CN107036808B - Gearbox of wind turbine combined failure diagnostic method based on support vector machines probability Estimation - Google Patents
Gearbox of wind turbine combined failure diagnostic method based on support vector machines probability Estimation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107036808B CN107036808B CN201710232999.6A CN201710232999A CN107036808B CN 107036808 B CN107036808 B CN 107036808B CN 201710232999 A CN201710232999 A CN 201710232999A CN 107036808 B CN107036808 B CN 107036808B
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/028—Acoustic or vibration analysis
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of gearbox of wind turbine combined failure diagnostic method based on support vector machines probability Estimation.The invention mainly comprises following two modules: first module is vibration signal processing and fault signature extraction algorithm based on overall experience mode decomposition (EEMD)；Second module is the training pattern method and probability Estimation algorithm of support vector machines.The present invention is respectively established for different sensors, and when analysis is integrated the result of all classifiers, improves the accuracy of diagnosis.The present invention gives detailed algorithm description to emulate signal as test object, and passes through experimental verification validity of the algorithm in terms of gear-box combined failure diagnosis.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fault signature extraction and method for diagnosing faults field, more particularly to one kind are general based on support vector machines
The fault signature for wind-driven generator group wheel box of rate estimation extracts and method for diagnosing faults.
Background technique
In the past few years, with the fast development of Wind Power Generation Industry, a large amount of Wind turbines are constantly built by deployment, wind
Electric single-machine capacity is also being continuously increased, and the accident because of caused by wind power generating set failure happens occasionally, and causes huge warp
Ji loss, hinders the development speed of Wind Power Generation Industry.Gear-box is located in engine rooms of wind power generators, is that wind-driven generator transmission is dynamic
The main component of power and the important pivot of connection main shaft and generator, its operation can be interfered by many factors, such as wind speed wave
Dynamic and load dynamic change.Simultaneously as environment locating for Wind turbines is generally relatively more severe, fluctuations in wind speed and load variation
Acutely and frequently, therefore gearbox parts easily Aging Damage during long-play, all kinds of failures are generated.Therefore, it grinds
Study carefully a set of feasible Fault Diagnosis of Gear Case method to be of great significance for the stable operation of Wind turbines.
In order to monitor the operating status of gear case of blower, it generally will be installed several vibrating sensors outside gear-box, pass
The vibration signal measured is sent to host computer by sensor, is analyzed using certain diagnostic method vibration signal and is speculated at this time
The operating status of gear-box.With the continuous accumulation of gear case of blower vibration data, several machine learning algorithms are also introduced into
To Fault Diagnosis of Gear Case field.Support vector machines is a kind of machine learning algorithm proposed on the basis of Statistical Learning Theory,
Suitable for the troubleshooting issue under Small Sample Size, it is widely used in mechanical breakdown field.The essence of algorithm of support vector machine
Disaggregated model exactly is established on the basis of existing gear-box vibration data, when new sample data temporarily, to enter data into
Disaggregated model, to judge mechanical operating status.However, the support vector machines that scholars propose at present still has several offices
It is sex-limited: firstly, the output result of existing algorithm of support vector machine is only category label, when support vector machines is judged by accident
When, which can not provide more information with regard to entirely ineffective.Secondly, current algorithm of support vector machine solution is most
It is single failure problem, i.e., the failure that sample occurs is preferably at most one, less to combined failure diagnosis research.Finally, true
Gearbox fault signal has the characteristics that non-stationary, non-linear, existing method showed when extracting the feature of such signal it is poor,
Influence the final accuracy rate of diagnosis of support vector machines.
The present invention is directed to the shortcoming of existing method, provide complete set based on support vector machines probability Estimation
Method for diagnosing faults, algorithm mainly include following two module: first module is based on overall experience mode decomposition (EEMD)
Vibration signal processing and fault signature extraction algorithm；Second module is that the training pattern method of support vector machines and probability are estimated
Calculating method.The novelty of the diagnostic method is mainly reflected in the following aspects: being good at processing using overall experience mode decomposition
The characteristics of non-linear, non-stationary signal, the vibration signal there are combined failure is decoupled, the feature of different faults is separated.
Meanwhile the energy ratio of faults energy and the approximate entropy of faults confusion degree are chosen when extracting fault signature, optimization event
Hinder Feature Selection.In addition, this method is respectively established for different sensors in Training Support Vector Machines model, point
The result of these classifiers is integrated when analysis, improves the accuracy of diagnosis.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve existing method, the diagnosis of gear-box combined failure is able to solve the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind and is asked
The method of topic, and improve the accuracy of diagnosis.
The purpose of the invention is achieved by the following technical solution, comprising the following steps:
Step (1), from the vibration signal extracted in gear-box monitoring data library under different working condition as sample.Assuming that
M sensor is installed on gear-box, according to the corresponding sample of each sensor of the sequential processes of sensor, initializes m=1,
To m-th of sensor, the fault signature of its respective sample is sought in the steps below.
Step (2) carries out EEMD decomposition to the sample point x (t) in sample, and EEMD decomposable process is as follows:
(2-1) initializes the number of iterations N=1, and predetermined maximum number of iterations is K；
The white Gaussian noise w (t) of computer random generation is added as new x (t) in (2-2) in x (t), calculates x (t)
Upper lower envelope average value m1；
(2-3) calculates x (t) and m1Difference h10, judge h10It whether is intrinsic mode function, if it is, enabling eigen mode
Measure c1=h10, and it is transferred to (2-5), if it is not, then being transferred to (2-4)；
(2-4) calculates k h repeatedly1(k-1)-m1k=h1k, until h1kMeet intrinsic mode function condition, enables c1=h1k；Its
In, m1kFor h1(k-1)Upper lower envelope average value；
(2-5) separates c from x (t)1, enable r1=x (t)-c1, by r1Regard new x (t) as, constantly repeats (2-2)-(2-
4) it, is often repeated once, so that it may obtain new intrinsic modulus, i.e. r1-c2=r2,...,rn-1-cn=rn, stop standard until meeting
Then；
The intrinsic modulus and residual volume that (2-6) record epicycle is decomposed, it is assumed that isolate q intrinsic modulus, then enable c1N
=c1,c2N=c2,...,cqN=cq,rqN=rq, and the number of iterations N is added 1, if N is less than predetermined maximum number of iterations K, turn
Enter (2-2), otherwise calculating final intrinsic modulus and residual volume, calculation formula isWith
Step (3) calculates the energy ratio and approximate entropy of each intrinsic modulus and residual volume, constitutes m-th of sensor and corresponds to sample
This feature vector.
Step (4) using m-th sensor respective sample feature vector construction optimal decision function to training sample into
Row classification, categorised decision function are as follows:
F (x)=sgn (wTx+b)
Wherein w and b is respectively the weight coefficient vector sum deviation of the categorised decision function, and x is sampling feature vectors, this
Two parameters can determine by solving objective function, objective function are as follows:
s.t.yi(wTx+b)-1+ξi≥0
Wherein Q indicates the number of samples in m-th of sensor, ξiFor slack variable, C is penalty coefficient, yiFor sample mark
Label, the classifier constructed at this time are denoted as SVMm.
Probability between the class of step (5) calculating sampleIts
Middle i, j indicate i-th kind of operating status, jth kind operating status, and f is the value that sample point inputs that decision function obtains, and A and B are to pass through
Following objective function is minimized to obtain
Sample point x (t) belongs to the Probability p of i-th kind of operating status under the model for step (6) estimationi=P (y=i | x),
Calculation method is to optimize following objective function
Step (7), to next sensor repeat step (2)-step (6), even m adds one, establish it is next support to
Amount machine classifier；Until all the sensors analysis finishes, indicates that fault diagnosis model is established and complete；
Test sample input model is carried out fault diagnosis by step (8).Specifically, when test sample data are acquired from multiple
Different sensors, then need to belong in sample the vibration data separation of different sensors, and sequentially inputs and had built up
The output probability of all models is finally averaging, obtains final result by the supporting vector machine model of respective sensor.
For the present invention compared with existing method for diagnosing faults, beneficial effect includes: of the invention by EEMD algorithm introducing gear-box
The characteristics of fault signature of vibration signal extracts, and agrees with gear-box vibration signal time-varying, non-linear, non-stationary, and can be effective
Solve the phenomenon that combined failure is mutually coupled；The sample fault signature that the present invention extracts is energy ratio and approximate entropy, is demonstrate,proved through experiment
Real diagnosis with higher；The present invention belongs to the probability of different conditions using support vector machines output sample, is able to solve
The shortcomings that traditional support vector machine model can not provide fault message when judging by accident；The method of the present invention is for different sensors point
Do not establish corresponding diagnostic model, when diagnosis is again integrated the result of each diagnostic model, effectively improves the spirit of algorithm
Activity and stability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 algorithm frame schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 simulation sample point time domain waveform；
Intrinsic modulus and residual time domain waveform of 1 vibration signal of Fig. 3 simulation sample point sensor after EEMD algorithm process
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Specific implementation method of the invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is total algorithm block schematic illustration of the invention, as shown in the figure, it is assumed that sample signal is acquired from gear-box
M sensor, then sample x can be decomposed into x according to sensor1,x2,...,xM, vibration performance f is extracted respectively1,f2,...,fM, and
Establish different supporting vector machine models.When new sample input, the diagnostic result of comprehensive all supporting vector machine models is obtained
Last conclusion out.
In order to verify effectiveness of the invention, several groups emulation signal is constructed by Matlab to simulate gear-box vibration
Signal.Emulation experiment setting is as follows: number of sensors M=2, can use sensor 1 and sensor 2, while also illustrating that and needing to instruct
Practice two supporting vector machine models.Fig. 2 is a simulation sample point time domain waveform randomly selected, it can be seen that it has two-way
Signal respectively indicates the signal that two sensors measure, x1For the signal that sensor 1 is surveyed, x2The signal surveyed for sensor 2.Failure
Type set is two kinds, is indicated with failure 1 and failure 2.Simulation sample can be divided into four classes according to respective state: normal sample,
1 sample of failure, 2 sample of failure and combined failure (failure 1 and failure 2 exist simultaneously) sample.Training sample be normal sample,
Three kinds of 1 sample of failure and 2 sample of failure, combined failure sample is as test sample.Through discussed above it is found that proposed by the present invention
Supporting vector machine model is generated by normal sample and single failure sample training, but can be used to diagnose combined failure sample.
Specific step is as follows for execution:
Step (1) generates several normal samples, 1 sample of failure and 2 sample of failure as training sample using Matlab.
As it is assumed that being equipped with 2 sensors on gear-box, then all there is two-way sensor signal in all sample points, by the suitable of sensor
Each corresponding sample of sensor of sequence processing, initializes m=1.
Step (2) corresponds to the sample point x (t) in sample to m-th of sensor and carries out EEMD decomposition, the road Tu3Wei Mou sensing
The intrinsic modulus and surplus time domain waveform that device signal is decomposed through EEMD.The specific decomposable process of EEMD is as follows:
(2-1) initializes the number of iterations N=1, and predetermined maximum number of iterations is K；
The white Gaussian noise w (t) of computer random generation is added as new x (t) in (2-2) in x (t), calculates x (t)
Upper lower envelope average value m1；
(2-3) calculates x (t) and m1Difference h10, judge h10It whether is intrinsic mode function, if it is, enabling eigen mode
Measure c1=h10, and it is transferred to (2-5), if it is not, then being transferred to (2-4)；
(2-4) calculates k h repeatedly1(k-1)-m1k=h1k, until h1kMeet intrinsic mode function condition, enables c1=h1k.Its
In, m1kFor h1(k-1)Upper lower envelope average value；
(2-5) separates c from x (t)1, enable r1=x (t)-c1, by r1Regard new x (t) as, constantly repeats (2-2)-(2-
4) it, is often repeated once, so that it may obtain new intrinsic modulus, i.e. r1-c2=r2,...,rn-1-cn=rn, stop standard until meeting
Then；
The intrinsic modulus and residual volume that (2-6) record epicycle is decomposed, it is assumed that isolate q intrinsic modulus, then enable c1N
=c1,c2N=c2,...,cqN=cq,rqN=rq, and the number of iterations N is added 1, if N is less than predetermined maximum number of iterations K, turn
Enter (2-2), otherwise calculating final intrinsic modulus and residual volume, calculation formula isWith
Step (3) calculates the energy ratio and approximate entropy of each intrinsic modulus and residual volume, constitutes m-th of sensor and corresponds to sample
This feature vector.
Step (4) classifies to training sample using the feature vector construction optimal decision function of m sample class, classifies
Decision function are as follows:
F (x)=sgn (wTx+b)
Wherein w and b is respectively the weight coefficient vector sum deviation of the categorised decision function, and x is sampling feature vectors, this
Two parameters can determine by solving objective function, objective function are as follows:
s.t.yi(wTx+b)-1+ξi≥0
Wherein Q indicates the number of samples in m-th of sensor, ξiFor slack variable, C is penalty coefficient, yiFor sample mark
Label, the classifier constructed at this time are denoted as SVMm.
Probability between the class of step (5) calculating sampleIts
Middle i, j indicate i-th kind of operating status, jth kind operating status, and f is the value that sample point inputs that decision function obtains, and A and B are to pass through
Following objective function is minimized to obtain
Sample point x (t) belongs to the Probability p of i-th kind of operating status under the model for step (6) estimationi=P (y=i | x),
Calculation method is to optimize following objective function
Step (7), parameter m value add 1, to next sensor repeat step (2)-step (6), establish it is next support to
Amount machine classifier；Until all the sensors analysis finishes, indicate that fault diagnosis model foundation finishes.
Combined failure sample input model is carried out fault diagnosis by step (8).Specifically, by being acquired in combined failure sample
SVM1 is inputted from the vibration signal of sensor 1, inputs SVM2 for being acquired in combined failure sample from the vibration signal of sensor 2,
Probability Estimation is respectively obtained, finally resulting probability is averaging, obtains final sumbission.
Table 1 is the diagnostic result of 5 combined failure samples.From table it can be seen that, either SVM1 or SVM2, all without
Method individually detects combined failure sample while there are two types of failures for tool, and after their probability Estimation is integrated, it finds that therefore
The probability that barrier 1 and failure 2 occur is closer to, thus it can be concluded that sample has the conclusion there are two types of failure simultaneously, demonstrate this
The validity of invention algorithm.
Several combined failure sample diagnostic results of Table I
It should be understood that above-described embodiment is preferred embodiments of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not
It is restricted to the described embodiments.For those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description, and
All these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of gearbox of wind turbine combined failure diagnostic method based on support vector machines probability Estimation, it is characterised in that:
Corresponding supporting vector machine model is established for each sensor, the output result of model is certain sample point category under the model
The output result of all models is averaging, is somebody's turn to do to each operating status by the corresponding probability under different operating statuses
Sample point belongs to the true probability of the operating status, specifically:
Step (1), from the vibration signal extracted in gear-box monitoring data library under different working condition as sample；Assuming that in tooth
M sensor is installed on roller box, according to the corresponding sample of each sensor of the sequential processes of sensor, m=1 is initialized, to m
A sensor seeks the fault signature of its respective sample in the steps below；
Step (2) corresponds to the sample point x (t) in sample to m-th of sensor and carries out EEMD decomposition, obtains final intrinsic modulus
And residual volume；
Step (3) calculates the energy ratio and approximate entropy of each intrinsic modulus and residual volume, constitutes m-th of sensor and corresponds to sample
Feature vector；
Step (4) divides training sample using the feature vector construction optimal decision function of m-th of sensor respective sample
Class, categorised decision function are as follows:
F (x)=sgn (wTx+b)
Wherein w and b is respectively the weight coefficient vector sum deviation of the categorised decision function, and x is sampling feature vectors, the two
Parameter can determine by solving objective function, objective function are as follows:
s.t.yi(wTx+b)-1+ξi≥0
Wherein Q indicates the number of samples in m-th of sensor, ξiFor slack variable, C is penalty coefficient, yiFor sample label, this
When the classifier that constructs be denoted as SVMm；
Probability between the class of step (5) calculating sampleWherein i, j
Indicate i-th kind of operating status, jth kind operating status, f is the value that sample point inputs that decision function obtains, and A and B are to pass through minimum
Change following objective function to obtain
Sample point x (t) belongs to the Probability p of i-th kind of operating status under the model for step (6) estimationi=P (y=i | x), calculating side
Method is to optimize following objective function
Step (7) repeats step (2)-step (6) to next sensor and establishes next support vector machines even m adds one
Classifier；Until all the sensors analysis finishes, indicates that fault diagnosis model is established and complete；
Test sample input model is carried out fault diagnosis by step (8)；Specifically, when test sample data are acquired from multiple and different
Sensor then needs that the vibration data separation of different sensors will be belonged in sample, and sequentially inputs the correspondence having had built up
The output probability of all models is finally averaging, obtains final result by the supporting vector machine model of sensor.
2. the gearbox of wind turbine combined failure diagnosis side according to claim 1 based on support vector machines probability Estimation
Method, it is characterised in that: EEMD decomposable process is as follows in step 2):
(2-1) initializes the number of iterations N=1, and predetermined maximum number of iterations is K；
The white Gaussian noise w (t) of computer random generation is added as new x (t) in (2-2) in x (t), calculates the upper of x (t)
Lower envelope average value m1；
(2-3) calculates x (t) and m1Difference h10, judge h10It whether is intrinsic mode function, if it is, enabling intrinsic modulus c1
=h10, and it is transferred to (2-5), if it is not, then being transferred to (2-4)；
(2-4) calculates k h repeatedly1(k-1)-m1k=h1k, until h1kMeet intrinsic mode function condition, enables c1=h1k, wherein m1k
For h1(k-1)Upper lower envelope average value；
(2-5) separates c from x (t)1, enable r1=x (t)-c1, by r1Regard new x (t) as, constantly repeats (2-2)-(2-4), it is every heavy
It is multiple primary, so that it may to obtain new intrinsic modulus, i.e. r1-c2=r2,...,rn-1-cn=rn, until meeting stopping criterion；
The intrinsic modulus and residual volume that (2-6) record epicycle is decomposed, it is assumed that isolate q intrinsic modulus, then enable c1N=c1,
c2N=c2,...,cqN=cq,rqN=rq, and the number of iterations N is added 1, if N is less than predetermined maximum number of iterations K, it is transferred to (2-
2), otherwise calculating final intrinsic modulus and residual volume, calculation formula isWith
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| CN108507783B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2020-06-23 | 湖南大学 | Rotary machine composite fault diagnosis method based on group decomposition |
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