CN107022398B

CN107022398B - Alkyl phenate detergent and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN107022398B
Application number: CN201610068967.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘烨
Original assignee: Jiangxi Fuel & Lubraicant Additive Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangxi Fuel & Lubraicant Additive Co ltd
Priority date: 2016-02-01
Filing date: 2016-02-01
Publication date: 2020-05-22
Anticipated expiration: 2036-02-01
Also published as: CN107022398A

Abstract

The invention discloses an alkyl phenate detergent, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: a) mixing alkylphenol, alkaline compound, coupling reagent and solid acid with diluent and/or promoter optionally added or not added to carry out coupling reaction; b) adding an alkaline compound, and introducing carbon dioxide to perform carbonation reaction; c) separating to obtain the target product. The porous structure material activated by organic acid in the process of preparing the alkyl phenate detergent by using the method of the invention, especially the acid clay activated by adding the alkyl sulfonic acid, not only improves the phase splitting problem in the reaction process, but also can take the solid acid as a filter aid in the post-treatment process, thereby improving the post-treatment efficiency. In addition, the synthesized alkyl phenate detergent not only has better acid neutralization capacity, high-temperature detergency and oxidation resistance, but also has good antirust property, corrosion resistance, dispersing property and solubilization property.

Description

Alkyl phenate detergent and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of lubricating oil detergents, in particular to an alkyl phenate detergent, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Lubricating oil detergents are one of the main agents of a lubricating oil additive, and are used in amounts next to the largest amount of dispersant. It not only has the functions of solubilizing, dispersing oil sludge and cleaning, etc., but also has the function of neutralizing acidic material produced by lubricating oil in the course of use, so that it can obviously reduce corrosion and damage of said acidic material to the device, so that it can be extensively used for preparing cylinder oil for ship, gasoline engine oil for car and diesel engine oil, internal combustion engine oil and air-cooled engine oil, etc.

At present, the detergent for lubricating oil mainly comprises various varieties of sulfonate, alkyl phenate, salicylate, naphthenate, oleate and the like. Wherein, the hydrocarbyl groups of the three detergents, i.e. the sulfonate, the alkyl phenate and the salicylate, are alkyl phenyl groups, and account for more than 90 percent of the total amount of the lubricating oil detergent.

Compared with other detergents, the phenate detergent has the advantages of wide and easily-obtained raw material source, simple synthesis process and low cost, and the high-base-number alkyl phenate has excellent acid neutralization capacity and high-temperature detergency and also has good oxidation resistance. However, alkylphenol detergents are inferior in rust prevention, corrosion resistance, dispersing property and solubilizing property, and therefore, improvement of these properties of alkylphenol detergents is required to improve the combination of properties thereof.

At present, there are two methods for improving the rust resistance, corrosion resistance, dispersibility and solubilizing properties of alkylphenates: the first is that a certain amount of sulfonate is added in the process of adding alkyl phenate in the lubricating oil, but when the method is applied to products such as lubricating oil compositions and the like, the problem of compatibility among the products needs to be considered, and a complex formula blending process needs to be matched, so that the operation is difficult and the cost is high; the second method is to add a certain amount of sulfonate in the preparation process of the alkylphenol salt, which can improve the rust resistance, corrosion resistance, dispersibility and solubilization performance of the alkylphenol salt and reduce the complex blending process in the preparation of the lubricating oil composition.

For example, US4865754, US4614602, US4104180 disclose the preparation of alkylphenate detergents with small amounts of low base alkylbenzene sulfonate in the presence of ethylene glycol and diluent oil, wherein the main function of the low base alkylbenzene sulfonate is to increase the solubility of phenate in oil, making it a stable non-coagulating, non-clouding, non-sticky dispersion, and its presence also improves corrosion protection in the final product.

However, in the above-disclosed patents, the addition of a small amount of low-basic alkylbenzene sulfonate has a limited effect of improving rust prevention of the final product, and a sulfonate detergent is still required to be added in the preparation of the lubricating oil composition.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide an alkyl phenate detergent, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the detergent not only has better acid neutralization capacity, high-temperature detergency and oxidation resistance, but also has good antirust property, corrosion resistance, dispersing property and solubilization property.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

the embodiment of the invention discloses a preparation method of an alkyl phenate detergent, which comprises the following steps:

a) mixing alkylphenol, alkaline compound, coupling reagent and solid acid with diluent and/or promoter optionally added or not added to carry out coupling reaction;

b) adding an alkaline compound, and introducing carbon dioxide to perform carbonation reaction;

c) separating to obtain the target product.

Preferably, in the above method for producing an alkylphenate detergent, the solid acid includes any one or a combination of two or more of acid clay containing a free acid, activated acid clay, solid super acid, neutral clay, silica gel, powdery molecular sieve, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, zeolite, molecular sieve, porous ceramic, alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and graphite;

preferably, in the above method for producing an alkylphenate detergent, the solid acid is selected from one or a combination of two or more of acid clay containing a free acid and acid clay activated with a free acid, and particularly preferably from acid clay activated with an organic acid selected from one or a combination of two or more of formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, tert-valeric acid and alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, the alkyl group of which is selected from C₁～C₂₈Straight chain alkyl or branched alkyl, wherein the alkyl is distributed in the para, meta or ortho position.

Preferably, in the above method for producing an alkylphenate detergent, the method for producing an acid clay activated with a free acid comprises: carrying out acid treatment on the argil by using free acid, wherein the treatment temperature is 20-70 ℃, and the treatment time is 1-7 h, and the mass ratio of the free acid to the argil is 0.5-10: 1, drying, and roasting at 100-300 ℃ for 2-5 h.

The embodiment of the invention also discloses the alkyl phenate detergent prepared by the method.

The embodiment of the invention also discloses a lubricating oil composition which comprises the alkyl phenate detergent.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the alkylphenates prepared according to the process of the present invention are suitable for use as detergents in lubricant compositions, in particular the following lubricants, for example: passenger car engine lubricating oil, heavy duty diesel engine lubricating oil, railway lubricating oil, natural gas engine lubricating oil, turbine lubricating oil, rust-proof lubricating oil, oxidized lubricating oil, sliding lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, automatic gear lubricating oil, automatic and manual transmission fluids, tractor fluids, general tractor fluids and hydraulic fluids, power steering fluid, gear lubricating oil, industrial lubricating oil, pump working oil and mixtures thereof, which all produce good results in terms of detergency, oxidation resistance, rust resistance, corrosion resistance and dispersancy.

(2) The method of the invention can prepare the alkyl phenate detergent, and the acidic clay activated by organic acid in the preparation process, especially the acidic clay activated by adding alkyl sulfonic acid, not only improves the phase splitting problem in the reaction process, but also can take the solid acid as a filter aid in the post-treatment process, thereby improving the post-treatment efficiency.

(3) The alkyl phenate detergent synthesized by the invention can effectively improve the rust resistance, corrosion resistance, dispersing performance and solubilizing performance of a final product due to the addition of the alkyl sulfonic acid in the reaction process, and can regulate the proportion of the alkyl phenate to the sulfonate by regulating the addition proportion of the solid acid.

Detailed Description

c) separating to obtain the target product.

In the above production process, the alkylphenol is produced by reacting a hydroxy aromatic compound with one or more monomers-containing C₈-C₄₅Olefin alkylation of oligomers, said monomersSelected from propylene, butylene or mixtures thereof.

In the above-mentioned preparation method, the basic compound may be preferably selected from, but not limited to, alkali metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonate compounds, alkaline earth metal oxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal carbonate compounds, or a mixture thereof. Particularly preferably, the basic compound may be selected from, but not limited to, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, or a mixture thereof.

In the above preparation method, the coupling reagent may be selected from, but not limited to, a sulfur-containing compound and/or an aliphatic aldehyde. Particularly preferably, the coupling reagent can be selected from, but not limited to, elemental sulfur, sodium sulfide, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, hexanal, heptaldehyde, or mixtures thereof.

In the above preparation method, the solid acid includes one or a combination of two or more of acid clay containing free acid, activated acid clay, solid super acid, neutral clay, silica gel, powdered molecular sieve, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, zeolite, molecular sieve, porous ceramic, alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and graphite.

Further preferably, in the above production method, the solid acid includes one or a combination of two or more of acid clay containing a free acid and acid clay activated with a free acid, and particularly preferably selected from acid clay activated with an organic acid including one or a combination of two or more of formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, tert-valeric acid, and alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, alkyl group of which is selected from C₁～C₂₈Straight chain alkyl or branched alkyl, wherein the alkyl is distributed in the para, meta or ortho position.

More preferably, in the above production method, the method for producing the acid clay activated with the free acid includes: carrying out acid treatment on the argil by using free acid, wherein the treatment temperature is 20-70 ℃, and the treatment time is 1-7 h, and the mass ratio of the free acid to the argil is 0.5-10: 1, drying, and roasting at 100-300 ℃ for 2-5 h.

In the production method of the present invention, a diluent may be optionally used or not used, depending on the necessity. Wherein the addition of the diluent prevents the reaction solution from being too viscous to proceed with the reaction and also prevents difficulty in filtration.

The diluent can be selected from hydrocarbon solvents, alcohol solvents, lube base oil, naphtha and the like.

For example, the hydrocarbon solvent may be any one or a combination of two or more selected from toluene, xylene, n-pentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-octane, isooctane, n-decane, etc.

For example, the alcoholic solvent may be selected from, but is not limited to, C₁-C₁₃And monohydric or polyhydric alcohols and derivatives thereof, such as isobutanol and decanol.

Preferably, the diluent is selected from, but not limited to, n-pentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane, n-octane, isooctane, n-decane, toluene, xylene, lubricant base oil, naphtha, or mixtures thereof.

More preferably, the diluent is present in an amount of about 0.5wt% to about 1000.0wt% of the total alkylphenol. More preferably, the diluent is present in an amount of about 50 wt% to about 500.0wt% of the total alkylphenol amount.

In the production method of the present invention, an accelerator may be optionally used or not used depending on the necessity. The addition of promoters generally increases the reaction rate, increases the conversion of the reaction and reduces undesirable impurities in the product.

Wherein the accelerator can be selected from but not limited to at least one C₁-C₁₃And derivatives thereof, dialkyl sulfoxides, dialkyl formamides, dialkyl ethers, dimethyl acetamide, N-dialkyl acetamides, N-alkyl-pyrrolidones, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, phase transfer agents, crown ethers, tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the promoter is selected from but not limited to methanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, propylene glycolAlcohols, isooctyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol, tert-butanol, sec-pentanol or mixtures thereof.

Further, the amount of promoter may vary within a very wide range, for example, the amount of promoter may preferably be about 0.5mol% to 5000.0mol% of the total amount of alkylphenol.

Preferably, in the above preparation method, the coupling agent is used in an amount of about 0.01 to about 20 molar equivalents, the basic compound is used in an amount of about 0.01 to about 20 molar equivalents, and the solid acid is used in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight of the alkylphenol, as compared to the alkylphenol. More preferably, the solid acid is used in an amount of 0.5 to 50% by weight of the alkylphenol.

In the preparation method, the reaction conditions adopted in the steps a to b comprise: the reaction temperature is 5-300 ℃, and the reaction time is 10 min-16 h.

Particularly preferably, the reaction temperature adopted in the steps a to b is 30-250 ℃, and the reaction time is 20 min-8 h.

Further preferably, the reaction temperature adopted in the steps a to b is 50 to 220 ℃, and the reaction time is 20min to 6 h.

Further preferably, the reaction conditions used in step a include: the reaction temperature is 60-150 ℃, and the reaction time is 20 min-2 h.

Further preferably, the reaction conditions used in step b include: the reaction temperature is 60-200 ℃, and the reaction time is 30 min-6 h.

In the above preparation method, step c may include: heating the reaction product finally obtained in step b to a temperature higher than the distillation temperature of the diluent and the water produced in steps a-b, so that the diluent and the water produced are distilled out of the product.

In the above preparation method, after the reaction in step b is completed, unreacted raw materials are removed, and general methods include, but are not limited to: filtering, centrifuging, decanting, etc. to separate unreacted solid material and impurities from the desired product phase. Filter aids such as diatomaceous earth (Celite) may be used to improve the separation efficiency. The solvent and the water produced are removed from the resulting solution by atmospheric distillation or vacuum distillation.

Another aspect of the present invention provides an alkylphenate detergent prepared by the foregoing preparation method, which not only has excellent detergent dispersing action, but also has good rust and corrosion resistance.

Further, the alkylphenate detergent of the present invention has a base number ranging from about 30mgKOH/g to about 350 mgKOH/g.

In a further aspect the invention provides the use of the alkylphenate detergent, for example as a lubricating oil additive.

For example, the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising the alkylphenate detergent.

Further, the lubricating oil composition may also include other components, typically present in detergent compositions and mixtures of lubricating oils and detergent compositions, in conventional amounts. For example, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, foam inhibitors, dispersants, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure agents, and antiwear agents, the definitions of these components and their selection of materials are readily known and determined by those skilled in the art based on the present specification and general knowledge in the art.

Accordingly, some embodiments of the present invention also provide a composition comprising an alkylphenate salt as described above, to which at least one of the following compounds may be added: a lubricant base oil, a detergent dispersant, an antiwear agent (such as, but not limited to, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate), an antioxidant (such as, but not limited to, an alkylated diphenylamine), a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant, a corrosion inhibitor, an anti-foam agent, a friction modifier, or mixtures thereof.

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to several examples, which are provided by way of expanding the invention and not limiting the invention.

The following examples relate to the preparation of certain calcium alkyl phenate detergents, wherein the various reaction participants and process conditions are typical examples, but through the experiments of the present inventors, other types of reaction participants and other process conditions listed above are also applicable and can achieve the claimed technical effects.

Example 1:

under the argon atmosphere, dodecylphenol (49.5 g), base oil (37.5 g), p-toluenesulfonic acid activated white clay (24.75 g) and isooctyl alcohol (30mL) are sequentially added into a reactor, argon is introduced for bubbling while stirring, and after the mixture is heated to 60 ℃, sulfur (11 g) and calcium hydroxide (54.7 g) are added. The mixture was heated to 150 ℃ and ethylene glycol (10 g) was added. The temperature was further raised to 175 ℃ and the reaction was stirred at this temperature for 3 h. The bubbling of argon was stopped, and carbon dioxide (40 mL/min) was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 h. Then the mixed solution is distilled under high vacuum and reduced pressure for 1 hour at the temperature of 150 ℃ to evaporate the solvent and water. The vacuum distillation was stopped and base oil (22 g) was added. Stirring the mixture for 15min, and performing hot filtration to obtain the total base number TBN of the sulfurized calcium dodecylphenate detergent: 294 mgKOH/g.

Example 2:

under argon atmosphere, dodecylphenol (30 g) which is a main component of p-dodecylphenol), base oil (36.5 g), dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid activated clay (18 g) and isooctyl alcohol (50 mL) are sequentially added into a reactor, argon is introduced for bubbling while stirring, and after the mixture is heated to 60 ℃, formaldehyde (11 g) and calcium hydroxide (34.2 g) are added. The mixture was heated to 160 ℃ and ethylene glycol (10 g) was added. Further heating to 180 ℃, and stirring at the temperature for reaction for 3 hours. The bubbling of argon was stopped, and carbon dioxide (40 mL/min) was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 6 h. Then the mixed solution is distilled under high vacuum and reduced pressure for 1h at the temperature of 150 ℃ to evaporate the solvent and water. The vacuum distillation was stopped and base oil (18 g) was supplemented. Stirring the mixture for 15min, and performing hot filtration to obtain the total base number TBN of the dodecyl phenol calcium salt detergent: 239 mg KOH/g.

Example 3:

dodecylphenol (p-dodecylphenol as a main component) (30 g), base oil (36.5 g), C were added under an argon atmosphere₂₀-C₂₄Alkyl benzene sulfonic acid activated Clay (1.5 g) and isooctanol (60 mL)The mixture was added to a reactor successively, argon was bubbled through the mixture with stirring, and after the mixture was heated to 50 ℃, formaldehyde (11 g) and calcium hydroxide (32.9 g) were added. The mixture was heated to 120 ℃ and ethylene glycol (24 g) was added. The temperature was further raised to 200 ℃ and the reaction was stirred at this temperature for 5 h. The bubbling of argon was stopped, and carbon dioxide (40 mL/min) was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 8 h. Then the mixed solution is distilled under high vacuum and reduced pressure for 1h at the temperature of 150 ℃ to evaporate the solvent and water. The vacuum distillation was stopped and base oil (16 g) was added. Stirring the mixture for 15min, and performing hot filtration to obtain the total base number TBN of the dodecyl phenol calcium salt detergent: 175 mg KOH/g.

Comparative example:

dodecylphenol (34.5 g), base oil (27.5 g), basic sulfonate detergent (4.9 g), and isooctanol (30mL) were added sequentially under argon atmosphere into a reactor, argon was bubbled through with stirring, and after heating the mixture to 60 ℃, sulfur (7.9 g) and calcium hydroxide (24.7 g) were added. The mixture was further warmed to 150 ℃ and ethylene glycol (10 g) was added dropwise over 30 min. The reaction mixture was further warmed to 175 ℃ and stirred at this temperature for 3 h. The bubbling of argon was stopped, and carbon dioxide (40 mL/min) was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 3 h. Then the mixed solution is distilled under high vacuum and reduced pressure for 1 hour at the temperature of 150 ℃ to evaporate the solvent and water. The vacuum distillation was stopped and base oil (16 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for 15min, celite (500 mg) was added and hot filtered to give the total base number TBN of the dodecylphenol calcium sulfide detergent: 273 mg KOH/g.

The performance of the alkylphenate detergents obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example was tested as follows, wherein the experimental oil sample used was one in which a certain mass of additive sample was dissolved in the base oil 150N and the additive content was 3.0 wt%. The results of the oxidation resistance (SH/T0719-.

TABLE 1 test results for examples 1-3 and comparative products

It should be noted that, in the present specification, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

It should be understood that various other changes and modifications to the technical solutions and concepts of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art, and those changes and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing an alkylphenate detergent, characterized by comprising:

step a: mixing alkylphenol, alkaline compound, coupling reagent and solid acid with diluent and/or promoter optionally added or not added to carry out coupling reaction;

step b: adding an alkaline compound, and introducing carbon dioxide to perform carbonation reaction;

step c: separating to obtain a target product;

wherein the solid acid in the step a is acid clay activated by alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, wherein the alkyl of the alkylbenzene sulfonic acid is selected from C1-C28 linear alkyl or branched alkyl, and the alkyl is distributed in para position, meta position or ortho position.

2. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the preparation method of the solid acid comprises the following steps: performing acid treatment on argil by using alkylbenzene sulfonic acid at the temperature of 20-70 ℃ for 1-7 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the alkylbenzene sulfonic acid to the argil is 0.5-10: 1, drying, and roasting at the temperature of 100-300 ℃ for 2-5 hours.

3. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the dosage of the solid acid is 0.1-60% of the weight of the alkylphenol.

4. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the dosage of the solid acid is 0.5-50% of the weight of the alkylphenol.

5. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the alkylphenol is obtained by alkylation of a hydroxyaromatic compound with one or more olefins comprising C8-C45 oligomers of a monomer selected from propylene, butylene or mixtures thereof.

6. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the basic compound may be selected from, but is not limited to, alkali metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonate compounds, alkaline earth metal oxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal carbonate compounds, or mixtures thereof.

7. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the basic compound may be selected from, but not limited to, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, or mixtures thereof.

8. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the amount of the basic compound used is 0.01 to 20 molar equivalents to the alkylphenol.

9. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the coupling reagent may be selected from, but not limited to, sulfur-containing compounds and/or aliphatic aldehydes.

10. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the coupling reagent is selected from but not limited to elemental sulfur, sodium sulfide, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, hexanal, heptaldehyde or a mixture thereof.

11. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the coupling reagent is used in an amount of 0.01 to 20 molar equivalents relative to the alkylphenol.

12. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the dosage of the diluent is 0.5wt% -1000.0 wt% of the total dosage of the alkylphenol.

13. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the dosage of the diluent is 50 wt% -500.0 wt% of the total dosage of the alkylphenol.

14. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the promoter may be selected from, but is not limited to, at least one C1-C13 mono-or polyhydric alcohol and derivatives thereof, dialkyl sulfoxides, dialkyl formamides, dialkyl ethers, dimethyl acetamide, N-dialkyl acetamides, N-alkyl-pyrrolidones, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, crown ethers, tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof.

15. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the promoter may be selected from, but not limited to, methanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, propanol, isooctanol, cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol, t-butanol, sec-pentanol, or a mixture thereof.

16. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the dosage of the accelerant is 0.5mol percent to 5000.0mol percent of the total dosage of the alkylphenol.

17. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the reaction conditions adopted in the steps a to b comprise: the reaction temperature is 5-300 ℃, and the reaction time is 10 min-16 h.

18. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the reaction temperature adopted in the steps a to b is 30 to 250 ℃, and the reaction time is 20min to 8 h.

19. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the reaction temperature adopted in the steps a to b is 50 to 220 ℃, and the reaction time is 20min to 6 h.

20. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the reaction conditions adopted in the step a comprise: the reaction temperature is 60-150 ℃, and the reaction time is 20 min-2 h.

21. The method of producing an alkylphenate detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the reaction conditions adopted in step b include: the reaction temperature is 60-200 ℃, and the reaction time is 30 min-6 h.

22. An alkyl phenate detergent produced by the process of any of claims 1 to 21.

23. A lubricating oil composition comprising the alkylphenate detergent of claim 22.