CN107025836A - A kind of engine emission closed-loop control system experimental stand and its operating method - Google Patents
A kind of engine emission closed-loop control system experimental stand and its operating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种发动机排放闭环控制系统实验台架及其操作方法，该实验台架包括进气管、发动机排气管、节气门体及节气门位置传感器、气缸、废气再循环回流管、废弃再循环冷却器、EGR阀、线性EGR阀输出电压液晶显示屏、节气门位置传感器输出电压液晶显示屏以及电子控制单元ECU。该实验台结构简单，易于实现，可以在现有的发动机排放实验台架上进行改装，易于广泛推广。
The invention discloses an engine emission closed-loop control system test bench and an operation method thereof. The test bench includes an intake pipe, an engine exhaust pipe, a throttle body and a throttle position sensor, a cylinder, an exhaust gas recirculation return pipe, a waste Recirculation cooler, EGR valve, linear EGR valve output voltage liquid crystal display, throttle position sensor output voltage liquid crystal display and electronic control unit ECU. The test bench has a simple structure, is easy to implement, can be refitted on an existing engine emission test bench, and is easy to be popularized widely.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种发动机实验台架，具体地说，涉及一种发动机排放闭环控制系统实验台架及其操作方法。The invention relates to an engine test bench, in particular to a test bench for an engine emission closed-loop control system and an operation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
为了满足《环境保护法》法规的要求，仅仅依靠发动机本体的技术措施已经不能满足《环境保护法》对排放指标的要求，在研究和探索中，多种技术的综合协调为实现这一目标提供了可行性。In order to meet the requirements of the "Environmental Protection Law" and regulations, the technical measures of the engine body alone can no longer meet the requirements of the "Environmental Protection Law" for emission indicators. In the research and exploration, the comprehensive coordination of various technologies provides feasibility.
发动机实验台架关于废气再循环系统的设计是为降低NOX排放量，是一种间接降低有害物排放的措施。在大多数的实验环节中，对直接排放的影响较容易测得，例如尾气分析仪，氧传感器与三元催化转换器等装置，对于间接影响有害物排放的措施测试方法欠缺。目前主要的发动机排放实验台架重在演示废气再循环系统的结构及工作过程，EGR率的运算理论上能够量化，实际上做实验演示时难以量化，学生在学习过程中没有直观感受。The design of the exhaust gas recirculation system of the engine test bench is to reduce NOX emissions, which is an indirect measure to reduce harmful emissions. In most of the experimental links, the impact on direct emissions is relatively easy to measure, such as exhaust gas analyzers, oxygen sensors and three-way catalytic converters, etc., and the testing methods for measures that indirectly affect harmful emissions are lacking. At present, the main engine emission test bench focuses on demonstrating the structure and working process of the exhaust gas recirculation system. The calculation of the EGR rate can be quantified in theory, but it is difficult to quantify it in the experimental demonstration, and students have no intuitive experience in the learning process.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述技术存在的缺陷，提供一种发动机排放闭环控制系统实验台架及其操作方法，可以为学生提供直观的测试数据，帮助学生在学习过程中掌握其工作原理，绘制其工作特性曲线，该实验台结构简单，易于实现，可以在现有的发动机排放实验台架上进行改装，易于广泛推广。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned technologies, and provide a test bench for an engine emission closed-loop control system and its operation method, which can provide intuitive test data for students, help students master its working principle in the learning process, and draw its The working characteristic curve, the test bench has a simple structure and is easy to realize, and can be refitted on the existing engine emission test bench, and is easy to be widely popularized.
其具体技术方案为：Its specific technical plan is:
一种发动机排放闭环控制系统实验台架，包括进气管2、排气管4、节气门体及节气门位置传感器3、气缸1、废气再循环回流管5、废气再循环冷却器6、EGR阀7、线性EGR阀输出电压液晶显示屏10、节气门位置传感器输出电压液晶显示屏11以及电子控制单元ECU12，进气管2与气缸1的进气门相连，进气管2流入气缸1的新鲜空气量通过节气门体及节气门位置传感器3控制，节气门体及节气门位置传感器3反映了当前发动机的负荷及节气门开度信息，并通过传感器以电压信号通过节气门位置传感器输出电压连接导线9输送给电子控制单元ECU12，同时该信号以电压形式在节气门位置传感器输出电压液晶显示屏11上显示，电压的大小与节气门开度成正比，排气管4与气缸1的排气门相连，排气管4的功能是将气缸1输出的废气排出并净化，在排气管4上安装有废气再循环装置，包含废气再循环回流管5，其作用是将部分废气引入进气管重新参与燃烧过程，回流的废气通过废气再循环冷却器6冷却后，流过EGR阀7，EGR阀7内有EGR阀位置传感器，能反映EGR阀7的开度，并通过电压信号通过线性EGR阀输出电压连接导线8输送给电子控制单元ECU12，同时该信号以电压形式在线性EGR阀输出电压液晶显示屏10上显示，电压的大小与EGR阀7的开度成正比。An experimental bench for an engine emission closed-loop control system, including an intake pipe 2, an exhaust pipe 4, a throttle body and a throttle position sensor 3, a cylinder 1, an exhaust gas recirculation return pipe 5, an exhaust gas recirculation cooler 6, and an EGR valve 7. Linear EGR valve output voltage liquid crystal display 10, throttle position sensor output voltage liquid crystal display 11 and electronic control unit ECU12, the intake pipe 2 is connected to the intake valve of cylinder 1, and the fresh air flow into cylinder 1 from intake pipe 2 Controlled by the throttle body and the throttle position sensor 3, the throttle body and the throttle position sensor 3 reflect the current engine load and throttle opening information, and the sensor outputs a voltage signal through the throttle position sensor to connect the wire 9 The signal is sent to the electronic control unit ECU12, and the signal is displayed on the throttle position sensor output voltage liquid crystal display 11 in the form of voltage. The voltage is proportional to the throttle opening, and the exhaust pipe 4 is connected to the exhaust valve of cylinder 1. , the function of the exhaust pipe 4 is to discharge and purify the exhaust gas output by the cylinder 1, and an exhaust gas recirculation device is installed on the exhaust pipe 4, including the exhaust gas recirculation return pipe 5, whose function is to introduce part of the exhaust gas into the intake pipe to re-participate During the combustion process, the returned exhaust gas is cooled by the exhaust gas recirculation cooler 6, and then flows through the EGR valve 7. There is an EGR valve position sensor in the EGR valve 7, which can reflect the opening degree of the EGR valve 7, and output through the linear EGR valve through a voltage signal The voltage connection wire 8 is sent to the electronic control unit ECU12, and the signal is displayed on the linear EGR valve output voltage liquid crystal display screen 10 in the form of voltage at the same time, and the magnitude of the voltage is proportional to the opening of the EGR valve 7.
进一步，所述EGR阀7采用线性EGR阀。Further, the EGR valve 7 is a linear EGR valve.
一种发动机排放闭环控制系统实验台架的操作方法，包括以下步骤：发动机排气管4通过废气再循环回流管5经过废气再循环冷却器6冷却后，由EGR阀7控制参与进气的废气量，EGR阀7为线性EGR阀，通过电子控制单元ECU12采集各传感器信号，采用脉宽调制技术控制其阀门开度，从而控制发动机排放系统的EGR率在合理的范围内。A method for operating a test bench of an engine emission closed-loop control system, comprising the following steps: after an engine exhaust pipe 4 is cooled by an exhaust gas recirculation cooler 6 through an exhaust gas recirculation return pipe 5, the exhaust gas participating in intake air is controlled by an EGR valve 7 The EGR valve 7 is a linear EGR valve, which collects signals from various sensors through the electronic control unit ECU12, and uses pulse width modulation technology to control its valve opening, so as to control the EGR rate of the engine exhaust system within a reasonable range.
进一步，系统运行期间，能通过线性EGR阀输出电压液晶显示屏10和节气门位置传感器输出电压液晶显示屏11直观地记录当前的负荷与阀门开度，并绘制EGR率与发动机负荷的曲线图。Further, during system operation, the current load and valve opening can be visually recorded through the linear EGR valve output voltage liquid crystal display 10 and the throttle position sensor output voltage liquid crystal display 11, and a graph of EGR rate and engine load can be drawn.
进一步，电子控制单元ECU12采集到当前的EGR率信息，根据EGR率的范围要求，操作人员能手动调节EGR阀开度改变当前的EGR率。Further, the electronic control unit ECU12 collects the current EGR rate information, and according to the range requirements of the EGR rate, the operator can manually adjust the EGR valve opening to change the current EGR rate.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention:
本发明可以帮助学生更好地理解和学习发动机排放系统的工作特性，熟悉废气再循环系统对发动机工作性能的影响，台架的搭建较为便捷，可以推广到汽车电控和汽车电器实验室作为实验教学使用。The invention can help students to better understand and learn the working characteristics of the engine exhaust system, familiarize themselves with the influence of the exhaust gas recirculation system on the working performance of the engine. Teaching use.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为线性电位计工作原理图；Figure 1 is a working principle diagram of a linear potentiometer;
图2为本发明发动机排放闭环控制系统实验台架的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the test bench of the engine emission closed-loop control system of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
一种发动机排放闭环控制系统实验台架，包括进气管2、排气管4、节气门体及节气门位置传感器3、气缸1、废气再循环回流管5、废气再循环冷却器6、EGR阀7、线性EGR阀输出电压液晶显示屏10、节气门位置传感器输出电压液晶显示屏11以及电子控制单元ECU12，进气管2与气缸1的进气门相连，进气管2流入气缸1的新鲜空气量通过节气门体及节气门位置传感器3控制，节气门体及节气门位置传感器3反映了当前发动机的负荷及节气门开度信息，并通过传感器以电压信号通过节气门位置传感器输出电压连接导线9输送给电子控制单元ECU12，同时该信号以电压形式在节气门位置传感器输出电压液晶显示屏11上显示，电压的大小与节气门开度成正比，排气管4与气缸1的排气门相连，排气管4的功能是将气缸1输出的废气排出并净化，同时为了进一步降低尾气中NOX的排放量，在排气管4上安装有废气再循环装置，包含废气再循环回流管5，其作用是将部分废气引入进气管重新参与燃烧过程。回流的废气通过废气再循环冷却器6冷却后，流过EGR阀7，EGR阀7内有EGR阀位置传感器，可以反映EGR阀的开度，并通过电压信号通过线性EGR阀输出电压连接导线8输送给电子控制单元ECU12，同时该信号以电压形式在线性EGR阀输出电压液晶显示屏10上显示，电压的大小与EGR阀7的开度成正比。An experimental bench for an engine emission closed-loop control system, including an intake pipe 2, an exhaust pipe 4, a throttle body and a throttle position sensor 3, a cylinder 1, an exhaust gas recirculation return pipe 5, an exhaust gas recirculation cooler 6, and an EGR valve 7. Linear EGR valve output voltage liquid crystal display 10, throttle position sensor output voltage liquid crystal display 11 and electronic control unit ECU12, the intake pipe 2 is connected to the intake valve of cylinder 1, and the fresh air flow into cylinder 1 from intake pipe 2 Controlled by the throttle body and the throttle position sensor 3, the throttle body and the throttle position sensor 3 reflect the current engine load and throttle opening information, and the sensor outputs a voltage signal through the throttle position sensor to connect the wire 9 The signal is sent to the electronic control unit ECU12, and the signal is displayed on the throttle position sensor output voltage liquid crystal display 11 in the form of voltage. The voltage is proportional to the throttle opening, and the exhaust pipe 4 is connected to the exhaust valve of cylinder 1. , the function of the exhaust pipe 4 is to discharge and purify the exhaust gas output by the cylinder 1. At the same time, in order to further reduce the emission of NOx in the exhaust gas, an exhaust gas recirculation device is installed on the exhaust pipe 4, including the exhaust gas recirculation return pipe 5, Its function is to introduce part of the exhaust gas into the intake pipe to participate in the combustion process again. The returned exhaust gas is cooled by the exhaust gas recirculation cooler 6, and then flows through the EGR valve 7. There is an EGR valve position sensor inside the EGR valve 7, which can reflect the opening degree of the EGR valve, and the voltage signal is output through the linear EGR valve to connect the wire 8 The signal is sent to the electronic control unit ECU12, and the signal is displayed on the linear EGR valve output voltage liquid crystal display 10 in the form of voltage, and the magnitude of the voltage is proportional to the opening of the EGR valve 7.
进一步，所述EGR阀7采用线性EGR阀，其原理为内装有一个由发动机ECU驱动的电磁线圈组，锥形阀位于电枢轴的端头，当电磁线圈通电产生电磁力时，电枢轴带动锥形阀上升，废气由排气管从打开的阀门流入进气歧管。其内装有EGR阀位置传感器，亦即线性电位计，该电位计的电刷随电枢轴运动，改变可变电阻的阻值，从而输出一个可变电压，电压的大小为1～4.5V，且与电枢轴的位移成正比。Further, the EGR valve 7 adopts a linear EGR valve, the principle of which is that an electromagnetic coil group driven by the engine ECU is installed inside, and the cone valve is located at the end of the armature shaft. When the electromagnetic coil is energized to generate electromagnetic force, the armature shaft The cone valve is driven up, and the exhaust gas flows from the exhaust pipe through the open valve into the intake manifold. It is equipped with an EGR valve position sensor, that is, a linear potentiometer. The brush of the potentiometer moves with the armature shaft to change the resistance of the variable resistor, thereby outputting a variable voltage. The voltage range is 1 to 4.5V. And proportional to the displacement of the armature shaft.
进一步，所述电子控制单元ECU12为本系统的电子控制单元，主要功能是为EGR阀以及电子节气门体、线性EGR阀输出电压液晶显示屏10、节气门位置传感器输出电压液晶显示屏11提供基准工作电压，同时控制EGR阀的线性电位计及电子节气门开度，并将采集到的线性电位计输出信号Y1和节气门位置传感器输出信号Y2输出到LCD显示屏。Further, the electronic control unit ECU12 is the electronic control unit of the system, and its main function is to provide references for the EGR valve and the electronic throttle body, the linear EGR valve output voltage liquid crystal display 10, and the throttle position sensor output voltage liquid crystal display 11. Working voltage, while controlling the linear potentiometer of the EGR valve and the opening of the electronic throttle, and output the collected linear potentiometer output signal Y1 and throttle position sensor output signal Y2 to the LCD display.
进一步，所述EGR阀7的开度信息通过线性电位计的电压信号Y1输出到线性EGR阀输出电压液晶显示屏10，其输出电压大小与阀门开度成正比，阀门开度又与参与再循环的废气量成正比，因此该信号可以反映参与废气再循环的废气量；节气门体及节气门位置传感器开度信息通过节气门位置传感器的电压信号Y2输出到节气门位置传感器输出电压液晶显示屏11，其输出电压大小与节气门开度成正比，节气门开度与发动机负荷成正比，负荷与进气量成正比，因此，该信号可以反映当前发动机的进气量。Further, the opening degree information of the EGR valve 7 is output to the linear EGR valve output voltage liquid crystal display 10 through the voltage signal Y1 of the linear potentiometer, and its output voltage is proportional to the valve opening degree, and the valve opening degree is related to the recirculation It is directly proportional to the amount of exhaust gas, so this signal can reflect the amount of exhaust gas participating in the exhaust gas recirculation; the opening degree information of the throttle body and the throttle position sensor is output to the throttle position sensor output voltage liquid crystal display through the voltage signal Y2 of the throttle position sensor 11. The output voltage is proportional to the throttle opening, the throttle opening is proportional to the engine load, and the load is proportional to the intake air volume. Therefore, the signal can reflect the current intake air volume of the engine.
本系统采集的信号Y1和Y2可以作为当前废气再循环率的计算依据，Y1信号反映了当前的EGR阀开度，Y2反映了当前节气门开度，亦即负荷信号。废气再循环率(EGR率)的计算公式如下所示，其中EGR气体流量是指当前参与循环的废气量，吸入空气量是指当前由空气流量计测量的进入发动机的新鲜空气量。The signals Y1 and Y2 collected by this system can be used as the calculation basis of the current exhaust gas recirculation rate. The Y1 signal reflects the current EGR valve opening, and Y2 reflects the current throttle opening, that is, the load signal. The calculation formula of the exhaust gas recirculation rate (EGR rate) is as follows, where the EGR gas flow rate refers to the amount of exhaust gas currently participating in the cycle, and the intake air amount refers to the amount of fresh air entering the engine currently measured by the air flow meter.
将其推广到本实验台，其EGR率的计算应为Extending it to this test bench, the calculation of its EGR rate should be
公式中横截面积1和横截面积2可以近似为EGR阀的开度和节气门开度，假设当前气体流速恒定，可以将公式中的EGR流速与进气流速消去，即公式简化为：The cross-sectional area 1 and cross-sectional area 2 in the formula can be approximated as the opening of the EGR valve and the opening of the throttle valve. Assuming that the current gas flow rate is constant, the EGR flow rate and the intake air flow rate in the formula can be eliminated, that is, the formula can be simplified as:
通过本实验台的设计，可以直观地观察当前的负荷信息、EGR阀开度与EGR率的关系，固定Y1，可以通过手动控制负荷的方式得到负荷与EGR率的关系曲线；固定Y2，可以通过手动控制EGR阀开度的方式，得到EGR阀开度与EGR率的关系。Through the design of this test bench, you can intuitively observe the current load information, the relationship between the EGR valve opening and the EGR rate, fix Y1, you can get the relationship curve between load and EGR rate by manually controlling the load; fix Y2, you can use By manually controlling the opening of the EGR valve, the relationship between the opening of the EGR valve and the EGR rate is obtained.
进一步，本试验台架中采集的Y1和Y2信号为电压信号，该信号分别用于反映当前参与再循环的废气量和进入发动机的新鲜空气量，所计算的EGR率为比例关系，并非绝对量关系。通过EGR率的模拟，使学生可以更进一步明确EGR阀中的线性电位计的工作特性和节气门位置传感器的工作特性，同时Y1和Y2信号输送给电子控制单元ECU，ECU通过计算当前的实际EGR率，控制EGR阀开度，使EGR率始终保持在合理范围内，当EGR率发生变化时，由电子控制单元ECU通过脉宽调制技术PWM控制改变当前的EGR阀开度来调整EGR率，达到手动控制与自动控制相结合的效果，可以更加直观地观察EGR率对排放的影响程度。Furthermore, the Y1 and Y2 signals collected in this test bench are voltage signals, which are used to reflect the amount of exhaust gas currently participating in recirculation and the amount of fresh air entering the engine, and the calculated EGR rate is a proportional relationship, not an absolute amount relation. Through the simulation of EGR rate, students can further clarify the working characteristics of the linear potentiometer in the EGR valve and the working characteristics of the throttle position sensor. At the same time, the Y1 and Y2 signals are sent to the electronic control unit ECU, and the ECU calculates the current actual EGR. Control the EGR valve opening to keep the EGR rate within a reasonable range. When the EGR rate changes, the electronic control unit ECU will change the current EGR valve opening through PWM control to adjust the EGR rate to achieve The combined effect of manual control and automatic control can more intuitively observe the degree of influence of EGR rate on emissions.
一种发动机排放闭环控制系统实验台架的操作方法，包括以下步骤：包括以下步骤：发动机排气管4通过废气再循环回流管5经过废气再循环冷却器6冷却后，由EGR阀7控制参与进气的废气量，EGR阀7为线性EGR阀，通过电子控制单元ECU12采集各传感器信号，采用脉宽调制技术控制其阀门开度，从而控制发动机排放系统的EGR率在合理的范围内。An operation method of an engine emission closed-loop control system test bench includes the following steps: the engine exhaust pipe 4 passes through the exhaust gas recirculation return pipe 5 and is cooled by the exhaust gas recirculation cooler 6, and is controlled by the EGR valve 7 to participate in Intake exhaust gas volume, EGR valve 7 is a linear EGR valve, the electronic control unit ECU12 collects the sensor signals, and uses pulse width modulation technology to control the valve opening, so as to control the EGR rate of the engine exhaust system within a reasonable range.
进一步，系统运行期间，能通过线性EGR阀输出电压液晶显示屏10和节气门位置传感器输出电压液晶显示屏11直观地记录当前的负荷与阀门开度，并绘制EGR率与发动机负荷的曲线图。Further, during system operation, the current load and valve opening can be visually recorded through the linear EGR valve output voltage liquid crystal display 10 and the throttle position sensor output voltage liquid crystal display 11, and a graph of EGR rate and engine load can be drawn.
进一步，电子控制单元ECU12采集到当前的EGR率信息，根据EGR率的范围要求，操作人员能手动调节EGR阀开度改变当前的EGR率。Further, the electronic control unit ECU12 collects the current EGR rate information, and according to the range requirements of the EGR rate, the operator can manually adjust the EGR valve opening to change the current EGR rate.
参照图1-图2，一种发动机排放闭环控制系统实验台架，包括发动机进气管、排气管、节气门控制单元、EGR阀，进气量的大小亦即负荷的大小，由节气门位置传感器的输出电压显示，并通过显示屏LCD2读取，参与废气再循环的废气量的大小由EGR阀的开度亦即线性电位计的输出电压显示，并通过显示屏LCD1读取，EGR率的计算如公式4所示，实验操作人员可以通过当前的输出电压值计算EGR率，并通过与理论的EGR率比较，手动调节EGR阀的开度，ECU读取的信息存储在RAM当中，通过EGR率的大小实时调整EGR阀的开度，形成闭环控制。上述系统的ECU为该闭环控制系统的ECU，其读取的传感器信号包括节气门位置传感器信号和EGR阀中的线性电位计信号，并通过该信号计算当前的EGR率，当EGR率＞15％时适当减小EGR阀的开度，来减小EGR率。同时，要判断当前的负荷信息，当节气门开度小于20％以及大于70％时，关闭EGR阀，停止废气再循环系统的工作，保证发动机的正常工作。只有在中等负荷情况下打开EGR阀并计算EGR率。Referring to Figures 1-2, an experimental bench for an engine emission closed-loop control system includes an engine intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, a throttle control unit, and an EGR valve. The output voltage of the sensor is displayed and read through the display LCD2. The amount of exhaust gas participating in the exhaust gas recirculation is displayed by the opening of the EGR valve, that is, the output voltage of the linear potentiometer, and read through the display LCD1. The EGR rate The calculation is shown in formula 4. The experimental operator can calculate the EGR rate through the current output voltage value, and manually adjust the opening of the EGR valve by comparing it with the theoretical EGR rate. The information read by the ECU is stored in the RAM. Adjust the opening degree of the EGR valve in real time according to the size of the rate, forming a closed-loop control. The ECU of the above system is the ECU of the closed-loop control system, and the sensor signals it reads include the throttle position sensor signal and the linear potentiometer signal in the EGR valve, and calculate the current EGR rate through the signal, when the EGR rate > 15% Properly reduce the opening of the EGR valve to reduce the EGR rate. At the same time, to judge the current load information, when the throttle opening is less than 20% and greater than 70%, close the EGR valve, stop the work of the exhaust gas recirculation system, and ensure the normal operation of the engine. Only open the EGR valve and calculate the EGR rate under moderate load conditions.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，本发明的保护范围不限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可显而易见地得到的技术方案的简单变化或等效替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention can obviously obtain the simplicity of the technical solution. Changes or equivalent replacements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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