CN107029702B - Manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt catalyst material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt catalyst material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107029702B CN107029702B CN201710271871.0A CN201710271871A CN107029702B CN 107029702 B CN107029702 B CN 107029702B CN 201710271871 A CN201710271871 A CN 201710271871A CN 107029702 B CN107029702 B CN 107029702B
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- manganese oxide
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- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 233
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910016978 MnOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- -1 2-ethyl Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910006364 δ-MnO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000696 nitrogen adsorption--desorption isotherm Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPFSGDXIBUDDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-decyl-2-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1=C(O)C(=O)CC1 FPFSGDXIBUDDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003179 MnxCo3−xO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002085 irritant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000021 irritant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002055 nanoplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002064 nanoplatelet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000378 teratogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003390 teratogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/34—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
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- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/009—Preparation by separation, e.g. by filtration, decantation, screening
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
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- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/343—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of ultrasonic wave energy
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt catalyst material and a preparation method and application thereof. The method for preparing the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material has the characteristics of simplicity, easiness in implementation, environmental friendliness, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental catalysis, relates to a manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt catalyst material, and particularly relates to a novel, green and efficient crystallization catalyst for catalytic oxidation of low-concentration formaldehyde, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Formaldehyde is a typical hazardous organic compound. In recent years, as cheap chemical raw materials such as phenolic resin and urea resin are widely added into products such as coating, plate adhesives and the like, the problem of indoor formaldehyde pollution is increasingly serious. It is well known that formaldehyde is strongly irritant, is a teratogenic substance, and also causes anesthetic diseases and increases photochemical smog pollution. Therefore, for human health, the removal of formaldehyde is imperative. At present, formaldehyde-removing catalyst functional components are required to be arranged in an air purifier, an air conditioner and a fresh air system.
At present, the main means for removing formaldehyde at room temperature include adsorption, plasma oxidation, catalytic oxidation (combustion), photocatalytic oxidation, and the like. The thermal catalytic oxidation method is to utilize high-efficiency catalyst to catalytically degrade VOCs into CO2and H2O, it has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, no secondary pollution, easy control of operation and the like, and is a technology with great prospect. The catalysts used for removing VOCs mainly include transition metal oxide catalysts and noble metal supported catalysts. A common transition metal oxide catalyst is Co3O4、MnOx、CeO2And the like. The noble metal catalyst is platinum, palladium, gold, silver, etc., which are usually supported on a transition metal oxide or a mixture thereof. Compared with noble metal catalysts, the transition metal oxide catalyst obviously has the advantages of low price, large reserves and the like.
Among the transition metal oxides, manganese oxides are widely used in many catalytic reactions, such as CO oxidation, due to their characteristics of being inexpensive and non-toxic. Of the many crystal forms of manganese oxide, in particular Birnessite or delta-MnO2The catalytic effect of (A) is preferably MnO6The regular octahedron is a layered structure formed by groups, and a certain number of water molecules and different cations (such as Na) are arranged between manganese oxide layers+、K+、Ca2+). The unique layered structure of Birnessite makes it a highly efficient catalyst for the removal of carbon monoxide and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Zhang et al found delta-MnO2The catalyst is compared with alpha, beta and gamma-MnO in removing formaldehyde2Has higher catalytic activity. Shi et al found MnxCo3-xO4The catalyst can completely catalyze and oxidize formaldehyde at 75 ℃, and the service life of the catalyst is as long as 50And (4) hours. By soaking, MnO was successfully preparedxThe GAC catalyst utilizes the huge specific surface area of the active carbon to adsorb formaldehyde in the air, and improves the catalytic reaction efficiency of the manganese oxide. However, most of the reported research works are directed at removing high-concentration formaldehyde under static conditions, and the research on the formaldehyde removal catalyst under the condition close to the actual working condition (the concentration of formaldehyde is lower than 1ppm, and the space velocity is high) is rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at removing low-concentration formaldehyde and solving the problem that the currently adopted activated carbon adsorbent is easy to cause secondary pollution, a novel catalyst for removing the low-concentration formaldehyde and a preparation method thereof are provided.
On one hand, the invention provides a preparation method of a manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material, which comprises the steps of loading a manganese oxide nanosheet on a carbon fiber felt substrate by a spraying method, and drying in vacuum to obtain the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material.
The invention selects the activated carbon fiber material as the spraying substrate and selects the manganese oxide nanosheet as the catalyst. The activated carbon fiber material is formed by stacking organic fibers such as flake graphite microcrystals along the axial direction of the fiber, has a microporous structure, a relatively high specific surface area and abundant surface groups, is favorable for the absorption of formaldehyde gas, and can provide sufficient space and sufficiently dispersed active sites for reaction to generate manganese oxide nanosheets. Wherein the manganese oxide nano-sheet is a delta-phase crystal structure with good crystallinity. The delta-phase manganese oxide has a layered structure, and is beneficial to providing more active sites for catalyzing formaldehyde.
Preferably, the parameters of the spraying method include: the spraying diameter is 3-5 mm, the spraying amount is 0.05-0.1 g/min, and the spraying time is 30-60 min.
Preferably, the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material is calcined at 120 to 240 ℃ for 2 to 4 hours. The calcination can increase the bonding strength of the manganese oxide and the carbon fiber, the surface defects of the manganese oxide after calcination are reduced, and Mn is4+Increased content of Mn2+The content is reduced.
Preferably, reducing agents such as ethanol and manganese sulfate are added into the potassium permanganate solution dropwise, the solution is stirred at room temperature for 12-24 hours, then the solution is subjected to suction filtration and water washing, and then the manganese oxide nanosheet is obtained after freeze drying.
Preferably, the manganese oxide nanosheets are calcined at 120-240 ℃ for 2-4 hours before being sprayed.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the reducing agent to the potassium permanganate is (1-2): 1.
Further, the dropping speed of the reducing agent is preferably 1 to 3 ml/min.
Preferably, the reducing agent is at least one selected from ethanol, weak reducing acids and inorganic salts.
In another aspect, the invention also provides a manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material prepared by the method, which comprises a carbon fiber felt substrate and manganese oxide loaded on the carbon fiber felt substrate, wherein the manganese oxide is delta-MnO with good crystallization2(i.e., a well crystallized layered manganese oxide nanoplatelet material). Preferably, the mass ratio of the manganese oxide nanosheet to the carbon fiber felt substrate is (1.5-3): (5-10).
The manganese oxide material (manganese oxide) in the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material prepared by the invention is delta-MnO with good crystallization2. The manganese oxide material (manganese oxide) has mesoporous pore canals and the specific surface area is more than 100m2(ii) in terms of/g. Wherein, delta-MnO2Is a material with a layered crystal structure. Containing multiple Mn valences, higher low temperature reducibility, and different surface oxygen species.
in still another aspect, the invention also provides application of the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material prepared by the method in formaldehyde catalysis.
The carbon fiber felt material loaded with manganese oxide prepared by the invention can be used as a catalyst for removing low-concentration formaldehyde gas or a catalyst for removing Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) gas by catalytic oxidation, can be used as a formaldehyde removal purification sheet (bag), and can also be used for formaldehyde removal catalytic purification of an air purifier, an air conditioner and a fresh air system.
The main advantages of the invention are:
The catalyst provided by the invention is a carbon fiber material loaded with delta-phase manganese oxide nanosheets, wherein the manganese oxide nanosheets are delta-phase crystal structures with good crystallinity. The delta-phase manganese oxide has a layered structure, and is beneficial to providing more active sites. And the carbon fiber material used as the matrix has a porous structure, which is beneficial to adsorbing formaldehyde gas. The carbon fiber material loaded with manganese oxide has multiple Mn ion valence states, better low-temperature reducibility and different surface oxygen species, which are beneficial to the catalytic oxidation reaction. Finally, the method for preparing the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material has the characteristics of simplicity, easiness, environmental friendliness, low cost and the like (the manganese oxide material is generated through a simple oxidation-reduction reaction between a potassium permanganate solution and an ethanol solution, the manganese oxide powder material is coated on the surface of the carbon fiber felt through a spray gun, and finally, the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber material is obtained through selective calcination).
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a manganese oxide nanosheet MnO prepared in example 1 of the present invention2-XRD pattern of ethyl;
FIG. 2 is an XRD spectrum of different prepared manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber materials and carbon fiber matrix materials;
FIG. 3 shows MnO preparedxSEM picture of/CF sample;
FIG. 4 shows cal-MnO preparedxSEM picture of/CF sample;
FIG. 5 shows MnO preparedx-SEM pictures of cal/CF samples;
FIG. 6 shows MnO preparedx-SEM pictures of cal/CF samples;
FIG. 7 is a nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm curve of various manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber materials prepared;
FIG. 8 is H of different manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber materials prepared2-a TPR map;
FIG. 9 shows O of different manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber materials prepared2-a TPD map;
FIG. 10 is an XPS spectrum of different layered manganese oxide loaded carbon fiber materials prepared;
FIG. 11 is a graph of catalytic efficiency as a function of time for different layered manganese oxide loaded carbon fiber materials prepared for formaldehyde removal.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not restrictive.
The manganese oxide material in the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material prepared by the spraying method is delta-MnO with good crystallization2Has mesoporous pore canal with specific surface area of about 131.77m2(ii)/g; has a layered crystal structure. The composite material has multiple Mn ion valence states (such as Mn2+、Mn3+、Mn4+In which Mn is2+10-15% of Mn ion total amount, Mn3+The content of Mn accounts for 59-63% of the total content of Mn ions4+23-30% of the total amount of Mn ions), better low-temperature reducibility and different surface oxygen species. Wherein the surface oxygen species specifically refers to oxygen adsorbed on the surface of manganese oxide, oxygen-containing groups on the surface of carbon fiber and oxygen in manganese oxide crystal lattice.
Compared with an in-situ growth method, the spraying method adopted by the invention has the advantages that the manganese oxide and the carbon fiber are combined more firmly, meanwhile, the experimental operation is simpler, and the mass preparation is convenient and is applied. The calcination means is also a means for enhancing the bonding strength of manganese oxide to carbon fiber. The preparation method of the manganese oxide-supported carbon fiber felt catalyst material provided by the invention is exemplarily described below.
And preparing manganese oxide nanosheets. And (3) dropwise adding a reducing agent into the potassium permanganate solution, stirring at room temperature for 12-24 hours, carrying out suction filtration and washing, and then carrying out freeze drying to obtain the manganese oxide nanosheet. The reducing agent may be ethanol, or other weak acid or inorganic salt having reducing property. The molar ratio of the reducing agent to the potassium permanganate can be (1-2): 1. wherein the dropping speed of the reducing agent can be 1-3 ml/min. In a preferred embodiment, in step (A), 3.16g KMnO is added4Dissolving in 100mL waterStirring vigorously until completely dissolved, then slowly adding 1.95mL of pure ethanol solution dropwise to KMnO4In the solution, stirring the obtained solution at room temperature for 24h, then carrying out suction filtration and water washing, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain a manganese oxide nano sheet, which is marked as MnO2-ethyl. Wherein the manganese oxide nanosheet is a well crystallized manganese oxide nanosheet material.
And loading the manganese oxide nanosheets on the carbon fiber felt substrate by a spraying method and then drying. Wherein the mass ratio of the manganese oxide nanosheet to the carbon fiber felt substrate can be (1.5-3): (5-10). The parameters of the spraying process may include: the spraying diameter is 3-5 mm, the spraying amount is 0.05-0.1 g/min, and the spraying time is 30-60 min. In a preferred embodiment, 1.5 to 3g of MnO will be dispersed therein2Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on 100mL of isopropanol solution of ethyl for 30min, spraying the solution onto 5-10 g of carbon fiber felt material by using a spray gun with the diameter of a spray head being 0.3mm, and carrying out vacuum drying at 30 ℃ to obtain a manganese oxide material loaded on the carbon fiber felt, wherein the manganese oxide material is called MnOx/CF。
And selectively calcining the carbon fiber felt material sprayed with the manganese oxide to obtain the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material. Specifically, the obtained manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material can be calcined at 120-240 ℃ for 2-4 hours (the combination of the two materials calcined at the same time is tighter and firmer, and the oxygen content of the crystal lattice is increased). As an example, the obtained manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material is calcined at 120-240 ℃ for 2-4 hours. If the manganese oxide nanosheet is sprayed, only calcining the manganese oxide nanosheet (calcining for 2-4 hours at 120-240 ℃) and then spraying, wherein subsequent calcining is not needed; or only calcining the carbon fiber felt (calcining at 120-240 ℃ for 2-4 hours) and then spraying the manganese oxide nanosheet, and the above-mentioned effects of calcining both at the same time cannot be achieved without subsequent calcining.
In general, the delta-phase manganese oxide material is prepared at room temperature by utilizing a simple redox reaction between potassium permanganate and a reducing agent, and then the manganese oxide nanosheet material is coated on the carbon fiber material by utilizing a spray gun and selectively calcined to prepare the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material.
The carbon fiber felt material loaded with the layered manganese oxide prepared by the invention is used as a catalyst for catalyzing and removing low-concentration formaldehyde gas. The catalytic performance was evaluated by removing formaldehyde gas at a flow rate of 52L/min and a concentration of 1 ppm. The experimental procedure was as follows: approximately 13g of catalyst was cut into 25mm by 25mm square pieces, stacked and placed in a sample bin for testing. In the whole reaction process, sampling is carried out by using a phenol reagent every 0.5-1h, and after the phenol reagent and the ferric ammonium sulfate solution are subjected to color development reaction, the formaldehyde content is detected by using an ultraviolet spectrometer.
The manganese oxide nano-sheet is delta-phase manganese oxide with good crystallization, has a layered crystal structure and a larger specific surface area (>100m2/g) and mesoporous structures. The carbon fiber felt material loaded with manganese oxide prepared by the invention contains manganese (Mn) with multiple valence states2+，Mn3+And Mn4+) Better low-temperature reducibility and abundant surface oxygen species (manganese oxide surface adsorption oxygen, carbon fiber surface oxygen-containing group and manganese oxide lattice oxygen). When the material is used for the catalyst for removing low-concentration formaldehyde, the material has high catalytic efficiency on formaldehyde within 9h, part of the material can be always maintained at more than 50%, and the effective catalytic time can reach more than 27 h. The preparation method of the catalyst is simple and easy, is environment-friendly, has low cost, and can be used for catalytic purification of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) gas.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. It is also to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art may be made in light of the above teachings. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, i.e., those skilled in the art can select the appropriate ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific values exemplified below.
The test methods of the present invention, in which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples, are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the manufacturers. All percentages and parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1
3.16g of KMnO4Dissolved in 100mL of water, stirred vigorously until completely dissolved, and then 1.95mL of pure ethanol solution was slowly added dropwise to KMnO4In the solution, stirring the obtained solution at room temperature for 24h, then carrying out suction filtration and water washing, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain a manganese oxide nano sheet, which is marked as MnO2-ethyl. In step (B), 1.5g of MnO will be dispersed2Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on 100mL of isopropanol solution of ethyl for 30min, spraying the solution onto 5g of carbon fiber felt material by using a spray gun with the diameter of a spray head being 0.3mm, and carrying out vacuum drying at 30 ℃ to obtain a manganese oxide material loaded on the carbon fiber felt, wherein the manganese oxide material is called MnOx/CF。
Example 2
To examine the effect of calcination on the catalytic formaldehyde removal performance of the catalyst, 3.16g KMnO was added4dissolved in 100mL of water, stirred vigorously until completely dissolved, and then 1.95mL of pure ethanol solution was slowly added dropwise to KMnO4In the solution, stirring the obtained solution at room temperature for 24h, then carrying out suction filtration and water washing, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain a manganese oxide nano sheet, which is marked as MnO2-ethyl. In step (B), 1.5g of MnO will be dispersed2Subjecting 100mL of isopropyl alcohol solution of ethyl to ultrasonic treatment for 30min, spraying with a spray gun with a nozzle diameter of 0.3mm onto 5g of carbon fiber felt material, vacuum drying at 30 deg.C to obtain manganese oxide material loaded on the carbon fiber felt, and calcining at 200 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain cal-MnOx/CF。
Example 3
to examine the effect of calcination on the catalytic formaldehyde removal performance of the catalyst, 3.16g KMnO was added4Dissolved in 100mL of water, stirred vigorously until completely dissolved, and then 1.95mL of a pure ethanol solution is slowly added dropwise to KMnO4In the solution, stirring the obtained solution at room temperature for 24h, then carrying out suction filtration and water washing, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain a manganese oxide nano sheet, which is marked as MnO2-ethyl. In step (C), 1.5g of MnO was taken2-ethyl material, calcined at 200 ℃ for 2 h. In the step (B), 1.5g of MnO after the above calcination is dispersed2100mL of ethyl isopropanolAfter the solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30min, a spray gun with a nozzle diameter of 0.3mm is used for spraying 5g of uncalcined carbon fiber felt material, and vacuum drying is carried out at 30 ℃ to obtain a manganese oxide material loaded on the carbon fiber felt, wherein the manganese oxide material is called MnOx-cal/CF。
Example 4
To examine the effect of calcining carbon fiber felt on the performance of catalyst to catalyze removal of formaldehyde, 3.16g KMnO was used4Dissolved in 100mL of water, stirred vigorously until completely dissolved, and then 1.95mL of pure ethanol solution was slowly added dropwise to KMnO4In the solution, stirring the obtained solution at room temperature for 24h, then carrying out suction filtration and water washing, and carrying out freeze drying to obtain a manganese oxide nano sheet, which is marked as MnO2-ethyl. In step (C), 5g of the carbon fiber felt material was taken and calcined at 200 ℃ for 2 hours. In step (B), 1.5g of MnO will be dispersed2Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on 100mL of isopropanol solution of ethyl for 30min, spraying the solution onto the carbon fiber felt material calcined in the previous step by using a spray gun with the diameter of a spray head of 0.3mm, and carrying out vacuum drying at 30 ℃ to obtain a manganese oxide material loaded on the carbon fiber felt, wherein the manganese oxide material is called MnOx/CF-cal。
FIG. 1 shows manganese oxide nanosheets MnO prepared2-XRD pattern of ethyl. As can be seen from figure 1, the manganese oxide nanosheet is crystallized delta-MnO2(JCPDS 80-1098) in which 2 θ ═ 12.5 °,25 °,36.5 ° and 65.5 ° correspond to the (001), (002), (-111) and (-321) crystal planes, respectively. This indicates that we have successfully prepared a catalyst with a high specific surface area (> 100 m)2g-1) The delta phase layered manganese oxide nanosheet of (1).
FIG. 2 is an XRD spectrum of different manganese oxide loaded carbon fiber materials and carbon fiber matrix materials prepared. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the carbon fiber matrix is loaded with crystallized delta-MnO2(JCPDS 80-1098) in which 2 θ ═ 12.5 °,25 °,36.5 ° and 65.5 ° correspond to the (001), (002), (-111) and (-321) crystal planes, respectively. This indicates that the carbon fibers were successfully loaded with the manganese oxide material.
Fig. 3-6 are SEM pictures of different manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber materials prepared. In FIG. 3, a, b, and c are MnOxSEM atlas of/CF sample, it can be found that the carbon fiber surface generates uniform loadMnO ofxAnd is accompanied by agglomeration; in FIG. 4, a, b and c are cal-MnOxThe SEM atlas of the/CF sample can find MnO on the surface of the carbon fiber2The agglomeration phenomenon is more serious, and pore channels are generated on the surface; in FIG. 5, a, b, and c are MnOxSEM atlas of cal/CF sample, MnO on the surface of carbon fiber can be foundxThe uniform agglomeration phenomenon is not serious; in FIG. 6, a, b, and c are MnOxSEM spectrum of cal/CF sample, MnO of the surface of the fiber can be foundxIs relatively uniform with partial agglomeration.
Fig. 7 is a nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm curve of various manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber materials prepared. N is a radical of2The relative pressure range of the adsorption isotherm is 0.1-1.0, which indicates that the mesoporous material is obtained. And the specific surface areas are respectively 24.35, 12.46, 27.66 and 19.43m2g-1The pore diameters are respectively 24 nm, 33 nm, 22 nm and 31 nm.
FIG. 8 is H of different manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber materials prepared2-a TPR map. The peak at low temperature corresponds to Mn4+To Mn3+At high temperature, the peak corresponding to Mn3+To Mn2+the transformation of (3). It can be seen from the relative positions of the peaks that the sample of example 2 has the best low temperature reducibility, facilitating the catalytic reaction.
FIG. 9 is O of different manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber materials prepared2-a TPD profile. The peak at low temperature corresponds to adsorbed oxygen species, the peak at medium temperature corresponds to oxygen species containing oxygen radicals on the surface of the carbon fiber, and the peak at high temperature corresponds to lattice oxygen.
Fig. 10 is XPS spectra of different prepared carbon fiber materials loaded with layered manganese oxide, wherein a, b, c, d represent XPS spectra of carbon fiber materials loaded with layered manganese oxide prepared in examples 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively. The peaks at 642.2eV and 653.6eV correspond to Mn2p3/2 and Mn2p 1/2, respectively. The peak of Mn2p3/2 can be classified as Mn2+，Mn3+And Mn4+They correspond to 641eV,642eV and 644eV, respectively, and the ratios thereof are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, manganese oxide Mn in example 22+The ratio is the lowest, and Mn4+The proportion is 29.34% at most due to Mn4+Is most strongly oxidizing and contains a higher proportion of Mn4+The catalyst has better catalytic performance. Except for Mn2+And Mn4+The manganese oxide in this example also contains Mn3 +，Mn3+The presence of (A) favours the progress of the formaldehyde catalytic reaction, due to Mn3+/Mn4+The conversion energy of is lower than that of Mn4+/Mn2+。
Table 1 shows MnO2mesoporous parameters of ethyl nanoplates:
。
Table 2 shows the mesoporous parameters of the carbon fiber felt materials loaded with manganese oxide nanosheets prepared in examples 1 to 4:
。
Table 3 shows the ratio of each valence in the Mn content of the carbon fiber felt material loaded with the manganese oxide nanosheets prepared in examples 1 to 4:
。
Effects of the embodiment
The formaldehyde removal experiments were performed under dynamic conditions. The gas flow rate was 52L/min, the formaldehyde concentration was 1ppm and the catalyst amount was 10 g. The formaldehyde removal efficiency was calculated according to the following formula: removal efficiency ═ CInlet port-CAn outlet)/CInlet port. In fig. 11, a is a graph of the change of the catalytic efficiency of the prepared different carbon fiber materials loaded with the layered manganese oxide with time when removing formaldehyde, and it can be seen that the catalytic efficiency of the samples to formaldehyde is higher within 9h, and part of the catalytic efficiency can be maintained at more than 50% all the time. In FIG. 11 b is cal-MnO prepared in example 2xthe catalytic efficiency of the/CF samples in the removal of formaldehyde varies with timethe initial formaldehyde catalysis efficiency of the sample is higher and is over 80 percent, and the effective catalysis time can reach over 27 h.
All documents referred to herein are incorporated by reference into this application as if each were individually incorporated by reference. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the above teachings of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material is characterized in that a reducing agent is dripped into a potassium permanganate solution, the solution is stirred for 12-24 hours at room temperature, then is subjected to suction filtration and water washing, and is subjected to freeze drying to obtain a manganese oxide nanosheet; the reducing agent is selected from at least one of ethanol, weak reducing acid and inorganic salt, and the molar ratio of the reducing agent to potassium permanganate is (1-2): 1;
loading manganese oxide nanosheets onto a carbon fiber felt substrate by adopting a spraying method, drying, and calcining at 120-240 ℃ for 2-4 hours to obtain a manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material; the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material has multiple Mn ion valence states, wherein Mn2+10-15% of Mn ion total amount, Mn3+The content of Mn accounts for 59-63% of the total content of Mn ions4+Accounting for 23-30% of the total amount of Mn ions.
2. The method for preparing according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the spraying method include: the diameter of the spray head is 3-5 mm, the spraying amount is 0.05-0.1 g/min, and the spraying time is 30-60 min.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dropping speed of the reducing agent is 1 to 3 ml/min.
4. A manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in thatComprises a carbon fiber felt matrix and manganese oxide loaded on the carbon fiber felt matrix, wherein the manganese oxide is delta-MnO with good crystallization2。
5. The manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material according to claim 4, wherein the specific surface area of the manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber felt material is 12 to 30m2The diameter of the mesoporous pore channel is 20-35 nm.
6. use of a manganese oxide-loaded carbon fiber mat material according to claim 4 or 5 for catalyzing formaldehyde.
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