning grade division is carried out, is established
Water quality safety early warning submodel；Using MATLAB powerful calculating and graphic capability, reservoir area of Three Gorges potable water source district is constructed
Water quality safety early-warning and predicting model.
Summary of the invention
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: utilizing flow rate threshold under a kind of pop-up threat
Grading forewarning system method, comprising the following steps:
1) pollutant warning grade is divided, using hierarchy model (A).
Wherein, c- monitor value；c1Background value；c2Standard value；c3Pollutant average value
The monitor value is automatic control station surveyed Mixing Coefficient in Rectangular Channels water concentration numerical value when being occurred by accident.The back
Scape value is the average value in water source area pollutant concentration many years monitoring data.The standard value is in water environment quality standard
(GB3838-2002) meet the requirement of third level in.
When the functional value EW (C) of the hierarchy model (A) obtained according to pollutant concentration monitor value c value is less than 0, drink
Water head site starts water quality safety primary warning；When EW (C) is between 0 and 1, it is pre- that potable water source district starts water quality safety middle rank
It is alert；When Early-warning Model functional value EW (C) is greater than 1, potable water source district starts the advanced early warning of water quality safety, stops water intaking.
2) flow rate threshold is calculated using the pollutant water concentration monitor value c detected
Determine dispersal pattern model of the pollutant in river, with formula (l } indicate
Assuming that pollution sources are located between two boundaries there are two boundaries, consider the reflex on boundary, can lead at this time
The reflex that the virtual source assumed carrys out simulating boundary is crossed, model (1) is changed to formula (2)
c≤c1
ux>0
Constraint condition: b < B
The calculation formula of each parameter is as follows in model:
Wherein: mono- monitor value of c, mg/l；
c1One national water standard concentration value, mg/l；
c0One water body background concentration value, mg/l；
Mono- pollutant quality of M, g；
The mono- river depth of water of h, m；
Mono- limiting time of t, s；
The diffusion coefficient in the direction Dx-X；
The diffusion coefficient in the direction Dy-Y；
Mono- attenuation coefficient of K, d-1
uX-X direction flow velocity, m/s；
Mono- pollution sources of b are at a distance from bank, m；
Mono- river width of B, m；
Mono- hydraulic gradient of i.
Using the model determination in the case of pop-up threat, by determining that the depth of water and limiting time etc. constrain item
Part is meeting national water standard (under the requirement of water environment quality standard (GB 3838-2002 >), when calculating restriction
Interior to reach flow rate of water flow required for national water standard, when flow velocity is greater than flow velocity door screen value, river water can pass through self-cleaning
Ability reaches three classes water standard in 5 days.If flow velocity is less than flow velocity threshold value, can intuitively it judge within the crash time
River cannot solve the problems, such as water pollution by itself self-purification capacity.Then need to provide a response item for scheduling aspect
Part.
3) when pop-up threat occurs, pollutant concentration value detected by the detector positioned at reservoir is transferred to early warning
Hierarchy model and flow rate threshold computation model, divide pollutant degree of danger, the stream for determining warning level, while obtaining
Fast threshold value is compared with flow velocity actual in reservoir, if VIt is practical> VThreshold, reservoir passes through self-cleaning can reach water quality mark in 5 days
Quasi- value, if VIt is practical< VThreshold, river cannot solve the problems, such as water pollution by itself self-purification capacity, should take other measures such as object
Reason, chemistry and biological control measure are handled.
Effect of the invention, the present invention utilize existing numerical model and Visualization Platform, and inverting typical case's potable water source district exists
Suddenly accident scene under different water environment situations, and grade classification, water are carried out to the pollution level of unexpected environmental accident
When matter contamination accident happens suddenly, concentration value measured by monitoring station is carried out by the monitoring data of water quality early-warning model, pollutant concentration
Analysis, can determine warning level, subsequent urgency signal can be published to relevant departments, take the measure of corresponding warning level.
And consider that concentration issues different alarms from flow velocity, for different grades of sudden water pollution event, in conjunction with related physical,
Chemistry and biological control measure, are administered.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is grading forewarning system schematic diagram.
The relational graph of pollutant concentration and flow velocity when Fig. 2 is flood season.
The relational graph of pollutant concentration and flow velocity when Fig. 3 is the water storage phase
Fig. 4 is the relational graph of pollutant concentration and flow velocity when falling the phase of disappearing.
Fig. 5 is the combination figure for being classified alarm and flow rate threshold.
Fig. 6 is that reservoir area of Three Gorges water quality safety forecasts submodel figure.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
The grading forewarning system method of flow rate threshold is utilized under a kind of pop-up threat, comprising the following steps:
1) pollutant warning grade is divided, the present Research and its hair of the current Water Quality Evaluation method of comprehensive analysis
Exhibition trend, selection operation is simple, and operation is convenient and meets the progress warning level division of the method for early warning of reservoir area of Three Gorges actual conditions.
Inventor creates hierarchy model (A).
Wherein, c- monitor value；c1Background value；c2Standard value；c3Pollutant average value.The monitor value is to pass through accident
Automatic control station surveyed Mixing Coefficient in Rectangular Channels water concentration numerical value when generation.The background value is more in water source area pollutant concentration
The average value of year monitoring data.The standard value meets third level in water environment quality standard (GB3838-2002)
Requirement.
Fig. 1 is grading forewarning system schematic diagram, as the Early-warning Model functional value EW obtained according to pollutant concentration monitor value c value
(C) less than 0 when, potable water source district starts water quality safety primary warning.When EW (C) is between 0 and 1, potable water source district is opened
Dynamic water quality safety middle rank early warning, shows water head site there are risk of exceeding criterion, relevant departments carry out Emergency management preparation, consider to stop
It only fetches water, carries out drinking water deposit work, it is ensured that the just common water of resident.When Early-warning Model functional value EW (C) be greater than 1, drinking water
Start to source the advanced early warning of water quality safety, shows that water head site is exceeded, the safety of the water quality safety of potable water source district to the mankind
It is formed dangerous, it is necessary to stop water intaking, relevant departments take urgent measure improvement at once, strive for making water head site drinking water quality as early as possible
Reach safe concentration.
2) flow rate threshold is calculated using the pollutant water concentration monitor value c detected.
First determine dispersal pattern model of the pollutant in river, can with formula (1 } indicate
Assuming that pollution sources are located between two boundaries there are two boundaries, consider the reflex on boundary, can lead at this time
The reflex that the virtual source assumed carrys out simulating boundary is crossed, model (1) is changed to formula (2)
c≤c1
ux>0
ux>0
Constraint condition: b < B
The calculation formula of each parameter is as follows in model:
Wherein: mono- monitor value of c, mg/l；
c1One national water standard concentration value, mg/l；
c.One water body background concentration value, mg/l；
Mono- pollutant quality of M, g；
The mono- river depth of water of h, m；
Mono- limiting time of t, s；
The diffusion coefficient in the direction Dx-X；
The diffusion coefficient in the direction Dy-Y；
Mono- attenuation coefficient of K, d-1
uX-X direction flow velocity, m/s；
Mono- pollution sources of b are at a distance from bank, m；
Mono- river width of B, m；
Mono- hydraulic gradient of i.
The present invention is for simulating the strain of the Changjiang river Yichang and return water head site Oil spills accident, wherein data used for 2015 times
Hydrographic data is calculated, and flood season is May to August part, and the water storage phase is September And October, and the phase that falls that disappears is April November to next year.
Corresponding river width B is 2000m, and the decay coefficient K of petroleum is 0.0000015, and contamination accident chooses river center, i.e. b=
1000m, national three classes water standard cl=O.OSmg/l.By calculating, flood season depth of water h=133.04m, Dx=61.11, Dy=
l.ss；Water storage phase depth of water h=149.33m, Dx=72.7, Dy=1.84；Disappear and falls phase depth of water h=153.74m, Dx=75.91, Dy
=1.92.
According to Three Gorges hydrological variation, being divided into three periods is calculated, with the feasibility of confirmatory experiment.Fig. 1, figure
2 and Fig. 3 respectively represents flood season, water storage phase and the flow velocity threshold value for falling in period phase and guaranteeing drinking water safety that disappears.In required scheduling
It in limit, is calculated by simulation, can obtain the river flow thresholds of the guarantee water quality reaching standard in each period, such as this simulation case
In, the emergency scheduling time be 5 days, therefore in the calculating simulation calculating time of flow velocity threshold value be limited with 5 days, in simulation process
Pollutant selects petroleum, quality 600t.By calculate, the flow velocity threshold value in flood season, water storage phase and the phase that falls that disappears be distributed as
0.017m/s, 0.014m/s and 0.013mls.When the flow velocity in the period is greater than flow velocity threshold value, river water can be by from net energy
Power reaches three classes water standard in 5 days.If flow velocity is less than flow velocity threshold value, can intuitive judgment go out river within the crash time
Stream cannot solve the problems, such as water pollution by itself self-purification capacity.Need to provide a response condition for scheduling aspect.
3) Fig. 5 is the combination figure for being classified alarm and flow rate threshold.When pop-up threat occurs, positioned at the detector of reservoir
Detected pollutant concentration value is transferred to early warning hierarchy model and flow rate threshold computation model, to pollutant degree of danger into
Row divides, and the flow rate threshold for determining warning level, while obtaining is compared with flow velocity actual in reservoir, if VIt is practical> VThreshold, water
Library can reach water standard value by self-cleaning in 5 days, if VIt is practical< VThreshold, river cannot solve water by itself self-purification capacity
The problem of matter pollutes, should take other measures such as physics, chemistry and biological control measure to be handled.
Physical method: absorption method goes the organic contaminations such as benzene homologues, phenols, pesticide in water removal using adsorbent materials such as active carbons
Object.Activated carbon application is extensive at present, can cope with 60 Some Organic Pollutants.Active carbon is divided into Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) and granular
Active carbon (GAC).In water pollution in Songhuajiang River accident urban water supply emergency processing in 2005, PAC absorption source water nitre is formd
Base benzene and processing water factory's sand filter increase the emergency handling process of GAC filtering layer dual safety barrier newly, and nitro phenenyl concentration is full after processing
Sufficient water standard.
Chemical method: the chemical emergency disposal measure for burst water pollution accident is mainly oxidative decomposition process.Oxygenolysis
Method uses the oxidants such as potassium permanganate, ozone by organic pollutants oxidation removal.
Bioanalysis: biological treatment be by the phagocytosis of microbe matter, by the effects of metabolism by it
It decomposes and converts, to achieve the purpose that remove organic matter.
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail in above-described embodiment.It is apparent that the present invention is not limited being retouched
The embodiment stated.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also make a variety of variations accordingly, but appoint
What is equal with the present invention or similar variation shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. utilizing the grading forewarning system method of flow rate threshold under a kind of pop-up threat, which comprises the following steps:
1) pollutant warning grade is divided, using hierarchy model (A),
Wherein, c- monitor value；c1Background value；c2Standard value；c3Pollutant average value；
The monitor value is the surveyed Mixing Coefficient in Rectangular Channels water concentration numerical value of automatic control station, the background value when being occurred by accident
It is in the average value of water source area pollutant concentration many years monitoring data, the standard value is in water environment quality standard
(GB3838-2002) meet the requirement of third level in；
2) flow rate threshold is calculated using the pollutant water concentration monitor value c detected, determines diffusion of the pollutant in river
Pattern model is indicated with formula (l)
Model (1) is changed to formula (2)
c≤c1
ux>0
Constraint condition: b < B
The calculation formula of each parameter is as follows in model:
Wherein: c-monitor value, mg/l；
c1- country water standard concentration value, mg/l；
C-water body background concentration value, mg/l；
M-pollutant quality, g；
H-river the depth of water, m；
T-limiting time, s；
DxThe diffusion coefficient of -X direction；
DyThe diffusion coefficient of -Y direction；
K-attenuation coefficient, d-1
uX-X direction flow velocity, m/s；
B-pollution sources are at a distance from bank, m；
B-river width, m；
I-hydraulic gradient；
3) when pop-up threat occurs, pollutant concentration value detected by the detector positioned at reservoir is transferred to early warning classification
Model and flow rate threshold computation model, divide pollutant degree of danger, determine warning level；
In step 1), when the functional value EW (c) of the hierarchy model (A) obtained according to pollutant concentration monitor value c value is less than 0
When, potable water source district starts water quality safety primary warning；When EW (c) is between 0 and 1, potable water source district starts water quality peace
Full middle rank early warning；When Early-warning Model functional value EW (c) is greater than 1, potable water source district starts the advanced early warning of water quality safety, stops taking
Water.
2. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2), when flow velocity is greater than flow rate threshold, river water
Body can reach three classes water standard by self-purification capacity in 5 days；If flow velocity is less than flow rate threshold, can intuitively it judge
The river within the crash time cannot solve the problems, such as water pollution by itself self-purification capacity out, then need to mention for scheduling aspect
For response condition.
3. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that actual stream in the flow rate threshold and reservoir obtained in step 3)
Speed is compared, if VIt is practical> VThreshold, reservoir can reach water standard value by self-cleaning in 5 days, if VIt is practical< VThreshold, river cannot
Water pollution is solved the problems, such as by itself self-purification capacity, should be taken at other measures such as physics, chemistry and biological control measure
Reason.
4. method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the physical measure is absorption method, is gone using absorbent charcoal material
Benzene homologues, phenols, insecticide pollution in water removal；The chemistry measure is using the oxidative decomposition process of potassium permanganate, using ozone
Oxidant method；The biological control measure is to be decomposed it by metabolism by the phagocytosis of microbe matter
And conversion, achieve the purpose that remove organic matter.
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