CN107015237A - A kind of sounding optical system - Google Patents

A kind of sounding optical system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107015237A
CN107015237A CN201710438204.7A CN201710438204A CN107015237A CN 107015237 A CN107015237 A CN 107015237A CN 201710438204 A CN201710438204 A CN 201710438204A CN 107015237 A CN107015237 A CN 107015237A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
lens
optical system
sounding
subsystem
optical
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Granted
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CN201710438204.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN107015237B (en
Inventor
刘颖
胡小波
程刚
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LeiShen Intelligent System Co Ltd
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LeiShen Intelligent System Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710438204.7A priority Critical patent/CN107015237B/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/46Indirect determination of position data
    • G01S17/48Active triangulation systems, i.e. using the transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/003Bistatic lidar systems; Multistatic lidar systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4814Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4816Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4817Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of sounding optical system.The sounding optical system includes:LASER Light Source, through hole speculum, reflecting prism and optical receiver system;The laser beam of the LASER Light Source transmitting passes through the through hole of the through hole speculum, target acquisition space is irradiated to after the reflection of the reflecting prism, when the laser beam is irradiated to the detection target in the target acquisition space, the echo of the detection target by after the reflecting prism and the reflection of through hole speculum, is irradiated to the optical receiver system successively.Simplified range-finding optical system is realized, volume is reduced, reduces the technique effect of cost.

Description

A kind of sounding optical system
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to ranging technology field, more particularly to a kind of sounding optical system.
Background technology
In the equipment of long-range scanning ranging is carried out using laser, to realize the function of ranging, lead in its optical design Formed frequently with galvanometer, multiple lasers and multiple receivers and receive multiple light path more, as a result of multiple lasers and many Individual receiver, causes the complicated of remote distance-measuring equipment, size is big so that integral device is heavy, and high processing costs.Together When, multiple radiating circuits and receiving circuit and timing alorithm etc. are also more intractable.
Such as, the laser radar VLP-16 of U.S. verlodyne companies, 200 meters of measurement range, measurement frequency highest 320khz, can detect 360 ° of environmental informations around.But, such configuration causes laser radar VLP-16 needs up to 16 Individual laser carries out transmitting and 16 receivers are received.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of sounding optical system, to simplify range-finding optical system, reduces volume, reduces cost.
The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of sounding optical system, including:LASER Light Source, through hole speculum, reflection Prism and optical receiver system;The laser beam of the LASER Light Source transmitting passes through the through hole of the through hole speculum, by described Target acquisition space is irradiated to after the reflection of reflecting prism, when the laser beam is irradiated to the spy in the target acquisition space Target is surveyed, the echo of the detection target is irradiated to the light and connect successively by after the reflecting prism and the reflection of through hole speculum Receipts system.
Preferably, the reflecting prism can rotate to realize the scanning of vertical direction, the sounding optical system It can rotate in the horizontal plane on the whole.
Preferably, the reflecting prism is reflex prism.
Preferably, in addition to collimating optics subsystem, between the LASER Light Source and through hole speculum, for institute Laser beam is stated to be collimated.
Preferably, the collimating optics subsystem is made up of three lens, along the direction of propagation of laser beam from a left side to The right side is followed successively by the first lens, the second lens and the 3rd lens, and the bore of the collimating optics subsystem is 20mm, and overall length is 35mm。
Preferably, the thickness of first lens, the second lens and the 3rd lens is followed successively by:2.016mm, 3.904mm and 3.038mm;The air gap between first lens and the second lens is 17.812mm, second lens and the 3rd lens Between the air gap be 1.541;Constitute first lens, the second lens and the 3rd lens six faces radius of curvature from Left-to-right is followed successively by:-3mm-1、3mm-1、-555.445mm-1、-14.231mm-1、-276.456mm-1With -31.06mm-1
Preferably, the optical receiver system includes focusing on optical subsystem and photodetector, the focusing optics subsystem Unite for being irradiated to the photodetector after the echo of the detection target is focused.
Preferably, the focusing optical subsystem is made up of four lens and diaphragm, along the direction of propagation of the echo Include the 4th lens, the 5th lens, diaphragm, the 6th lens and the 7th lens, the focusing optical subsystem successively from left to right Bore be 40mm, focal length is 40mm, and overall length is 45mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the 4th lens, the 5th lens, the 6th lens and the 7th lens is followed successively by:4.558mm、 5mm, 4.559mm and 2.271mm;The air gap between 4th lens and the 5th lens is 2mm, the 5th lens The air gap between diaphragm is 4.656mm, and the air gap between the diaphragm and the 6th lens is 2.353mm, institute The 6th the air gap between lens and the 7th lens is stated for 7.603mm;Constitute the 4th lens, the 5th lens, the 6th The radius of curvature in eight faces of lens and the 7th lens is followed successively by from left to right:66.503mm-1、373.521mm-1、49.402mm-1、249.402mm-1、26.82mm-1、76.82mm-1、-40.64mm-1And 38.767mm-1
Preferably, the optical receiver system also includes optical filter, positioned at the focusing optical subsystem and photodetector Between.
A kind of sounding optical system that the present invention is provided, by using by LASER Light Source, transmitting light path with receive light The technological means that road is coaxially disposed, makes the laser beam that LASER Light Source is launched reflect rib by the through hole directive of through hole speculum Mirror, by the reflection of reflecting prism so that laser beam is irradiated to target acquisition space.When laser beam is being irradiated to target spy When surveying the detection target in space, scattering of the laser beam by detection target produces rear orientation light.From detection target Rear orientation light sequentially pass through reflecting prism and through hole speculum reflection after, into optical receiver system.It is such to be received once hair one Complete multi-thread transmitting and reception so that not there is MIMO in the sounding light path system that the present invention is provided Problem, if taking the sounding light path system that the present invention is provided in long distance laser scanning distance-measuring equipment, can be solved Remote range-measurement system in prior art optics due to receive more it is multiple caused by it is complicated, size is big, high processing costs Technical problem, realize simplified range-finding optical system, reduce volume, reduce the technique effect of cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of sounding optical system in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the collimating optics subsystem in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation for focusing on optical subsystem in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.It is understood that this place is retouched The specific embodiment stated is used only for explaining the present invention, rather than limitation of the invention.It also should be noted that, in order to just Part related to the present invention rather than entire infrastructure are illustrate only in description, accompanying drawing.In the case where not conflicting, implement below Feature in example and embodiment can be mutually combined.
The sounding optical system that the present embodiment is provided can be applied to high-precision scanning laser mapping radar, belong to its core Center portion part.The sounding optical system provided using the present embodiment, can be based on time-of-flight method, calculate modulation Laser emission With the time difference of return, obtain light path, and then obtain detecting the range information of target.
As shown in figure 1, sounding optical system includes:LASER Light Source 11, through hole speculum 12, reflecting prism 13 and light Reception system 14;The laser beam that LASER Light Source 11 is launched, through the through hole of through hole speculum 12, by the anti-of reflecting prism 13 Target acquisition space is irradiated to after penetrating, when laser beam target acquisition space illumination to detection target when, the laser beam warp Detection target scattering is crossed, after the echo of formation is reflected by reflecting prism 13 and through hole speculum 12 successively, light-receiving system is irradiated to On system 14.
The optical system that the present embodiment is provided receives mode from axis light so that field of view of receiver is not a problem, and uses One, which receives one, sends out, and reduces optical element, reduces the design difficulty of optical receiver system, simultaneously so that whole sounding optics System bulk is small, compact conformation.
Further, reflecting prism 13 can rotate, to realize the scanning of vertical direction (i.e. z-axis direction is shown in Fig. 1), Sounding optical system can (i.e. the x-y plane of x-axis and the y-axis composition shown in Fig. 1) rotation in the horizontal plane on the whole.Tool Body, reflecting prism 13 is reflex prism.Reflex prism can regard its central symmetry axis as its rotary shaft.
Transmitting laser incides reflex prism by the through hole of through hole speculum 12, and reflex prism direction of rotation is such as A directions shown in Fig. 1, realize the vertical scanning of laser beam in 100 ° of one-dimensional visual fields of z-axis direction as shown in Figure 1, i.e., from- 40 ° to+60 °;Meanwhile, whole sounding optical system can realize the horizontal sweep of laser beam around 360 ° of horizontal rotations, with Z-axis is rotary shaft, is rotated in x-y plane, and direction of rotation is B directions as shown in Figure 1.Optical receiver system 14 it is overall relative to Z-axis has deflected 10 degree, be to realize -40 ° -+60 ° vertical scanning in target acquisition space, i.e., reflex prism realize - 20 ° -+30 ° of deflection.Therefore, the optical system scanning field of view that the present embodiment is provided is big.
The selection of reflecting prism 13 is set to reflex prism.The reason for this set is:Selected in now universal laser radar Galvanometer, causes the scanning angle of existing laser radar to be limited, and because the inherent characteristic that light beam reflects can not be met simultaneously The condition of two scanner uniform scannings, can cause the distortion of scan image.And mechanical scanning angle is required in this optical system For 50 degree, and reflex prism can ideally scan 120 degree.Size in view of launching laser facula, from this angle Seem it is contemplated that the face number of the reflective surface of increase prism, improves the utilization rate of scanning angle and the utilization rate of motor.However, from The axiality of the reflex prism of main processing tends not to be completely secured, if three prism facets of reflex prism are all carried out simultaneously Scanning, will appear from the deviation of scan vision, thus, to ensure the axiality of scanning field of view, selection only utilizes one of prism Face is scanned.In conjunction with view of dimensional problem, selection reflex prism.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, further, sounding optical system can also include collimated light scholar System (not shown in figure 1), the collimating optics subsystem is located between LASER Light Source 11 and through hole speculum 12, for laser Light beam is collimated.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2 collimating optics subsystem can be made up of three lens, along the propagation of laser beam Direction, is followed successively by the first lens 1, the second lens 2 and the 3rd lens 3, the bore of collimating optics subsystem is 20mm from left to right, Overall length is 35mm.
Wherein, the thickness of the first lens 1, the second lens 2 and the 3rd lens 3 is followed successively by:2.016mm, 3.904mm and 3.038mm;The air gap between first lens 1 and the second lens 2 is 17.812mm, between the second lens 2 and the 3rd lens 3 The air gap be 1.541;Constitute the first lens 1, the second lens 2 and the 3rd lens 3 six faces radius of curvature from a left side to The right side is followed successively by:-3mm-1、3mm-1、-555.445mm-1、-14.231mm-1、-276.456mm-1With -31.06mm-1
Further, the first lens 1, the second lens 2 and the 3rd lens 3 can be spherical lens, LASER Light Source 11 Optical fiber laser can be used.
The sounding optical system that the present embodiment is provided, swashs by using by one group of three spherical lens and an optical fiber Light device constitutes the technological means of light emission system, through fibre optical transmission laser, is collimated through first spherical lens, second sphere is saturating Mirror mirror is expanded, the 3rd spherical lens collimation transmitting.The launch spot size for launching laser is 10mm, and the angle of divergence is 0.148mrad, obtains approaching the Gaussian spot of circle, and the angle of divergence is very small, and energy is concentrated, and spot size is 140mm at 500m, It is more prone to so that receiving signal.Therefore, by the sounding optical system, it can realize in 500 meters and scan ranging.And it is beautiful The laser radar VLP-16 of verlodyne companies of state laser uses laser diode, and laser power peak-peak is 75W, when measurement distance is 200m, if detection target reflectivity is smaller, no echo-signal, detection is difficult to complete.
In addition, in other embodiments of the invention, according to will to the difference of detection range in practical application scene Ask, those skilled in the art know that LASER Light Source 11 can not use optical fiber laser, can use other lasers such as:Laser Diode, gas laser, solid state laser etc. is substituted.Similarly, three spherical lens groups of collimating optics subsystem also may be used To be substituted with non-spherical lens group.
Further, with continued reference to Fig. 1, optical receiver system 14 can also include focusing on optical subsystem 141 and photoelectricity is visited Device 142 is surveyed, focusing on optical subsystem 141 is used to be irradiated to photodetector 142 after the echo for detecting target is focused, So that photodetector 142 receives the optical signal of return.
Specifically, as shown in figure 3, the focusing optical subsystem 141 is made up of four lens and diaphragm 8, along echo The direction of propagation, from left to right successively include the 4th lens 4, the 5th lens 5, diaphragm 8, the 6th lens 6 and the 7th lens 7, gather The bore of burnt optical subsystem 141 is 40mm, and focal length is 40mm, and overall length is 45mm.
Wherein, the thickness of the 4th lens 4, the 5th lens 5, the 6th lens 6 and the 7th lens 7 is followed successively by:4.558mm、 5mm, 4.559mm and 2.271mm;The air gap between 4th lens 4 and the 5th lens 5 is 2mm, the 5th lens 5 and diaphragm 8 Between the air gap be 4.656mm, the air gap between the lens 6 of diaphragm 8 and the 6th is 2.353mm, the 6th lens 6 and the The air gap between seven lens 7 is 7.603mm;Constitute the 4th lens 4, the 5th lens 5, the 6th lens 6 and the 7th lens 7 The radius of curvature in eight faces, is followed successively by from left to right:66.503mm-1、373.521mm-1、49.402mm-1、249.402mm-1、 26.82mm-1、76.82mm-1、-40.64mm-1And 38.767mm-1
It is pointed out that focusing on four spherical lens groups of optical subsystem 141 can also be replaced with non-spherical lens group Generation, as long as can complete to detect the focusing of target echo.
Further, as shown in figure 3, optical receiver system 14 also includes optical filter 9, positioned at the focusing He of optical subsystem 141 Between photodetector 142.The echo-signal of laser can be by optical filter 9, and the light of other wavelength is all filtered out, and improves and is System signal to noise ratio, detection range of the increase system under strong light.Wherein, the design parameter of optical filter 9 is as follows:Size:3×3× 3mm, plated film requirement be:1550 ± 0.5nm, T>90% (1550nm central wavelength bands a width of ± 0.5nm, transmitance T are more than 90%);600-1700nm, T<0.1%.Because the photodetector used in this programme is InGaAs APD, it is not only right 1550nm is photosensitive, has different degrees of luminous sensitivity to all wave bands in 600~1700nm, therefore, need to by 600~ Other wavelength that 1550nm wave bands are removed in 1700nm wave bands are all filtered out, even if its transmitance is less than 0.1%;50% bandwidth< 5nm (half-band width is less than 5nm);1% bandwidth<15nm.
Focusing optical subsystem 141, optical filter 9 and the composition optics of photodetector 142 that the present embodiment is provided receive system System 14, improves the signal to noise ratio of echo-signal, results in more accurately measurement result.
Note, above are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and institute's application technology principle.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that The invention is not restricted to specific embodiment described here, can carry out for a person skilled in the art it is various it is obvious change, Readjust and substitute without departing from protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, although the present invention is carried out by above example It is described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited only to above example, without departing from the inventive concept, also Other more equivalent embodiments can be included, and the scope of the present invention is determined by scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of sounding optical system, it is characterised in that including:LASER Light Source, through hole speculum, reflecting prism and light connect Receipts system;The laser beam of the LASER Light Source transmitting passes through the through hole of the through hole speculum, by the reflecting prism Target acquisition space is irradiated to after reflection, when the laser beam is irradiated to the detection target in the target acquisition space, institute The echo of detection target is stated successively by after the reflecting prism and the reflection of through hole speculum, the optical receiver system is irradiated to.
2. sounding optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the reflecting prism can be rotated with reality The scanning of existing vertical direction, the sounding optical system can rotate in the horizontal plane on the whole.
3. sounding optical system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the reflecting prism is reflection three Prism.
4. sounding optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including collimating optics subsystem, position Between the LASER Light Source and through hole speculum, for being collimated to the laser beam.
5. sounding optical system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the collimating optics subsystem is by three Lens are constituted, and the first lens, the second lens and the 3rd lens are followed successively by from left to right along the direction of propagation of laser beam, described The bore of collimating optics subsystem is 20mm, and overall length is 35mm.
6. sounding optical system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that first lens, the second lens and The thickness of 3rd lens is followed successively by:2.016mm, 3.904mm and 3.038mm;Sky between first lens and the second lens Gas gap is 17.812mm, and the air gap between second lens and the 3rd lens is 1.541;Constitute described first saturating The radius of curvature in six faces of mirror, the second lens and the 3rd lens is followed successively by from left to right:-3mm-1、3mm-1、-555.445mm-1、-14.231mm-1、-276.456mm-1With -31.06mm-1
7. sounding optical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the optical receiver system includes focusing on light Storage subsystem and photodetector, the focusing optical subsystem are used to irradiate after the echo of the detection target is focused To the photodetector.
8. sounding optical system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the focusing optical subsystem is by four Lens and diaphragm composition, along the direction of propagation of the echo from left to right successively include the 4th lens, the 5th lens, diaphragm, 6th lens and the 7th lens, the bore of the focusing optical subsystem is 40mm, and focal length is 40mm, and overall length is 45mm.
9. sounding optical system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the 4th lens, the 5th lens, The thickness of six lens and the 7th lens is followed successively by:4.558mm, 5mm, 4.559mm and 2.271mm;4th lens and the 5th The air gap between lens is that 2mm, the 5th the air gap between lens and diaphragm are 4.656mm, the diaphragm The air gap between the 6th lens is 2.353mm, and the 6th the air gap between lens and the 7th lens is 7.603mm;Constitute the 4th lens, the 5th lens, the 6th lens and the 7th lens eight faces radius of curvature from a left side to The right side is followed successively by:66.503mm-1、373.521mm-1、49.402mm-1、249.402mm-1、26.82mm-1、76.82mm-1、- 40.64mm-1And 38.767mm-1
10. sounding optical system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the optical receiver system also includes filter Mating plate, between the focusing optical subsystem and photodetector.
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CN108051796A (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-05-18 合肥嘉东光学股份有限公司 A kind of miniaturization coaxial-type laser radar system based on TOF
CN108549159A (en) * 2018-06-04 2018-09-18 凯迈(洛阳)测控有限公司 It is a kind of to shine the optical system for surveying device for airborne laser
CN108761421A (en) * 2018-03-20 2018-11-06 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 A kind of solid-state laser radar
CN109581402A (en) * 2019-01-24 2019-04-05 西安深瞳智控技术有限公司 A kind of strapdown laser half actively guides shot detection system and method
CN110161482A (en) * 2018-02-10 2019-08-23 德尔福技术有限公司 Capsule
CN110235025A (en) * 2018-04-28 2019-09-13 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 Distance detector
CN110231606A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-09-13 蔚来汽车有限公司 Laser scanning device and laser radar apparatus including it
CN113126118A (en) * 2019-12-31 2021-07-16 武汉万集信息技术有限公司 3D laser radar
CN113514845A (en) * 2020-03-27 2021-10-19 北醒(北京)光子科技有限公司 Laser radar optical system
CN113655465A (en) * 2021-08-12 2021-11-16 重庆理工大学 Anti-interference laser radar based on multi-wavelength continuous scanning

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