CN1070123C - Method and device for setting focus curve gauge - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for setting a focus curve gauge and a device thereof are provided with more than 1 limiting pin, a flexible curve limiting pin for limiting or restricting, and a moving point (painting brush) which draws a motion track at the position of the flexible curve limited by the limiting pin and tensioned. The invention provides an analytic curve expression for a focus curve, overcomes the defect of single function of the existing drawing instrument, and can realize the functions of various drawing tools such as compasses, ellipsometers, hyperbola gauges, parabola gauges, trifocal curve compasses, vernier calipers and the like. Is not only economical and practical, but also simple and convenient.

Description

A kind of method to set up of focus curve instrument and device thereof

The present invention relates to a kind of novel drawing instrument and process equipment, especially a kind of method to set up of focus curve instrument and device thereof also relate to the making of three warmers curve circle drawing tools.

Up to now, manual drawing instrument great majority by compasses, compasses, detail pen or fixedly graphics template etc. form, wherein compasses can be drawn the circle and the circular arc of any radius, compasses can the five equilibrium line segment, the ruling pen lines of different thicknesses that can draw, template can be drawn out fixed dimension and fixedly ellipse, the hyperbola figures of curvature.But existing drawing instrument can't be drawn conic section and various dissimilar three warmers curve circles (referring to following definitions) such as ellipse, hyperbola and the parabola of arbitrary parameter.The curve modeling that meets ergonomics that needs most during for new product designs, existing manual drawing instrument is just powerless.For example, present all methods of geometry, no matter be euclidean geometry, how much of Luo Shi, Li Shi how much, or projective geometry, Differential Geometry, the curve arc that is connected of the egg type that all can't directly draw circle or cobblestone curve circle and relative continuous transformation curvature.Relevant book thinks all that also this class oval curve circle neither resembles circle and oval, does not also resemble hyperbola and parabola, belongs to irregular curvilinear figure, can't be described with mathematic(al) representation, and two complete living avette circles also can't draw.Therefore, although many people carried out effort, can only adopt the approximate technique of painting to be described mostly.Following three kinds of methods are comparatively typically arranged: 1, Robert's smooth willing at first draw " Euclidean egg ", shape resembles the goose egg, be that circular arc by eight different centers of circle, five different radiis is formed by connecting: 2, " the Tang Shi egg " that Britain archaeologist Alexandria Tom draws and, be that circular arc by four different centers of circle, three different radiis is formed by connecting: 3, the ovum circle that the Qin Sheng of Sichuan Province instruction is drawn and is that the circular arc by four different centers of circle, three different radiis is formed by connecting.Also having some other the technique of painting, also all is that the circular arc of having used common compasses is formed by connecting, not only loaded down with trivial details but also inaccurate.Even by means of computer and plotter, also need to carry out miscellaneous professional very strong analysis, set up Mathematical Modeling and carry out computing, both uneconomical also inconvenient during use.Also the drawing instrument that has the drafting of being specifically designed to maybe can draw all conic sections and three warmers curve circle is seen at the end at present, in present computer CAD/CAM software systems, do not see the function that directly to draw egg type circle or cobblestone curve circle and the various arcs that are connected thereof yet.

The method to set up and the device thereof that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of focus curve instrument intuitively, it not only has the repertoire of common drawing instrument, and can draw the conic sections such as ellipse, hyperbola and parabola of arbitrary parameter, and various three warmers curves circles or continuous vari-focus curve with similar characteristics.Use it and can improve students'ability for practice and overall qualities.

The present invention also aims to provide the focal curve of the smooth connection that single drawing instrument can't draw and build-up curve thereof, more provide the graphical tool of zoom curve of being connected that to draw.Social life be unable to do without surface modeling, various curve and the surface modelings that meet the grace of ergonomics affect the aesthetic conceptions of people to life appliance, household electrical appliance and building decoration, no matter being carplane or mouse phone, all is to be its external expressive form with the curve modeling of grace.Study various curves and curved surface and have very real practical value for exploitation concept type product.

The present invention also aims to provide a kind of drawing pens of using of the present invention's of being suitable for cooperation more, it not only has the function of common drawing pen, can also draw circle, the ellipse of arbitrary parameter and comprise various three warmers curve circles and the many focal curves circle that has symmetry axis and do not have symmetry axis.All smooth curves can be drawn easily.Be a kind of drawing practice and instrument of having contained conic section and can having carried out smooth connection to the build-up curve of a plurality of focuses.Both economical and practical, simple and convenient again.

The object of the invention also provides a kind of convenient paintbrush tool of drawing and convenient spacing position-limit foot, and a kind of multi-functional Curve Tool of studying the some movement locus under a plurality of position-limit foot constraintss in the motion is provided.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

A kind of method to set up of focus curve instrument, it is characterized in that: be provided with position-limit foot more than 1 (can be divided into point-like, linearity and position-limit foot such as plane), general 1-3 pin commonly used, other is provided with flexible wires spacing or constraint by position-limit foot, and being provided with a moving point (drawing pen nib or machining tool head) in addition, moving point can be drawn or process at the formed movement locus place, position of the spacing flexible wires tensioning of limited pin.4-10 pin also is can usefulness.

Flexible wires can be to be provided with the flexible coil winding apparatus in the method for position-limit foot upper limit or constraint, and the device of the method setting has provided the instrument of can draw various closed curves or one section combination zoom arc.Described flexible coil around area greater than the polygonal area that is formed by connecting by position-limit foot.

Flexible wires can be the mode of folding and unfolding flexible wires in the method for position-limit foot upper limit or constraint.Its device is constituted by winder and the flexible wires and the flexible wires set screw of passing the position-limit foot wire guide, and the flexible wires of winder is drawn from the wire guide of position-limit foot.The device of the method setting has provided the hyp instrument that can draw.

In the present invention who is provided with two position-limit foots, the position-limit foot of one of them can also be the linearity position-limit foot.Its device is for being subjected to the restriction of point-like position-limit foot and linearity position-limit foot simultaneously when flexible wires, moving point (detail pen) is under the constraint of fixed length flexible wires, setting-out groove along the linearity position-limit foot moves to perpendicular straightedge rule direction, and the device of the method setting has provided the parabolical instrument that can draw.

Position-limit foot of the present invention can also be plane position-limit foot, also can claim the focal plane position-limit foot.Its device can will launch just can draw involute around the flexible wires on its limit around the disk of flexible wires for the edge.

Therefore, utilize the method to set up of focus curve instrument of the present invention, can specifically make divider calipers and many focuses closed curve (many focal curve circles) rule of various focal curves.For example:

The structure of compasses is: be provided with a position-limit foot, which is provided with the flexible coil winding apparatus, will move point (tip of a pencil) and detour along the flexible wires tension direction, its movement locus is exactly round.

The structure of ellipsograph is: be provided with two position-limit foots, other has flexible coil around two position-limit foot tips, or the turnbuckle of folding and unfolding flexible wires is fixed therein on the position-limit foot, is exactly elliptic curve with the movement locus of paintbrush tensioning flexible wires.

The structure of hyperbolograph is: two position-limit foots are respectively on hyperbolic focus frame and vernier guide rail, distance between the two position-limit foot focuses can be adjusted, have that volume has flexible wires in the winder of warp power or damping, set screw can be regulated the length of two sections flexible wires, and can draw respectively at two focus places, determined the relative position of setting-out nib (moving point) to two focus places, keep two line segments tighten simultaneously and isometric situation of pulling out under, the track that its detail pen moves is exactly required hyperbola.

The structure of para-curve gauge is: a position-limit foot is the point-like position-limit foot (focus) that stretches out, another position-limit foot is linearity position-limit foot (inserting the stroke wire casing), and can vertically on the straight line chi, slide, one end of the flexible wires of fixed length is fixed on the focus place of point-like position-limit foot, the other end is fixed on the end of linearity position-limit foot, when detail pen along the linearity position-limit foot when the ruler direction moves, be subjected to the constraint of flexible wires, the track that its detail pen moves is exactly a parabola, and moving point trace trends towards the vertical line mid point of point-like position-limit foot and straightedge rule.

The structure of three warmers curve compasses trace is: have three position-limit foots, can adjust neatly relative position and firmly the location, other establishes a pliable and tough inductility, can adjust the toroid of size, it is enclosed around three position-limit foot tips, moving point (drawing pen) setting-out on the curve of flexible wires tensioning, flexible wires is limited by two position-limit foots at least when setting-out.Three different focus distances are combined with eccentricity has different figures.Should move the track of point, be needed three warmers curve circle.

With the structure of three focal curve compasses, difference only is that position-limit foot is four or a plurality of to the structure of four focuses and many focal curves compasses fully.

Also will move a paintbrush in apparatus of the present invention and do an improvement, and become and use drawing pen more one: at the front end of drawing penholder, two nibs that can exchange are arranged, one is common nib, the setting-out of can writing, another is oval nib, can draw circle, ellipse, three warmers curve circle or the how burnt curve circle of arbitrary parameter.On the oval nib U-shaped sheet metal is arranged, upper and lower sleeve is connected on the nib, and the U-shaped sheet metal can freely rotate around nib.Stringing mechanism is housed on the U-shaped sheet metal, can pulls out line segment, also can fastening line segment.

When drawing circular the time, earlier line segment is pulled out the length that doubles radius, the tip of oval pen is positioned circle centre position, then another pencil is inserted annular flexible wires and tighten, the detour track in a week of pencil is exactly needed circle.The annular flexible wires is similar to the notion of round trip back and forth of laser ranging, and this is different from the round surely notion of common radius.

When drawing ellipse, earlier line segment is pulled out and equal transverse and add distance between the bifocal, annular line segments is inserted at two tips of compasses (or two pencils) simultaneously, and be positioned two oval focus places, around one week of compasses, needed ellipse can draw with the ellipse pen.Similar comet is subjected to the regression concept of big quality celestial body gravitation effect, and this is different from usually by the line that equals major axis and is connected oval notion on two focuses.

When drawing three warmers (three focuses) curve circle, earlier line segment is pulled out required length, annular line segments is inserted at three tips of triangular compass simultaneously, and be positioned three focus places of three warmers curve circle, around one week of triangular compass, needed three warmers curve circle can draw with the ellipse pen.

The notion that three warmers (perhaps many burnt) curve circle is introduced for the inventive method, circle on the pure meaning and ellipse are non-existent at nature, a large amount of shapes that are actually three warmers (how burnt) curve circle that exist in the natural world, for example, egg duck's egg dinosaurian eggs is as honeycomb, for studying the meaning that the survival of the fittest in natural selection has particular importance, nearly all oviparous animal is all ensconced their offspring in the exquisite avette ball.This avette circle uses calcareous material seldom, but very big intensity can be arranged, and has very rational geometry and mechanics principle, also has the curve circle of a large amount of asymmetric cobblestone shapes etc. in addition.Find between single focal circle, two focal circles, three focal circles and the many focal circles close getting in touch arranged after deliberation.When a moving point during around a plurality of focuses operation of a focus or (this focus can split into two, three or), the moving track of putting can be described with same class Mathematical Modeling fully.Integrate from the following aspects and to be analyzed, will help the present invention is done further understanding:

1, definition: " if distance between known each focus, an and moving some eccentricity so just can be determined the geometry proterties of any many focal circles, three focal circles, two focal circles and single focal circle ".This also is applicable to circle and ellipse on the conventional meaning fully.With three warmers curve circle is example, and when the size of three focus A, B, C was zero, the track of moving some E was common three warmers curve circle.Line a, b, c between three focuses of three warmers curve circle are three focus limits, and a is the shortest, b secondly, c is the longest, joins end to end, moving some E is subjected to the constraint of loop wire L, moves around three focuses.E is an eccentricity, the quadrangle length of side sum of eccentricity=3 4 formations of focus limit sum/ABCE, i.e. e=(a+b+c)/L.The eccentricity of many focal circles, three focal circles, two focal circles is certainly less than 1 greater than zero, and the eccentricity of single focal circle equals zero, i.e. e=O/L.The shape of three focal circles is determined by three focuses leg-of-mutton shape of focus that constitutes and the eccentricity of moving some E.(Fig. 6)

By above-mentioned definition as can be known, any single focal circle can be described with a mathematic(al) representation, if the long L of loop wire between promptly known moving point and the focus, perhaps " one moving o'clock around a fixed point operation; when 2 round distances were constantly equal to a constant, the moving point trace figure was single focal circle ".No matter fixed point is moved the size of putting, and single focal circle all is round, and greatly then the moving point trace circular diameter is little for two spot sizes, otherwise then big.When two spot sizes are zero, be the circle that a diameter equals this constant.

In like manner, any two focal circles can be described with a mathematic(al) representation, and promptly it moves the eccentricity e=a/L of some E, and wherein a is the distance between bifocal A, the B.Perhaps " a moving point is around two fixed point operations, and when 3 were constantly equal to a constant apart from sum, the moving point trace figure was that two burnt curves are justified ".Figure trend ovum circle when the size of two focuses is different, figure is the focal plane ellipse when the bifocal size equates, when the bifocal size was zero, moving point trace was the ellipse on the ordinary meaning.(Fig. 7, Fig. 8)

In like manner, any three warmers curve circle can be described with a mathematic(al) representation, i.e. eccentricity e=(a+b+c)/L of its moving some E.Perhaps " a moving point is around three fixed point operations, and when 4 were constantly equal to a constant apart from sum, the moving point trace figure was that the three warmers curve is justified ".When three focuses distances and eccentricity were a particular value, trace graphics was avette circle, and is isosceles three warmers curve circle certainly, and egg duck's egg dinosaurian eggs has different parameters respectively.When the size of three focuses not sample for the moment, three warmers curve toroidal is different, when three focal spot sizes were zero, moving point trace was common three warmers curve circle.(Fig. 9,10,11,12)

About some characteristics of n focal circle, can the rest may be inferred, just do not describe in detail here.(Figure 13,14)

2, loop wire is long: the polygonal girth that constitutes between loop wire length L=moving point and the focus, promptly the length of side of L=n+1 mouth limit shape and.

Three warmers loop line length L=moving some E and three tetragonal girths that focus ABC constitutes.

Two focal circle loop wire length L=moving some E and two leg-of-mutton girths that focus AB constitutes.

The round distance of single focal circle loop wire length L=E to focus A of moving point.

3, eccentricity: the distance between the eccentricity e=focus and/the long L of loop wire

Three focal length sums of three focal circle eccentricity e=a+b+c/ loop wire length L.The eccentricity of three focal circles is affirmed less than 1 greater than zero.

Between two focuses of two focal circle eccentricity e=apart from a/ loop wire length L, promptly.The eccentricity of two focal circles is affirmed less than 1 greater than zero.

Single focal circle eccentricity e=zero/loop wire length.The eccentricity of single focal circle equals zero certainly.

This arc a ＇ is to be the bifocal distance with a limit, is one section elliptic arc of major axis with loop wire L-a.

" being to be the bifocal distance with a limit, is one section elliptic arc of major axis with loop wire L-b-c to become arc a.

Distance between three focus ABC is followed successively by a, b, three focus limits of c from short to long, when moving some E, be subjected to A successively, B around three focussing movements, twice spacing constraint of three focuses of C, the elliptic arc of six sections different curvature of formation, the head and the tail smooth connection constitutes three warmers curve circle, these six sections arcs are followed successively by: A becomes arc a "; this arc of B b ＇, C becomes arc c ", this arc of A a ＇, B becomes arc b ", this arc of C c ＇ (Fig. 6).So Fu Za curvilinear figure when reality is drawn if one just can finish.

The eccentricity rule: the eccentricity of three warmers curve circle is more little, trends towards circle more, and eccentricity is big more, trends towards three focus limits more.The eccentricity of two focal circles is more little, trends towards circle more, and eccentricity is big more, trends towards prolate shape more.Single focal circle eccentricity is zero.

4, symmetry law: (in two dimensional surface, focal spot size is zero)

Plane three warmers curve circle can be divided into symmetry and asymmetric two big classes.

The various isosceles three warmers curves that have of single shaft symmetry are justified, and promptly egg type circle, turriform circle and clavate circle have and only have a symmetry axis.

Three axisymmetricly have various equilateral three warmers curves circles, and promptly the curve of equilateral triangle circle has and only have three symmetry axis.

No symmetry axis be various inequilateral three warmers curves circles, i.e. right angle, acute angle, obtuse angle three warmers curve circle are as cobblestone shape curve circle, no symmetry axis.

Two focal circles, promptly oval, all symmetry has two symmetry axis usually.

Single focal circle, promptly circular, all symmetry has or not several symmetry axis.

5, similarity law: in focal spot size be under zero the situation: " if two figure focal distance ratios in different size are all identical with eccentricity, these two figures are similar.”

All identical with eccentricity as two three warmers curve circle focal distance ratios in different size, these two three warmers curve circles are similar "

All identical with eccentricity as two two focal circle focus distances in different size, these two two focal circles are similar.”

Any two single focal circles in different size, all similar.”

Other many aspect, as girth, area, shape, tangent line, common tangent theorem, and some parameters changes the aspects such as variation tendency of the shape eccentricity area that causes, very relevant rule is all arranged, and can carry out reality and just not give unnecessary details here.

Characteristics of the present invention: not only focal curve is all expressed with analytic curve, and can one just directly draws, and the method to set up of the three warmers curve circle very build-up curve figure of the continuous variation curvature of complexity be described with mathematics (parsing) expression formula.Three warmers curve circle and single focal circle, two focal circles, many focal circles of extending out thus, single polar body, two polar bodys, three polar bodys and multipole body, monohedron, two sides body, trihedral and polyhedron, the diversity of serial notions such as pole-face synthesis has represented very wide daily use field to us.Apparatus of the present invention are acquired art shapes furniture and appliances dress ornament suspension member at ergonomic, acquire vehicles building decoration cupboard from air force and defend sanitary equipment, and practical widely prospect is all arranged.

Utilize the present invention can make novel drawing instrument, draw the curve of various focal curves and multiple continuous variation curvature, also can design special equipment, process the build-up curve and the curve-surface cavity of various complexity.For example, can process various shaped form glasswares easily, can grind aspheric optical mirror plane, and make parabolic solar cooker etc.Also education provides lively instrument directly perceived to geometry in the present invention, can either be used for euclidean geometry, also can describe non-euclidean geometry, can be used for research topics such as Theoretical Physics and astronomy equally in reality.

The present invention is the extension of the moving point of research movement locus of object, when the physical dimension of focus is that moving point is subjected to the active force of one or more focuses, can obtain many kinds of curves under the situation of zero (being the infinitely small no quality of focus).When the position-limit foot that the present invention introduced is plane position-limit foot, promptly is equivalent to focus and has physical dimension, have quality and gravitation.When utilizing focal plane position-limit foot trace, can simulate when moving point trace has the space-time proterties, can present different spatial shape or curve.For example, the orbital path of solar system reality may be described intuitively with the method, periodically comet is actually the focus (sun) that is subjected to a big quality and the graviational interaction of other celestial body, thereby its track can not be one on the euclidean geometry meaning ellipse and should be asymmetric oval, this favourable prediction and correction to track.This kind focus curve instrument helps to study celestial mechanics, hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, ergonomics, electromagnetic dynamics, celestial mechanics, space power, topology, bionics, gravitational field opinion, and many fields such as design model of 21st century generalities product.The meaning of this respect of the present invention also may have scientific value.

The significance that another is derived of the present invention also is, this drawing method can be used for various computers, can be made into popular CAD/CAM software, be used for the design of complex curve and surface modeling, for the end user provides lively picture function directly perceived, its being seen curve and all digitlizations of curved surface need not to set up the complex mathematical formula to carry out loaded down with trivial details branch folding design by the know-how personnel, just can directly carry out emulation or processing.

Order of the present invention also provides a kind of convenient paintbrush tool of drawing and convenient spacing position-limit foot, promptly extraordinary paintbrush and support.Therefore also combine the function of multiple trace.

The invention has the advantages that it has overcome the deficiency of existing drawing instrument function singleness, can realize the function of multiple surveying and mapping tools such as compasses, compasses, ellipsograph, hyperbolograph, para-curve gauge, three warmers curve compasses trace, slide measure.Both economical and practical, simple and convenient again.

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:

Fig. 1 is the structure chart of mobile jib, ellipsograph extension bar, sucker pin and bending stitch.

Fig. 2 is a hyperbolograph extension bar structure chart, and Fig. 2 B is a cutaway view.

Fig. 3 is a para-curve gauge extension bar structure chart, and Fig. 3 B is a cutaway view.

Fig. 4 is a three warmers curve compasses trace structure chart.

Fig. 5 is many structure charts with drawing pen, focal plane stitch.

Fig. 6 is the three warmers curve circle diagram shape that three focal curve programmings go out.Wherein ABC is three focuses, and E is moving point, and abc is three focus limits, and a ＇ b ＇ c ＇ is respectively corresponding this arc, and a " b " c " is respectively corresponding change arc.

Fig. 7 is two two focal circles that the loop wire length L is identical, the unequal figure of the first two focal spot sizes or quality trend ovum circle, another is the ellipse of bifocal when being zero, wherein A is that planar focus E is its moving point, A ＇ is that point-like focus E ＇ is its moving point, and B is public point-like focus.

Fig. 8 a is the figure of the physical dimension of two focuses or quality two burnt curves circles when unequal, and wherein the size of planar focus A is very big, and B is the point-like focus, and this shape is avette near one.Fig. 8 b is the physical dimension of two focuses or quality when equating, waits the figure of focal plane two burnt curves circles.

The three warmers curve circle that draws by focus curve instrument when Fig. 9 three focuses are equilateral triangle (isosceles triangle).

Figure 10,11, the three warmers curve circle that draws by focus curve instrument when 12 3 focuses are respectively isosceles triangle, right angled triangle, obtuse triangle.

Figure 13 is four focal curve circle diagram shapes, and A, B, C, D are respectively focus.

Figure 14 is five focal curve figures, and A, B, C, D, E are respectively focus.

Figure 15 is many focal curves of the present invention cutter, can be used for the curvilinear cut or the grinding of materials such as glass, timber, gypsum.

The method to set up of focus curve instrument of the present invention when being provided with the instrument of two position-limit foots, generally is to draw ellipse, hyperbola and parabola, and when position-limit foot had certain size, this instrument can be drawn the oval curve circle; And when being provided with three position-limit foots, this instrument is suitable for picture three warmers curve circle, and it is a kind of methods that flexible coil is put three position-limit foots on the spot, and second method is to be fixed on (line can slide) on the wire guide of drawing at the position-limit foot tip with flexible wires in the hole, flexible wires is spacing by position-limit foot, the circle around the time as the same.Use a paintbrush in addition, in the spacing figure of the limited pin tension force of flexible wires, draw.Draw the isometric folding and unfolding flexible wires of end energy of the position-limit foot of hyperbola instrument, the figure that paintbrush is limited when position-limit foot is emitted flexible wires is a hyperbola.

In the embodiment of apparatus of the present invention,

Fig. 1 is the structure chart of mobile jib, ellipsograph extension bar, sucker pin and bending stitch.Among the figure: 1 mobile jib, 2 position-limit foot general-purpose interfaces, 3 bending stitch, 4 sucker pin, 5 ellipsograph extension bars, 6 turnbuckles, 7 wire guides, 8 universal joints.

Fig. 2 is a hyperbolograph extension bar structure chart.Among the figure: 9 hyperbolograph joints, 10 vernier guide rails, 11 hyperbolic focus framves, 12 liang of line segment set screw, 13 winders, 14 line segments with holes, 15 length scales, 16 lead front-wheels, 17 lead tail wheels, 18 inside caliper cutting edges, 19 hyperbola left focus (also being the outside caliper cutting edge), 20 lead trailing wheels, 21 holding screws, 22 divining rod clamping screws, 23 hyperbola right focus (also being the outside caliper cutting edge)

Fig. 3 is a para-curve gauge extension bar structure chart.Among the figure: 24 para-curve gauge joints, 25 rail plates, 26 slip directrix framves, 27 parabola focus framves, 28 chutes, 29 focus frame telescopic chutes, 30 roll adjustment gears, 31 tightening knobs, 32 rubber bands are hung button, and 33 insert the stroke wire casing,

Fig. 4 is a three warmers curve gauge structure chart.Among the figure: 34 compasses, 35 three warmers curve compasses trace extension bars, 36 short circuit rod holders, 37 expansion links.

Fig. 5 is many structure charts with drawing pen, focal plane stitch.Among the figure: 38 rotating focal plane stitch round conductors wheel, 39 stitch extension bars, 40 drawing penholders, 41 removable oval nibs, 42 loop wire framves free to rotate, but the winder of 43 folding and unfolding flexible wires.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1,

Mobile jib 1 has two general-purpose interfaces 2, the position-limit foot general-purpose interface is to be used to peg graft various dissimilar pin, as single stitch, bending stitch 3, three stitch, sucker pin 4, focal plane stitch 38, can adapt to paper, plastics, unlike materials such as glass: the extension bar general-purpose interface is to be used to peg graft various dissimilar extension bars, for example: the compasses extension bar, the compasses extension bar, the ellipsograph extension bar, the hyperbolograph extension bar, para-curve gauge extension bar and three warmers curve compasses trace extension bar etc., can constitute compasses respectively, compasses, ellipsograph, hyperbolograph, para-curve gauge and three warmers curve gauge, and slide measure.

But the ellipsograph extension bar is made of the turnbuckle 6 of shaft 5 folding and unfolding flexible wires and the bending stitch of band wire guide 7.Turnbuckle 6 volumes have pliable and tough wire or the little flexible nylon line of retractility, and an end of line segment is fixed on the stitch.The bending stitch of turnbuckle and band wire guide is fixed on the shaft with screw respectively.

When drawing ellipse, unclamp the line segment of turnbuckle earlier, the flexible wires of passing wire guide is outwards pulled out, doubling-up is placed on two stitch outsides, two stitch of ellipsograph are inserted two focuses on the drawing respectively, rotate the knob of stirring of turnbuckle then, make line segment length equal oval bifocal distance and major axis sum, tighten the line segment needed ellipse that just can draw that rotates a circle with pencil.

In embodiment illustrated in fig. 2,

Hyperbolograph extension bar 9 is by vernier guide rail 10, hyperbolic focus frame 11 formations such as grade.Length scale 15 is arranged on the vernier guide rail 10, lead front-wheel 16, lead tail wheel 17, inside caliper cutting edge 18 and hyperbola left focus (also being the outside caliper cutting edge) 19, length scale 15 is arranged on the hyperbolic focus frame 11, lead trailing wheel 20, holding screw 21, divining rod clamping screw 22 and hyperbola right focus (also being the movable cutting edge of outside caliper) 23, focus frame 11 can slide front and back on vernier guide rail 10, to regulate the distance between the bifocal, winder 13 is fixed on the vernier guide rail 10, the flexible metal line of winder 13 or the little nylon wire of retractility, can pass through lead tail wheel 17 and lead front-wheel 16 and lead trailing wheel 20, draw for 23 liang from hyperbola left focus 19 and hyperbola right focus respectively, on the line segment between two focuses an aperture 14 is arranged, but move in the bow pen patchhole, two line segment set screw 12 can be regulated the line segment length that is connected to two focuses

When drawing hyperbola, unclamp the winder 13 that warp power or damping are arranged earlier, the distance that mobile hyperbolic focus frame 11 is determined between the bifocal, rotation holding screw 21 is fixed, rotate two line segment set screw 12 then, determine that hole on the metal wire is the distance between hyperbola aperture 14 and the bifocal, inserts bow pen again, tighten two ends line segment and mobile bow pen from two isometric line segments of pulling out in the winder of focus, required hyperbola just can draw.

When metal wire and aperture 14 thereof are taken out from two focuses 19 and 23, just can be used as the interior outside dimension of common calliper tolerance object, divining rod is clamped in the degree of depth that just can survey object on the focus frame with divining rod clamping screw 22.Determine two focuses when drawing ellipse earlier, make the line segment between bifocal equal major axis, needed ellipse just can draw.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 3,

Para-curve gauge extension bar 24 is made of rail plate 25, slip directrix frame 26 and parabola focus frame 27 etc.A straight chute 28 is arranged on the rail plate 25, guide rail middle part have one with the perpendicular focus frame telescopic chute 29 of chute direction, roll adjustment gear 30, tightening knob 31 and rubber band extension button 32 are arranged on it.Slip directrix frame 26 can slide in chute 28 straightly, there is the slotting stroke wire casing 33 vertical with guide rail chute 28 at slip directrix frame 26 two ends, tip of a pencil can move in groove, by the rotation roll adjustment gear 30 parabola focus frame 27 that can in focus frame telescopic chute 29, stretch, and fix by tightening knob 31 and rail plate 25, the front end of focus frame 27 has the focus pin, be connected with the line segment of a softness and inductility respectively with two tops of slip directrix frame 26, this line segment length equals to insert the length of stroke wire casing 33.

When drawing parabola, rotate roll adjustment gear 30 flexible parabola focus framves 27 earlier, determine the distance of focus to directrix (the ruler limit of rail plate 25), tighten tightening knob 31, pencil is inserted in the stroke wire casing 33, make nib in the line segment constraint, slide to the directrix direction along slotting stroke wire casing 33, needed parabola just can draw.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 4,

The three warmers curve compasses trace is made of compasses 34, three warmers curve compasses trace extension bar 35 and short circuit rod holder 36.Short circuit rod holder 36 can adjusted with fastening up and down with on three directions of length, and can be clamped on the mobile jib or a certain extension bar of compasses 34, its general-purpose interface can adjunction three warmers curve compasses trace extension bar 35, three warmers curve compasses trace extension bar 35 also can actively be connected on the pin of two pin rule, the shape that formation is stood like the legs of a tripod, screw short circuit rod holder 36 and expansion link 37, can make between three stitch of three warmers curve compasses trace and be maintained fixed distance.

When drawing three warmers curve bowlder, on drawing paper, determine the position of three focuses earlier, be positioned at three stitch of three warmers curve compasses trace on the focus exactly, unclamp turnbuckle, the flexible wires of passing wire guide is pulled out the outside that doubling-up is placed on three stitch, tightens up turnbuckle then, make line segment length equal moving point to the tetragonal length of side of three focuses with, tighten line segment with pencil and rotate a circle, needed three warmers curve circle just can draw.All can draw as avette, cobblestone shape.Four burnt curve compasses traces reach the structure of how burnt curve compasses trace and utilize this instrument to draw the method for how burnt curve circle fully with above-mentioned.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 5,

How to be constituted by general penholder 40 and two nibs that can exchange with drawing pen.One is common nib, the setting-out of can writing, and another is oval nib 41, a loop wire frame 42 that U-shaped is free to rotate is arranged on it, and upper and lower sleeve is connected on the nib, but the winder 43 of folding and unfolding flexible wires is housed on the loop wire frame, can pull out line segment, also can fastening line segment.

When drawing circular the time, earlier line segment is pulled out the length that doubles radius, insert annular line segments and be positioned circle centre position another pencil is most advanced and sophisticated, at this moment, with ellipse around the center of circle one week, needed circle can draw.

When drawing ellipse, earlier line segment is pulled out and equal the length that transverse adds the bifocal distance, annular line segments is inserted at two tips of compasses (or two pencils) simultaneously, and be limited in two oval focus places, at this moment, around one week of compasses, needed ellipse can draw with ellipse pen 41.

When drawing three warmers curve circle, earlier line segment is pulled out required length, annular line segments is inserted at three tips of triangular compass simultaneously, and be limited in three focus places of three warmers curve circle, at this moment, around one week of triangular compass, needed three warmers curve circle can draw with the ellipse pen.

Among Figure 15, many focal curves cutter is made of cutter body frame 44, focus support 45, lead sucker wheel 46 and flexible wires etc.Direction and length that can active arbitrarily flexible adjustment focus support on the cutter body frame, on the axle of focus support guide roller 47 and sucker pin 48 are housed, there is a spanner 49 top of sucker, when coming, the spanner pull-up just make sucker be in negative pressure state, thereby cutter is adsorbed on the workpiece securely, and flexible wires can be that nylon wire also can be metal or nylon chain.

Moving some paintbrush of the present invention also should comprise pin, can be at the diamant of portrayal on glass, other cutter, chalk etc.

Claims (10)

1. the method to set up of a focus curve instrument, it is characterized in that: be provided with the position-limit foot more than 1, other is provided with flexible wires spacing or constraint by position-limit foot, and is provided with a moving point (paintbrush) in addition, and moving point is drawn the formation movement locus in the position of the spacing flexible wires tensioning of limited pin.

2. by the method to set up of the described focus curve instrument of claim 1, it is characterized in that described position-limit foot is wire and plane position-limit foot.

A focus curve instrument device: on position-limit foot, be provided with the flexible coil winding apparatus, it is characterized in that: be provided with 1 above position-limit foot, other is provided with flexible wires spacing or constraint by position-limit foot, other is provided with a moving point (paintbrush), and moving point is drawn on the formed movement locus in position of the spacing flexible wires tensioning of limited pin.

4. by the device of the described focus curve instrument of claim 3, it is characterized in that flexible wires is to be provided with the flexible coil winding apparatus at position-limit foot upper limit or constraint, described flexible coil around area greater than the polygonal area that is formed by connecting by position-limit foot.

5. by the device of the described focus curve instrument of claim 3, it is characterized in that being provided with two position-limit foots, other is provided with flexible coil around two position-limit foots, or flexible wires is fixed on two position-limit foots, paintbrush is moved along flexible wires tension force tension direction, be ellipsograph.

6. by the device of the described focus curve instrument of claim 3, it is characterized in that a described position-limit foot is the point-like position-limit foot that stretches out, another position-limit foot is the wire position-limit foot, and can on the straight line chi, slide, this straightedge rule is perpendicular to the focus point-like position-limit foot that stretches out, and flexible wires one end is fixed on the focus position-limit foot, and the other end is fixed on the end of wire position-limit foot, detail pen mobile line drawing on the wire position-limit foot is para-curve gauge.

7. by the device of the described focus curve instrument of claim 3, it is characterized in that hyperbolograph is by two position-limit foots, the hyperbolic focus frame (11) of spacing two focuses, the vernier guide rail, lead front-wheel (16), lead tail wheel (17), winder formations such as (13), length scale (15) is arranged on the hyperbolic focus frame (11), lead trailing wheel (20), holding screw (21), the focus frame of distance between the slidable adjustment focus before and after vernier guide rail (10) is gone up, winder (13) is fixed on the vernier guide rail (10), the flexible wires of winder (13) is by lead tail wheel (17) and lead front-wheel (16) and lead trailing wheel (20), draw from hyperbola left focus (19) and hyperbola right focus (23) two respectively, on the line segment between two focuses an aperture (14) is arranged, this hole is that hyperbola is drawn spacing point.

8. by the device of the described focus curve instrument of claim 3, the structure that it is characterized in that three warmers curve circular curve rule is: have three position-limit foots, if one surrounds the flexible wires at three position-limit foot tips, line drawing on the curve of flexible wires tensioning, flexible wires is limited by two position-limit foots at least when line drawing.

9. by the device of the described focus curve instrument of claim 3, the nib that it is characterized in that described paintbrush is a U-shaped sheet metal, and upper and lower sleeve is connected on the nib, and the U-shaped sheet metal can freely rotate around nib, stringing mechanism is housed on the U-shaped sheet metal, can pulls out line segment and fastening line segment.

10. by the device of the described focus curve instrument of claim 3, it is characterized in that curve gauge is by formations such as cutter body frame (44), focus support (45), lead sucker wheel (46) and flexible wires, direction and length that can active flexible adjustment focus support on the cutter body frame be equipped with guide roller (47) and sucker pin (48) on the axle of focus support.

Images