CN107024666B - Apparatus for estimating battery SOC - Google Patents

Apparatus for estimating battery SOC Download PDF

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CN107024666B
CN107024666B CN201710478115.5A CN201710478115A CN107024666B CN 107024666 B CN107024666 B CN 107024666B CN 201710478115 A CN201710478115 A CN 201710478115A CN 107024666 B CN107024666 B CN 107024666B
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battery
value
soc
current
voltage
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CN107024666A (en
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蔡华娟
曾国建
颛孙明明
许海丽
范晓东
朱建
余铿
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Anhui Rntec Technology Co Ltd
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Anhui Rntec Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, and discloses a device for estimating battery SOC, which comprises a processor, wherein the processor is configured to: judging whether the battery enters a discharging tail end or not; and under the condition that the battery enters the discharging end, estimating the SOC value of the battery according to the detected current I of the battery, the voltage V of the battery and the pre-stored corresponding relation among the voltage V, the current I and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers. The precision of the SOC value estimated by the device is greatly improved, and a basis is provided for a user to accurately judge the endurance mileage of the electric vehicle.

Description

Apparatus for estimating battery SOC
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management, in particular to a device for estimating the SOC of a battery.
Background
The lithium battery is widely used in the fields of electric automobiles, energy storage, standby power supplies and the like due to the advantages of high energy density, good environmental protection performance and the like. The State-of-Charge (SOC) is one of the key parameters of the lithium battery, and the SOC represents the remaining electric quantity of the battery pack and is a direct parameter for a user to evaluate the current endurance mileage of the electric vehicle and the remaining working time of the standby power supply.
At present, a Battery Management System (BMS) mainly estimates the SOC of a Battery pack by using an ampere-hour integration method and corrects the SOC with the aid of an open-circuit voltage during standing. However, this method has certain defects, and mainly lies in that when the lithium battery is at the discharge end, if there is a large error in the SOC, the user may misjudge the driving mileage of the electric vehicle, and the lithium battery stops discharging in advance, resulting in serious consequences such as "groveling" of the electric vehicle on half way.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for estimating the SOC of a battery, which estimates the SOC of the battery based on the corresponding relation between the voltage V, the current I and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers, and improves the accuracy of SOC estimation.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for estimating a battery SOC, the apparatus including a processor configured to:
judging whether the battery enters a discharging tail end or not;
and under the condition that the battery enters the discharging end, estimating the SOC value of the battery according to the detected current of the battery, the voltage of the battery and the pre-stored corresponding relation between the voltage, the current and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers.
Preferably, the processor is configured to:
comparing the estimated battery SOC value with a threshold value;
and if the estimated SOC value is less than the threshold value, judging that the battery enters the discharging end.
Preferably, the threshold is 15%.
Preferably, the processor is configured to:
under the condition that the battery enters the discharging end, determining the voltage value V and the current voltage value V under different multiplying powers in the corresponding relation according to the corresponding relation among the voltage, the current and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers1A corresponding plurality of current values;
determining and detecting a present current value I of the battery from a plurality of current valuesxTwo adjacent current values I1And I2Wherein the current value IxAt these two current values I1And I2To (c) to (d);
estimating the SOC value of the battery according to equation (1):
Figure BDA0001328707480000021
namely, it is
Therein, SOCxTo estimate the SOC value of the battery, IxFor the detected current value, I1And I2Respectively corresponding to the current voltage V1Corresponding current value of IxTwo adjacent current values, SOC1And SOC2Are respectively represented by1And I2The corresponding SOC value.
Preferably, the apparatus further comprises:
a voltage sensor for detecting a voltage of the battery;
and the current sensor is used for detecting the current of the battery.
An apparatus for estimating a state of charge, SOC, of a battery, the apparatus comprising a processor configured to:
judging the charge and discharge state of the battery;
under the condition of judging that the battery is in a charging state, judging whether the battery enters a charging tail end or not;
under the condition that the battery enters a charging end, estimating the SOC value of the battery according to the detected current of the battery, the voltage of the battery and the prestored first corresponding relation among the voltage, the current and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers;
under the condition of judging that the battery is in a discharging state, judging whether the battery enters a discharging tail end or not;
and under the condition that the battery enters the discharging end, estimating the SOC value of the battery according to the detected current of the battery, the voltage of the battery and the prestored second corresponding relation among the voltage, the current and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers.
Preferably, the determining whether the battery enters the charging terminal includes: comparing the estimated SOC value with a first threshold value, and if the estimated SCO value is larger than the first threshold value, judging that the battery enters a charging tail end;
determining whether the battery enters the discharge end includes: and comparing the estimated SOC value with a second threshold value, and if the estimated SCO value is smaller than the second threshold value, judging that the battery enters the discharging tail end.
Preferably, the first threshold is 85% and the second threshold is 15%.
Preferably, the processor is configured to:
under the condition that the battery enters the charging/discharging end, determining the current voltage value V at different multiplying powers in the first/second corresponding relation according to the first/second corresponding relation of the voltage, the current and the SOC value of the battery at different multiplying powers1A corresponding plurality of current values;
determining and detecting a present current value I of the battery from a plurality of current valuesxTwo adjacent current values I1And I2Wherein the current value IxAt these two current values I1And I2To (c) to (d);
estimating the SOC value of the battery according to equation (1):
Figure BDA0001328707480000041
namely, it is
Therein, SOCxTo estimate the SOC value of the battery, IxFor the detected current value, I1And I2Respectively, the current voltage V in the first/second corresponding relationship1Corresponding current value of IxTwo adjacent current values, SOC1And SOC2Are respectively represented by1And I2The corresponding SOC value.
Preferably, the first corresponding relationship is a charging curve of the battery at different rates, and the second corresponding relationship is a discharging curve of the battery at different rates.
Through the technical scheme, the SOC of the battery is estimated, and the accuracy of SOC estimation is improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method for estimating battery SOC according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for estimating battery SOC according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method for estimating battery SOC according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method for estimating battery SOC according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a method for estimating battery SOC according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for estimating battery SOC according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows charging curves of lithium batteries at different rates;
fig. 8 shows a charge end curve of a lithium battery at different rates;
fig. 9 shows discharge curves of lithium batteries at different rates; and
fig. 10 shows the discharge end curves of lithium batteries at different rates.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The term "charge end" used in the present application refers to a stage near the completion of charge during the charge of the battery, and the term "discharge end" refers to a stage near the completion of discharge during the discharge of the battery.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for estimating a battery SOC according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for estimating a battery SOC, which may include:
in step S11, it is determined whether the battery has entered the charging end;
in step S12, when it is determined that the battery has entered the end of charge, the SOC value of the battery is estimated based on the detected current I of the battery, the voltage V of the battery, and the pre-stored correspondence between the voltage V, the current I, and the SOC value of the battery at different magnifications.
The battery may be, for example, a lithium battery.
The above correspondence may be, for example, a charging curve of the battery at different rates (as shown in fig. 7). The charging profile may be predetermined and stored. The charging profile may be stored in a memory of the BMS, for example. Methods of determining the charging profile may be known to those skilled in the art.
The voltage of the battery may be detected, for example, using a voltage sensor. The current of the battery may be detected, for example, using a current sensor. Alternatively, the voltage and current of the Battery may be detected, for example, by a Battery Management System (BMS).
The determining whether the battery enters the end of charge in step S11 may include comparing the estimated SOC value of the battery with a threshold value, and if the estimated SOC value is greater than the threshold value, determining that the battery enters the end of charge. The SOC value may be estimated using, for example, ampere-hour integration. In one embodiment of the present invention, the threshold may be, for example, 85%, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the threshold may be any other suitable value.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for estimating a battery SOC according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for estimating a SOC of a battery, which may include:
in step S21, a voltage V of the battery and a current I of the battery are detected;
in step S22, the SOC value of the battery is estimated; for example, an ampere-hour integration method can be adopted to estimate the SOC value of the battery;
in step S23, it is determined whether the battery has entered the charging end;
in step S24, when it is determined that the battery has entered the end of charge, the SOC value of the battery is estimated based on the detected current I of the battery, the voltage V of the battery, and the pre-stored correspondence between the voltage V, the current I, and the SOC value of the battery at different magnifications.
In the embodiment shown with reference to fig. 2, steps S23 and S24 may be the same as or similar to steps S11 and S12 in the embodiment shown with reference to fig. 1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the estimating the current SOC value of the battery in step S12 or step S24 may include:
and determining a plurality of current values corresponding to the current voltage value under different multiplying powers in the corresponding relation. For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of current values corresponding to the current voltage value of the battery on the charging curve of the battery at different magnifications may be determined;
two current values that are adjacent (e.g., closest) to a detected present current value of the battery are determined from the plurality of current values, where the present current value is located between the two current values. Fig. 7 shows charging curves of lithium batteries at different rates. Although a charging profile for a lithium battery is shown, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other types of batteries may be suitable. As shown in FIG. 8, the present voltage value of the battery is V1The current value is IxTwo current values adjacent to the current value in the battery charging curves with different multiplying powers are respectively I1And I2And I with1And I2The corresponding SOC values are respectively SOC1And SOC2。
Estimating the SOC value of the battery according to equation (1):
Figure BDA0001328707480000071
namely, it is
Figure BDA0001328707480000072
Therein, SOCxTo estimate the SOC value of the battery, IxFor the detected current value, I1And I2Respectively corresponding to the current voltage V in a relationship (e.g. charging curve)1Corresponding current value of IxTwo adjacent current values, SOC1And SOC2Are respectively represented by1And I2The corresponding SOC value.
By the method, the SOC value of the battery can be corrected at the charging end of the battery, so that the SOC estimation precision is improved.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for estimating a battery discharge end SOC according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for estimating a battery discharge end SOC, which may include:
in step S31, it is determined whether the battery has entered the discharge end;
in step S32, when it is determined that the battery has entered the end of discharge, the SOC value of the end of discharge of the battery is estimated based on the detected current I of the battery, the voltage V of the battery, and the pre-stored correspondence between the voltage V, the current I, and the SOC value of the battery at different magnifications.
The battery may be, for example, a lithium battery.
The above correspondence may be, for example, a discharge curve of the battery at different rates (as shown in fig. 9). The discharge curve may be predetermined and stored. The discharge curve may be stored in a memory of the BMS, for example. Methods of determining the discharge curve may be known to those skilled in the art.
The voltage of the battery may be detected, for example, using a voltage sensor. The current of the battery may be detected, for example, using a current sensor. Alternatively, the voltage and current of the Battery may be detected, for example, by a Battery Management System (BMS).
The method of determining whether the battery enters the discharge end in the step S31 may include comparing the estimated SOC value of the battery with a threshold value, and determining that the battery enters the discharge end if the estimated SOC value is less than the threshold value. The SOC value may be estimated using, for example, ampere-hour integration. In one embodiment of the present invention, the threshold may be, for example, 15%, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the threshold may be any other suitable value.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for estimating a battery discharge end SOC according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for estimating a battery discharge end SOC, which may include:
in step S41, a voltage V of the battery and a current I of the battery are detected;
in step S42, the SOC value of the battery is estimated; for example, an ampere-hour integration method can be adopted to estimate the SOC value of the battery;
in step S43, it is determined whether the battery has entered the discharge end;
in step S44, when it is determined that the battery has entered the end of discharge, the SOC value of the battery is estimated based on the detected current I of the battery, the voltage V of the battery, and the pre-stored correspondence between the voltage V, the current I, and the SOC value of the battery at different magnifications.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, steps S43 and S44 may be the same as or similar to steps S31 and S32 in the embodiment shown in fig. 3.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the estimating the current SOC value of the battery in step S32 or step S44 may include:
and determining a plurality of current values corresponding to the current voltage value under different multiplying powers in the corresponding relation. For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of current values corresponding to the current voltage value of the battery on the discharge curve of the battery at different magnifications may be determined;
two current values that are adjacent (e.g., closest) to a detected present current value of the battery are determined from the plurality of current values, where the present current value is located between the two current values. Fig. 9 shows discharge curves of lithium batteries at different rates. Fig. 10 is a discharge end curve of a lithium battery at different rates. Although the discharge curve of a lithium battery is shown, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other types of batteries may be suitable. As shown in FIG. 10, the present voltage value of the battery is V1The current value is IxTwo current values adjacent to the current value in the battery discharge curves with different multiplying powers are respectively I1And I2And I with1And I2The corresponding SOC values are respectively SOC1And SOC2。
Estimating the SOC value of the battery according to equation (3):
namely, it is
Figure BDA0001328707480000092
Therein, SOCxTo estimate the SOC value of the battery, IxFor the detected current value, I1And I2Respectively corresponding to the present voltage V in the discharge curve1Corresponding current value of IxTwo adjacent current values, SOC1And SOC2Are respectively represented by1And I2The corresponding SOC value.
By the method, the SOC value of the battery can be corrected at the discharging end of the battery, so that the SOC estimation precision is improved.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for estimating a battery charge/discharge end SOC according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for estimating a SOC of a battery, which may include:
in step S51, the charge/discharge state of the battery is determined;
in step S52, in the case where it is determined that the battery is in a charged state, estimating an SOC value of the battery charging end according to the method shown in fig. 1 or fig. 2; in step S53, in the case where it is determined that the battery is in a discharged state, the SOC value of the battery discharge end is estimated according to the method shown in fig. 3 or 4.
If it is determined that the battery is neither in a charged nor discharged state, the method ends.
Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for estimating a battery SOC according to an embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus may be used to perform the method for estimating the SOC of the battery in the above-described embodiment. Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the apparatus for estimating the SOC of the battery includes a processor 10.
In one embodiment of the invention, the processor 10 may be configured to:
judging whether the battery enters a charging tail end or not;
and under the condition that the battery enters the charging end, estimating the SOC value of the battery according to the detected current I of the battery, the detected voltage V of the battery, and the pre-stored corresponding relation among the voltage V, the current I and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus may further include a voltage sensor 20 for detecting a voltage of the battery; and a current sensor 30 for detecting a current of the battery. The processor 10 is also used to estimate the SOC-value of the battery. For example, the processor 10 may estimate the SOC value of the battery using, for example, ampere-hour integration before determining that the battery enters the end of charge.
In addition, the apparatus may further include a memory 40 configured to store the correspondence relationship. The correspondence may be, for example, the above-described charging curve.
In another embodiment of the invention, the processor 10 may be configured to:
judging whether the battery enters a discharging tail end or not;
and under the condition that the battery enters the discharging end, estimating the SOC value of the discharging end of the battery according to the detected current I of the battery, the voltage V of the battery, and the pre-stored corresponding relation between the voltage V, the current I and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the processor 10 may be further configured to estimate the SOC value of the battery using, for example, an ampere-hour integration method before determining that the battery enters the discharge end.
In this embodiment, the memory 40 may be configured to store the above-described correspondence. The corresponding relationship is, for example, the discharge curve.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the processor 10 may be configured to:
judging the charge and discharge state of the battery;
in the case where it is determined that the battery is in a charged state, the above-described steps for estimating the SOC of the battery in relation to the charging process may be performed;
in the case where it is determined that the battery is in a discharged state, the above-described steps for estimating the SOC of the battery in relation to the discharging process may be performed.
In addition, the processor 10 may be further configured not to perform an operation in the case where it is determined that the battery is neither in the charged state nor in the discharged state.
In an alternative or additional embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus may further include a display 50 configured to display the SOC value of the battery.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the device may be a BMS.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method for estimating battery SOC as illustrated in any of fig. 1 to 5.
The precision of the SOC value estimated by the method is greatly improved, the SOC is maintained in a reasonable range, damage to the battery due to overcharging is prevented, the service life of the battery is shortened, and serious consequences such as 'groveling' of a half-way of the automobile caused by the fact that a user drives the automobile which is mistaken for being fully charged are prevented.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An apparatus for estimating a state of charge, SOC, of a battery, the apparatus comprising a processor configured to:
judging whether the battery enters a discharging tail end or not;
under the condition that the battery enters the discharging end, estimating and correcting the SOC value of the battery according to the detected current of the battery, the voltage of the battery and the pre-stored corresponding relation between the voltage, the current and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers so as to improve the estimation precision of the SOC value of the discharging end of the battery;
wherein estimating and correcting the SOC value of the battery specifically includes:
under the condition that the battery enters the discharging end, determining the voltage value V and the current voltage value V under different multiplying powers in the corresponding relation according to the corresponding relation among the voltage, the current and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers1A corresponding plurality of current values;
determining and detecting a present current value I of the battery from a plurality of current valuesxTwo adjacent current values I1And I2Wherein the current value IxAt these two current values I1And I2To (c) to (d);
estimating the SOC value of the battery according to equation (1):
Figure FDA0002241644470000011
namely, it is
Therein, SOCxTo estimate the SOC value of the battery, IxFor the detected current value, I1And I2Respectively corresponding to the current voltage V1Corresponding current value of IxTwo adjacent current values, SOC1And SOC2Are respectively represented by1And I2The corresponding SOC value.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
comparing the estimated battery SOC value with a threshold value;
and if the estimated SOC value is less than the threshold value, judging that the battery enters the discharging end.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the threshold is 15%.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a voltage sensor for detecting a voltage of the battery;
and the current sensor is used for detecting the current of the battery.
5. An apparatus for estimating a state of charge, SOC, of a battery, the apparatus comprising a processor configured to:
judging the charge and discharge state of the battery;
under the condition of judging that the battery is in a charging state, judging whether the battery enters a charging tail end or not;
under the condition that the battery enters the charging end, estimating and correcting the SOC value of the battery according to the detected current of the battery, the voltage of the battery and the prestored first corresponding relation between the voltage, the current and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers so as to improve the estimation precision of the SOC value of the charging end of the battery;
under the condition of judging that the battery is in a discharging state, judging whether the battery enters a discharging tail end or not;
under the condition that the battery enters the discharging end, estimating and correcting the SOC value of the battery according to the detected current of the battery, the voltage of the battery and the pre-stored second corresponding relation between the voltage, the current and the SOC value of the battery under different multiplying powers so as to improve the estimation precision of the SOC value of the discharging end of the battery;
wherein estimating and correcting the SOC value of the battery specifically includes:
under the condition that the battery enters the charging/discharging end, determining the current voltage value V at different multiplying powers in the first/second corresponding relation according to the first/second corresponding relation of the voltage, the current and the SOC value of the battery at different multiplying powers1A corresponding plurality of current values;
determining and detecting a present current value I of the battery from a plurality of current valuesxTwo adjacent current values I1And I2Wherein the current value IxAt these two current values I1And I2To (c) to (d);
estimating the SOC value of the battery according to equation (1):
Figure FDA0002241644470000021
namely, it is
Figure FDA0002241644470000031
Therein, SOCxTo estimate the SOC value of the battery, IxFor the detected current value, I1And I2Respectively, the current voltage V in the first/second corresponding relationship1Corresponding current value of IxTwo adjacent current values, SOC1And SOC2Are respectively represented by1And I2The corresponding SOC value.
6. The apparatus of claim 5,
determining whether the battery enters the charging terminal includes: comparing the estimated SOC value with a first threshold value, and if the estimated SCO value is larger than the first threshold value, judging that the battery enters a charging tail end;
determining whether the battery enters the discharge end includes: and comparing the estimated SOC value with a second threshold value, and if the estimated SCO value is smaller than the second threshold value, judging that the battery enters the discharging tail end.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first threshold is 85% and the second threshold is 15%.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first corresponding relationship is a charge curve of the battery at different rates, and the second corresponding relationship is a discharge curve of the battery at different rates.
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