CN107006317A - 一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法 - Google Patents

一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法 Download PDF

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CN107006317A
CN107006317A CN201710111099.6A CN201710111099A CN107006317A CN 107006317 A CN107006317 A CN 107006317A CN 201710111099 A CN201710111099 A CN 201710111099A CN 107006317 A CN107006317 A CN 107006317A
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Abstract

本发明属于水果种植技术领域,尤其是一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,具体方法如下:(1)苗木的选择及浸根处理;(2)种植地土壤的施基肥处理及苗木栽种;(3)苗木栽种后的田间管理;在苗木栽种前,进行浸根处理,不但有效杀灭其根部携带的各种病菌,抑制根部病菌的滋生,而且能有效抑制栽植后根癌病的发生,促进苗木的健壮生长;栽种前施入基肥,不但有效培肥土壤,促进苗木根茎粗壮生长,叶片繁茂生长,增强其抗旱抗病能力,而且杀灭土壤中残留的病菌和微生物,降低病害的发生;每年定期喷施营养液,不但有效抑制水蜜桃受炭疽病病菌和褐腐病病菌的侵害,而且有效提高坐花量和坐花品质,提高坐果量和坐果品质,增加水蜜桃的甜度。

Description

一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法
技术领域
本发明属于水果种植技术领域,尤其是一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法。
背景技术
水蜜桃属于球形可食用水果类,肉甜汁多,有美肤、清胃、润肺、祛痰等功能,它的蛋白质的含量比苹果、葡萄高一倍,比梨子多七倍;铁的含量比苹果多三倍,比梨子多五倍,素有“果中皇后”的美誉;富含多种维生素,其中维生素C最高,所以水蜜桃受到消费者的广泛喜爱,其销售量往往供不应求;但是,在水蜜桃的种植过程中,栽种前苗木根部处理不当和基肥使用不当,极易造成栽种后病菌的滋生,使得苗木生长能力减弱,使得抗病能力极弱,果实极易发生炭疽病病害和褐腐病病害;因此,发明一种能有效解决以上问题的水蜜桃的种植方法是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)苗木的选择及浸根处理
选择生长健壮、根系发达、无病虫害的优质水蜜桃苗木,将根部用温度为37~38℃的温水冲洗干净,将根部浸没于杀菌液中浸泡34~36min,取出,用塑料袋包裹根部,置于温度为27~28℃、光照强度为7700~7800Lx的条件下放置9~10h,得预处理苗木;
所述的杀菌液,由以下重量份的原料制成:五倍子7.4~7.6份、没药5.6~5.8份、毛果芸香碱0.12~0.14份、曲克芦丁0.19~0.21份、水430~440份;
(2)种植地土壤的施基肥处理及苗木栽种
选择排水良好、土层深厚的沙壤土,每亩施入基肥2700~2800kg,深翻33~35cm,作畦,6~7天后,将预处理苗木栽植于种植地,亩栽550~560株,栽植后立即浇透水;
所述的基肥,由以下重量份的原料制成:腐熟羊粪360~370份、腐熟猪粪1800~1900份、首乌藤粉末11~12份、藁本粉末13~14份、甲芬那酸5.3~5.7份;
(3)苗木栽种后的田间管理
将水蜜桃苗木培养整形修剪为Y形,主干的高度为95~100cm,两侧枝的高度均为110~115cm、每个侧枝与相邻侧枝之间的距离为12~14cm、每个侧枝上均保留7~8个果枝;每年从开花前期开始喷施营养液、之后每隔11~12天喷施一次,直至采果结束;
所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:偏磷酸铵2.4~2.6份、乙甲哌酮钠0.07~0.08份、灯心草提取物0.13~0.15份、白薇提取物0.32~0.34份、维生素C0.23~0.25份、余量为溶剂。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(1)所述的杀菌液,按以下步骤进行制备:将五倍子和没药混合粉碎至90~100目,加水大火煮沸,文火熬煮54~56min,过270~280目滤布,室温冷却至51~53℃,加入毛果芸香碱和曲克芦丁混合搅拌均匀,室温自然冷却,得杀菌液。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的营养液的质量分数为0.22%~0.24%,每次的喷施量为135~140mL/株。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供的一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,在苗木栽种前,使用本发明的杀菌液进行浸根处理,不但有效杀灭其根部携带的各种病菌,抑制根部病菌的滋生,而且能有效抑制栽植后根癌病的发生,促进苗木的健壮生长;栽种前施入本发明的基肥,不但有效培肥土壤,促进苗木根茎粗壮生长,叶片繁茂生长,增强其抗旱抗病能力,而且杀灭土壤中残留的病菌和微生物,降低病害的发生;每年定期喷施本发明的营养液,不但有效抑制水蜜桃受炭疽病病菌和褐腐病病菌的侵害,而且有效提高坐花量和坐花品质,提高坐果量和坐果品质,增加水蜜桃的甜度。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例说明本发明,但并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
本发明实施例中,一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)苗木的选择及浸根处理
选择生长健壮、根系发达、无病虫害的优质水蜜桃苗木,将根部用温度为37~38℃的温水冲洗干净,将根部浸没于杀菌液中浸泡34~36min,取出,用塑料袋包裹根部,置于温度为27~28℃、光照强度为7700~7800Lx的条件下放置9~10h,得预处理苗木;
所述的杀菌液,由以下重量份的原料制成:五倍子7.4份、没药5.6份、毛果芸香碱0.12份、曲克芦丁0.19份、水430份;
(2)种植地土壤的施基肥处理及苗木栽种
选择排水良好、土层深厚的沙壤土,每亩施入基肥2700kg,深翻33~35cm,作畦,6~7天后,将预处理苗木栽植于种植地,亩栽550~560株,栽植后立即浇透水;
所述的基肥,由以下重量份的原料制成:腐熟羊粪360份、腐熟猪粪1800份、首乌藤粉末11份、藁本粉末13份、甲芬那酸5.3份;
(3)苗木栽种后的田间管理
将水蜜桃苗木培养整形修剪为Y形,主干的高度为95~100cm,两侧枝的高度均为110~115cm、每个侧枝与相邻侧枝之间的距离为12~14cm、每个侧枝上均保留7~8个果枝;每年从开花前期开始喷施营养液、之后每隔11~12天喷施一次,直至采果结束;
所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:偏磷酸铵2.4份、乙甲哌酮钠0.07份、灯心草提取物0.13份、白薇提取物0.32份、维生素C0.23份、余量为溶剂。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(1)所述的杀菌液,按以下步骤进行制备:将五倍子和没药混合粉碎至90目,加水大火煮沸,文火熬煮54min,过270目滤布,室温冷却至51℃,加入毛果芸香碱和曲克芦丁混合搅拌均匀,室温自然冷却,得杀菌液。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的营养液的质量分数为0.22%,每次的喷施量为135mL/株。
实施例2
本发明实施例中,一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)苗木的选择及浸根处理
选择生长健壮、根系发达、无病虫害的优质水蜜桃苗木,将根部用温度为37~38℃的温水冲洗干净,将根部浸没于杀菌液中浸泡34~36min,取出,用塑料袋包裹根部,置于温度为27~28℃、光照强度为7700~7800Lx的条件下放置9~10h,得预处理苗木;
所述的杀菌液,由以下重量份的原料制成:五倍子7.5份、没药5.7份、毛果芸香碱0.13份、曲克芦丁0.2份、水435份;
(2)种植地土壤的施基肥处理及苗木栽种
选择排水良好、土层深厚的沙壤土,每亩施入基肥2750kg,深翻33~35cm,作畦,6~7天后,将预处理苗木栽植于种植地,亩栽550~560株,栽植后立即浇透水;
所述的基肥,由以下重量份的原料制成:腐熟羊粪365份、腐熟猪粪1850份、首乌藤粉末11.5份、藁本粉末13.5份、甲芬那酸5.5份;
(3)苗木栽种后的田间管理
将水蜜桃苗木培养整形修剪为Y形,主干的高度为95~100cm,两侧枝的高度均为110~115cm、每个侧枝与相邻侧枝之间的距离为12~14cm、每个侧枝上均保留7~8个果枝;每年从开花前期开始喷施营养液、之后每隔11~12天喷施一次,直至采果结束;
所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:偏磷酸铵2.5份、乙甲哌酮钠0.075份、灯心草提取物0.14份、白薇提取物0.33份、维生素C0.24份、余量为溶剂。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(1)所述的杀菌液,按以下步骤进行制备:将五倍子和没药混合粉碎至95目,加水大火煮沸,文火熬煮55min,过275目滤布,室温冷却至52℃,加入毛果芸香碱和曲克芦丁混合搅拌均匀,室温自然冷却,得杀菌液。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的营养液的质量分数为0.23%,每次的喷施量为138mL/株。
实施例3
本发明实施例中,一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,具体方法如下:
(1)苗木的选择及浸根处理
选择生长健壮、根系发达、无病虫害的优质水蜜桃苗木,将根部用温度为37~38℃的温水冲洗干净,将根部浸没于杀菌液中浸泡34~36min,取出,用塑料袋包裹根部,置于温度为27~28℃、光照强度为7700~7800Lx的条件下放置9~10h,得预处理苗木;
所述的杀菌液,由以下重量份的原料制成:五倍子7.6份、没药5.8份、毛果芸香碱0.14份、曲克芦丁0.21份、水440份;
(2)种植地土壤的施基肥处理及苗木栽种
选择排水良好、土层深厚的沙壤土,每亩施入基肥2800kg,深翻33~35cm,作畦,6~7天后,将预处理苗木栽植于种植地,亩栽550~560株,栽植后立即浇透水;
所述的基肥,由以下重量份的原料制成:腐熟羊粪370份、腐熟猪粪1900份、首乌藤粉末12份、藁本粉末14份、甲芬那酸5.7份;
(3)苗木栽种后的田间管理
将水蜜桃苗木培养整形修剪为Y形,主干的高度为95~100cm,两侧枝的高度均为110~115cm、每个侧枝与相邻侧枝之间的距离为12~14cm、每个侧枝上均保留7~8个果枝;每年从开花前期开始喷施营养液、之后每隔11~12天喷施一次,直至采果结束;
所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:偏磷酸铵2.6份、乙甲哌酮钠0.08份、灯心草提取物0.15份、白薇提取物0.34份、维生素C0.25份、余量为溶剂。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(1)所述的杀菌液,按以下步骤进行制备:将五倍子和没药混合粉碎至100目,加水大火煮沸,文火熬煮56min,过280目滤布,室温冷却至53℃,加入毛果芸香碱和曲克芦丁混合搅拌均匀,室温自然冷却,得杀菌液。
作为发明进一步的方案:步骤(3)所述的营养液的质量分数为0.24%,每次的喷施量为140mL/株。
对比例1
现有技术的水蜜桃种植方法
对比例2
一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,与实施例1的区别在于杀菌液的组分不同,所述的杀菌液,由以下重量份的原料制成:五倍子7.4份、没药5.6份、曲克芦丁0.19份、水430份。
对比例3
一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,与实施例1的区别在于基肥的组分不同,所述的基肥,由以下重量份的原料制成:腐熟羊粪365份、腐熟猪粪1850份、首乌藤粉末11.5份、藁本粉末13.5份。
对比例4
一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,与实施例1的区别在于营养液的组分不同,所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:偏磷酸铵2.4份、乙甲哌酮钠0.07份、灯心草提取物0.13份、余量为溶剂。
使用本实施例的种植方法与对比例的种植方法对“京红”水蜜桃进行种植实验,种植35亩,分为7组,平均每组5亩,统计水蜜桃炭疽病病害率、褐腐病病害率、平均单果重和平均亩产量,实验对比结果如下表:
表1 实施例和对比例的对比结果
炭疽病病害率(%) 褐腐病病害率(%) 平均单果重(g) 平均亩产量(kg) 增产率(%)
实施例1 0.31 0.34 285.4 8244.7 27.69
实施例2 0.29 0.33 285.9 8253.8 27.83
实施例3 0.26 0.31 286.8 8269.3 28.07
对比例1 8.57 7.98 237.6 6456.8 ——
对比例2 3.72 3.96 267.9 7515.9 16.40
对比例3 3.41 3.21 263.8 7479.8 15.84
对比例4 5.32 4.87 271.3 7543.6 16.83
从表1可以看出,本发明的种植方法能有效降低水蜜桃炭疽病病害率和褐腐病病害率,提高平均单果重和平均亩产量。

Claims (3)

1.一种防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,其特征在于,具体方法如下:
(1)苗木的选择及浸根处理
选择生长健壮、根系发达、无病虫害的优质水蜜桃苗木,将根部用温度为37~38℃的温水冲洗干净,将根部浸没于杀菌液中浸泡34~36min,取出,用塑料袋包裹根部,置于温度为27~28℃、光照强度为7700~7800Lx的条件下放置9~10h,得预处理苗木;
所述的杀菌液,由以下重量份的原料制成:五倍子7.4~7.6份、没药5.6~5.8份、毛果芸香碱0.12~0.14份、曲克芦丁0.19~0.21份、水430~440份;
(2)种植地土壤的施基肥处理及苗木栽种
选择排水良好、土层深厚的沙壤土,每亩施入基肥2700~2800kg,深翻33~35cm,作畦,6~7天后,将预处理苗木栽植于种植地,亩栽550~560株,栽植后立即浇透水;
所述的基肥,由以下重量份的原料制成:腐熟羊粪360~370份、腐熟猪粪1800~1900份、首乌藤粉末11~12份、藁本粉末13~14份、甲芬那酸5.3~5.7份;
(3)苗木栽种后的田间管理
将水蜜桃苗木培养整形修剪为Y形,主干的高度为95~100cm,两侧枝的高度均为110~115cm、每个侧枝与相邻侧枝之间的距离为12~14cm、每个侧枝上均保留7~8个果枝;每年从开花前期开始喷施营养液、之后每隔11~12天喷施一次,直至采果结束;
所述的营养液,由以下重量份的原料制成:偏磷酸铵2.4~2.6份、乙甲哌酮钠0.07~0.08份、灯心草提取物0.13~0.15份、白薇提取物0.32~0.34份、维生素C0.23~0.25份、余量为溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的杀菌液,按以下步骤进行制备:将五倍子和没药混合粉碎至90~100目,加水大火煮沸,文火熬煮54~56min,过270~280目滤布,室温冷却至51~53℃,加入毛果芸香碱和曲克芦丁混合搅拌均匀,室温自然冷却,得杀菌液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治水蜜桃病害的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的营养液的质量分数为0.22%~0.24%,每次的喷施量为135~140mL/株。
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