CN107040480A - A kind of method that network of computer room automatically switches - Google Patents
A kind of method that network of computer room automatically switches Download PDFInfo
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- CN107040480A CN107040480A CN201710213079.XA CN201710213079A CN107040480A CN 107040480 A CN107040480 A CN 107040480A CN 201710213079 A CN201710213079 A CN 201710213079A CN 107040480 A CN107040480 A CN 107040480A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5007—Internet protocol [IP] addresses
- H04L61/5014—Internet protocol [IP] addresses using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
- H04L12/4641—Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
- H04L12/5691—Access to open networks; Ingress point selection, e.g. ISP selection
- H04L12/5692—Selection among different networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
- H04L45/10—Routing in connection-oriented networks, e.g. X.25 or ATM
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of method that network of computer room automatically switches, including initial configuration method and method for switching network, the initial configuration method includes VLAN and the planning of IP network section, configuration of routers, interchanger configuration, the Connecting quantity of preservation interchanger and configuration order masterplate are configured to configuration file, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server.Pass through configuration processor handover network, program reads the Connecting quantity and order masterplate of interchanger from configuration file, according to target network segment parameter and the generation configuration order list of order masterplate, it is connected to interchanger and performs order successively, finally restart switch ports themselves, computer regains the IP address of the new network segment to complete network switching.Using the present invention, network of computer room switching does not need the plug network port, also without the manual configuration network equipment and computer, the present invention is independent of 802.1X procotols, the environment such as Radius, LDAP need not be configured, greatly reduce the workload of room management, while network switching and automatic IP address management are combined, disclosure satisfy that computer lab management requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network communication technology field, more particularly to a kind of method that network of computer room automatically switches.
Background technology
As network security problem is increasingly protruded, the network management of computer room is also more and more important, the net of computer room
Network management is related to VLAN（Virtual Local Area Network）Planning, IP（Internet Protocol）The network segment is advised
Draw, routing policy is set, many aspects such as access control policy, the IP address management of computer are set.Computer room often undertakes many
Teaching, experiment, examination task are planted, these tasks there are different requirements to network：Such as during university's machinery room flat upper outer net (or even it is interior
Net) campus network account certification is needed, then want authentication-exempt to surf the Net when undertaking open training, examination task, default access outer net is used
Multiple exit policybased routing uses balancing link load equipment (purpose is to speed up Web searches), some application scenarios requirement taboos
Only access outer net（For example English Test (Band 4 and 6) is taken an examination）, and TOFEL, Graduate Record Examination requirement specify outlet to walk education network (because being education
Sponsor in portion), general thinking examination（Aptis）Access outer net and preferably specify telecommunications (walking telecommunications because of southern province access foreign countries fast) etc..
IP address preferably is specified to every computer from computer lab management angle, seat, IP address, the association of internet account are realized, for one
A little application scenarios (such as four or six grades examinations), it is desirable to IP address must be specified to prevent from practising fraud and realize that examination process can be reviewed.
In order that same computer room can meet above-mentioned different network demand different when, people have thought many methods：
For example network engineers set different VLAN and IP network section for every kind of network requirement in advance, are that each network segment configuration is different
Routing policy and access control policy are exported, multiple operating systems are installed to every computer, each operating system is arranged to not
The IP address of same network segment.Because access switch port is generically configured to Access patterns（Trunk patterns are generally used for interchanger
Between connection, Hybrid patterns be generally not used for connect subscriber computer）, some port of synchronization is pertaining only to some
VLAN, the IP address of a change computer can not handover network, in addition it is also necessary to configure the VLAN of switch ports themselves.This is solved to ask
The method of topic is multifarious：Have " physics plug method ", the multiple switch placed side by side in frame, the port of different interchangers is matched somebody with somebody
Different VLAN are set to, are manually inserted into netting twine on different interchangers when computer room there are different network demands, if forbidden
Access the upper united mouth netting twine that outer net then pulls out interchanger；Also there is " many network interface card methods ", multiple network interface cards are installed to every computer, each
Network interface card connects different networks respectively, and by enabling, different network interface cards disables other network interface cards come handover network；Also there is " human configuration
Method ", exactly each handover network will ask network engineers to log on interchanger and perform order；Also have with reference to 802.1x and dynamic
VLAN carries out VLAN switchings, but is due to that system architecture is excessively complicated, operation is inconvenient and is difficult to practical popularization.
The content of the invention
Technical problem to be solved of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that network of computer room automatically switches.Can pin
Undertaking different task when different to the same computer room of generally existing has scene as heterogeneous networks requirement, can quickly cut
Switching network, and it is directed to the different IP address of different IP networks section fixed allocation for every computer.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of method that network of computer room automatically switches, bag
Initial configuration method and method for switching network are included, the initial configuration method includes VLAN and the planning of IP network section, configuration route plan
Omit and accesses control list, the order for generating each VLAN, the Connecting quantity for preserving interchanger and configuration VLAN on switches
Masterplate is configured to configuration file, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server configuration, computer group policy（For not enabling DHCP Snooping and IP
Source Guard network environment）, and network switching is realized by configuration processor.
Further, the initial configuration method is additionally included in Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server and sets up an effect for each IP network section
Domain simultaneously sets action scope option, then checks and record the MAC Address of every computer, is on the dhcp server each MAC
Address corresponds to each IP network section one IP address of static allocation.
Further, the method for switching network comprises the following steps：Perform network switching program and give program transmission
All configuration files under the target network segment parameter to be switched, program pass configuration file catalogue, next of normal conditions are exchanged
Machine one configuration file of correspondence, configuration file includes the Connecting quantity and configuration order list masterplate of interchanger, and program is according to mesh
Network segment parameter and configuration order list masterplate dynamic generation configuration order list are marked, exchange is then connected to according to Connecting quantity
Machine, performs command list (CLIST) to change the VLAN of switch ports themselves, finally reinitializes port successively（Close port and opening end
Mouthful）, every computer is automatic to obtain the IP address corresponding to the new network segment, computer change VLAN and IP from Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server again
It is applied to new routing policy and accesses control list afterwards, so as to complete network switching.
Implement the embodiment of the present invention, have the advantages that：1st, many network interface cards, every need not be installed to every computer
One network interface card of computer only needs to connect a switch ports themselves, and each network switching does not need plug physical port, each net
Network switching need not set subscriber computer, and each network switching is also without network manager's manual configuration interchanger.2nd, no
Need to enable 802.1x certifications, it is not required that have the daemon software environment such as Radius, AD.3rd, the IP address of computer room computer can be managed
Manage, can review.4th, computer only needs to install a set of operating system, and handover network need not set the networks such as IP address to join by hand
Number, it is not required that restart computer.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of initial configuration method；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of method for switching network；
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below the present invention is described in further detail.
Cut the embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of method that network of computer room automatically switches, including initial configuration method and network
Change method two parts.The flow chart of initial configuration method is as shown in figure 1, including VLAN and the planning of IP network section, configuration routing policy
With accesses control list, each VLAN, the Connecting quantity of preservation interchanger and the order mould for configuring VLAN are generated on switches
Version arrives configuration file, DHCP（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol）Server configuration, computer group policy
Configuration（Network environment for not enabling DHCP Snooping and IP Source Guard）.
Computer room has different network demands when undertaking different task, different network demands are technically with different routes
Strategy（Particularly export routing policy）Realized with accesses control list.With identical routing policy and access control policy
Network application is attributed to same network type, and can be for example divided into according to outlet routing policy can only access Intranet, outer net and have more
Mouth intelligent route selection, outer net specify away education network, outer net to specify away telecommunications etc., and accesses control list such as some application only allows to visit
Some websites of outer net etc. are asked, different application scene may belong to same class network type, and such as TOFEL and GRE have equally
Network requirement（Outer net walks education network）.
A VLAN ID is planned for each network type, while one IP network section (or subnet) of planning, IP network section
Corresponded with VLAN.Although inherently VLAN is a kind of two layers of technology, for dividing broadcast domain on Layer 2 switch,
And IP network section is three layers of concept, same IP network section can be divided into different VLAN, but in order to manage conveniently, whole
IP network section and VLAN are corresponded in network.Following table is the network type, the network segment, VLAN ID corresponding relations of some computer room
Example：
| Network type is described | IP network section and subnet mask | VLAN ID |
| It is merely able to access Intranet | 10.10.0.0 /16 | 30 |
| Outer net multi-outlet intelligent is route | 10.11.0.0 /16 | 31 |
| Outer net specifies away education network | 10.12.0.0 /16 | 32 |
| Outer net specifies away telecommunications | 10.13.0.0 /16 | 33 |
| Outer net multi-outlet intelligent is route, and can only access website A | 10.14.0.0 /16 | 34 |
Different network topology structures sets the mode of routing policy different, even same network topology structure is realized equally
Function may also have a variety of different configuration modes, for example export routing policy can convergence router, core router,
Egress router etc. is set, for the network environment of multiple exit, is preferably centered on egress router and is set outlet routing policy.
Access control list ACL（Access Control List）MAC can be based on（Media Access Control）
Address, VLAN, single ip address, IP network section etc. are set, and the network environment acl rule of computer room is generally basede on IP network section.With Cisco
Exemplified by router, an accesses control list is set first（access-list）Access rule, then this access-
List is applied to some direction of some interface.
Such as outer net only allows the setting for accessing some IP (assuming that being 116.214.XXX.XXX) as follows：
router(config)#access-list 101 permit host 116.214.XXX.XX
router(config)#int f0/1
router(config-if)#ip access-group 101 in
In is exactly the data that router interface is received, and out is exactly the data that router interface leaves
Forbid accessing some outer net IP（Assuming that being 116.214.XXX.XX）Setting it is as follows：
router(config)#access-list 102 deny host 116.214.XXX.XX
router(config)#access-list 102 permit ip any any
router(config)#int f0/1
router(config-if)#ip access-group 102 in
For second example, because accesses control list acquiescence is to forbid owning, the last necessary of accesses control list is defined
Plus permit ip any any.
Because same VLAN needs multiple different ports across multiple switch, and need to lead between difference VLAN
Letter, so being forwarded between must realizing VLAN, can use single armed route or L3 Switching to realize the forwarding between VLAN.
Each VLAN is generated in each access switch, and is configured to be based on port static VLAN（PortBased
VLAN）, the VLAN of generally change switch ports themselves is to manually enter order by network administrator logs to interchanger to be configured,
And the present invention is automatically switched by configuration processor.
Procedure operation interchanger can use CLI（Command Line Interface）Order line, SNMP（Simple
Network Management Protocol）, the mode such as even WEB, although in theory by snmp management interchanger for not
There is operational consistency with equipment, unlike the network equipment of different manufacturers its CLI command row may difference it is very big, but actually
SNMP operates VLAN and preserved to be needed to use privately owned MIB when being configured to Flash flash memories（Management
Information Base）, still need the equipment respectively for different vendor to develop, and many network environments are not
There are the Community String that there is write permission to device configuration, therefore still recommend by the way of order line, order line
Can be using Telnet, SSH different agreements.
The Connecting quantity of access switch and the order masterplate of configuration port are saved in file (or database), due to
The requirement of network switching is just disclosure satisfy that using stand-alone program, it is simpler using the configuration file of text formatting, it is generally each
Interchanger one configuration file of correspondence.Make system that there is certain flexibility by using configuration file, delete and exchange when increase
Program need not be all changed when machine, change switch management IP, change account number or password, change switch type, it is only necessary to
Change configuration file.A set of configuration file is caused to be applicable to different network types by using order masterplate, reduction is matched somebody with somebody
Put the number of file and improve the maintainability of configuration file.
For example some interchanger (interchanger model H3C S3100V2-26TP-SI) configuration file is as follows：
Switch_Connect_type:Telnet
Switch_IP:10.29.2.16
Switch_PORT:23
Username:^*****
Password:^*****
<H3C-E5-1>^system-view
[H3C-E5-1]^port-group manual grouptoefl
[H3C-E5-1-port-group-manual-grouptoefl]^group-member Ethernet 1/0/7 to
Ethernet 1/0/24
[H3C-E5-1-port-group-manual-grouptoefl]^port access vlan $vlan_param
[H3C-E5-1-port-group-manual-grouptoefl]^shutdown
[H3C-E5-1-port-group-manual-grouptoefl]^undo shutdown
[H3C-E5-1-port-group-manual-grouptoefl]^quit
[H3C-E5-1]^quit
<H3C-E5-1>^complete_over
The first row defines the mode of connection interchanger, and example uses Telnet, and the second row is the management IP of equipment, and the third line is end
Slogan, is next divided into two parts per a line, and the left side is the returning result of a upper instruction（Only need to one of returning result
Point）, the right is the instruction to be performed, and middle separated with additional character ^ (because symbol ^ is not used in interchanger instruction, is made of it
Separator eliminates the complexity of increase ESC).Why need first to match a return instructed before execute instruction
Result is that the complete_over of last column is in order to prevent a upper instruction to be not carried out being carried out next instruction
One special marking, program, which goes to this, can be disconnected to the connection of interchanger.The network equipment has the limitation of maximum number of connections, although
The overtime equipment of connection can be disconnected automatically, and it is more reasonable that program actively closes Connection Release resource after having performed.
Program replaces with the parameter of configuration order masterplate in configuration file when running the parameter of the time of running, Ran Housheng
Into real command list (CLIST), for above example by configuration order masterplate port access vlan vlan_param
Parameter $ vlan_param replace with 32（The parameter of program is passed to during operation, the target VLAN ID to be switched are represented, due to net
Network type, VLAN, IP network section have been corresponded, and transmit simpler using VLAN ID as parameter）.Life is performed in example
Make list process be attached to successively interchanger, input account number, input password, into system configuration view, create it is entitled
The grouptoefl vlan number of port set, setting port group membership comprising Ethernet interface 7-24, change port set is 32, closed
The port of port set, the port for opening port set, exit to assemble and put, the configuration view that logs off, close connection to interchanger.
Procedure operation switch ports themselves (in addition to only a few does not support the old equipment of port set) pass through port set (Port Group)
To carry out, command number can be greatly decreased.
Setting the TCP/IP parameters (IP, subnet mask, gateway, DNS etc.) of computer has two methods：One kind is that static state is set
Fixed, another is dynamic access.Because the computer of computer room needs to switch between different segment, otherwise static settings are every time
The switching network segment is all manually reset, otherwise multiple operating systems are installed and different networks are pre-set for each operating system
Parameter, selects different operating systems to realize switching, both approaches all greatly increase manual maintenance work by restarting computer
Measure, the present invention is by combining Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server and the automatic distribution and management for realizing IP address of VLAN switchings.
DHCP configuration be included in network equipments configuration DHCP Relay, DHCP Server configure action scope option and
The part of static binding IP address three.Because usual multiple VLAN use same DHCP Server, it is necessary to be configured in interchanger
DHCP Relay, realization does not transmit dhcp message between same VLAN subscriber computer and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server.In DHCP
Server is that each IP network section sets up an action scope, and the start ip address, end ip address, subnet for setting the action scope are covered
Code, then configures action scope option（Gateway, dns server etc.）.
For computer lab management and security reason, many computer rooms are intended to realize pair of computer, MAC, IP, user account number
Should, and for application scenarios such as four or six grades of examinations, it is desirable to necessary fixed ip address, to prevent cheating and examination process from can review,
Therefore need in Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server static binding IP address.The MAC Address of every computer is checked and recorded, is then taken in DHCP
Business device is one IP of the corresponding each IP network section static allocation of each MAC Address.
By gui interface or the IP that order ipconfig/all checks computer can be performed under a windows environment
Corresponding under address, Linux is that order is ip orders and ifconfig.
By taking Windows DHCP Server as an example, system supports GUI configuration modes and command line configuration mode, recommends to adopt
With command line configuration mode (script can be write with side and carries out batch processing), command line mode is used in Windows DHCP Server
It is as follows for some MAC increases static ip address step：Initially enter the network configuration command row work that Windows systems are provided in itself
Have NetSH (Network Shell), subsequently into DHCP patterns, connect Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server, order is performed after successful connection
Add ReserveIP, the order has two parameters, and first parameter is IP address, and second parameter is MAC Address.
Most network environments all do not enable DHCP Snooping and IP Source Guard, it is therefore desirable to set
The group policy of every computer with forbid user change IP, it is ensured that IP address by Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server manage distribute.What is set is specific
Step is as follows：Perform order gpedit.msc in Windows and open local group policy editing machine, then open " user configuring " →
" attribute for forbidding accessing LAN connections " is found in " administrative template " → " network " → " network connection ", right-hand column, is then being clicked on
Right mouse button popup menu, clicks on " editor " in menu, is set to " having enabled " in pop-up window.
Network switching is realized by configuration processor, the flow chart of method for switching network is as shown in Figure 2.Under many network environments
The management network segment and the subscriber computer network segment of the network equipment are separated, it is to be ensured that the computer of operational network changeover program can
The management IP of access switch, relatively good method is to set one to manage the special PC of the network segment with accessing network equipment（Or
Person's virtual machine）, computer room administrator pass through remote desktop even in the past operation program.Program execution mode has script mode and GUI moulds
Two kinds of formula：Script mode transmits a target network segment parameter to changeover program（Due to network type, IP network section, VLAN ID
Correspond, parameter is conciser using VLAN ID）, program receives parameter and directly performs, and automatic close is moved back after being finished
Go out；The icon of double-click program enters graphical interfaces, and then user's selection needs the network type switched, and then program performs network
Handover operation.
Program travels through configuration files all under configuration file catalogue first when performing, and is successively read each configuration file
（One configuration file of each usual interchanger）, the Connecting quantity and port configuration command list mould of interchanger are included in file
Version, according to the objective network parameter and command list (CLIST) masterplate dynamic generation configuration order list received, then joins according to connection
Number is connected to interchanger, and command list (CLIST) is performed successively to change the VLAN of port, switch ports themselves can be finally restarted（Close port
Then port is opened）.Every computer can send DHCP Discover messages in new broadcast domain automatically, by DHCP
Relay is sent to DHCP Server, and DHCP Server determine according to the network interface of dhcp client lease request is received
Surely which DHCP action scope is used, then this is searched to the IP address of MAC Address static allocation in the action scope and distributes to
Computer, subscriber computer can be applied to new routing policy and accesses control list after regaining the IP address of the new network segment,
So as to complete network switching.
By the invention has the advantages that：
1：Many network interface cards need not be installed to every computer, one network interface card of every computer only needs to one exchange generator terminal of connection
Mouthful, each network switching does not need plug physical port, and each network switching is exchanged also without network manager's manual configuration
Machine, each network switching need not set subscriber computer.
Technological means：Interchanger is operated to realize network switching by configuration processor.
2：802.1x certifications need not be enabled, it is not required that have the daemon software environment such as Radius, AD.
Technological means：Network switching is completed by directly operating interchanger to change the VLAN of port.
3：The IP address of computer room computer can be managed, can reviewed.
Technological means：For each MAC Address for each IP network section in one IP of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server static allocation
Location, and by setting computer group policy to forbid modification IP address by hand.
4：Computer only needs to install a set of operating system, it is not necessary to set the network parameters such as IP address by hand.
Technological means：After the VLAN of program change switch ports themselves, port can be reinitialized, computer can it is automatic from
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server obtains the IP address of different segment, is automatically performed network configuration.
Above disclosed is only a kind of preferred embodiment of the invention, can not limit the power of the present invention with this certainly
Sharp scope, therefore the equivalent variations made according to the claims in the present invention, still belong to the scope that the present invention is covered.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method that network of computer room automatically switches, it is characterised in that including initial configuration method and method for switching network, institute
Initial configuration method is stated to plan, configure routing policy and accesses control list, generate on switches including VLAN and IP network section
Each VLAN, the Connecting quantity for preserving interchanger and configuration VLAN order masterplate are to configuration file, and it is real to pass through configuration processor
Existing network switching.
2. the method that network of computer room according to claim 1 automatically switches, it is characterised in that the initial configuration method is also
It is included in Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server to set up an action scope for each IP network section and set action scope option, then checks and record every
The MAC Address of platform computer, is on the dhcp server one IP of each MAC Address correspondence each IP network section static allocation
Address.
3. the method that network of computer room according to claim 2 automatically switches, it is characterised in that the method for switching network bag
Include following steps：Perform network switching program and transmit the target network segment parameter to be switched to program, program reads configuration file
All configuration files under catalogue, read Connecting quantity therein and configuration order list masterplate, according to target network segment parameter and
Configuration order list masterplate dynamic generation configuration order list, is then connected to interchanger according to Connecting quantity, life is performed successively
Make list to change the VLAN of switch ports themselves, be then shut off port and open port, every computer is automatic again from DHCP
Server obtains the IP address corresponding to the new network segment, and is cut applied to new routing policy and accesses control list with completing network
Change.
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