CN107000151B - The method of measuring device and the operating parameter of selection tool for chip removing machining - Google Patents
The method of measuring device and the operating parameter of selection tool for chip removing machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN107000151B CN107000151B CN201580066790.6A CN201580066790A CN107000151B CN 107000151 B CN107000151 B CN 107000151B CN 201580066790 A CN201580066790 A CN 201580066790A CN 107000151 B CN107000151 B CN 107000151B
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- accelerometer
- measuring device
- pedestal
- lathe
- end surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
- B23Q17/0971—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring mechanical vibrations of parts of the machine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0904—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool before or after machining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/12—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring vibration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H13/00—Measuring resonant frequency
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/18—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration in two or more dimensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
- G05B19/4065—Monitoring tool breakage, life or condition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q2717/00—Arrangements for indicating or measuring
- B23Q2717/006—Arrangements for indicating or measuring in milling machines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring devices for anti-dandruff lathe, and the method for obtaining the frequency response function of tool for chip removing machining, obtaining the stability diagram of tool for chip removing machining and selecting the operating parameter of tool for chip removing machining.Described device (1) has front end (10) and rear end (11).Central axis (x) extends between the front end and the rear end.Described device includes the joint portion (2) in the rear end, the measurement portion (5) of distal end to engage lathe, and in the front end, at the joint portion, the measurement portion not belt blade head.The measurement portion includes the front-end surface (6) perpendicular to the plane of the central axis.The front-end surface includes for interface (8) receiving mechanical excitation, being aligned with the central axis.The front-end surface further include multiple pedestals (9,9', 9 ", 9 " '), each of which for receiving an accelerometer, the accelerometer be used to measure received mechanical excitation response.Each pedestal includes three contact surfaces for the accelerometer, so that the accelerometer is spatially in three dimensions and around the positioning of three rotation axis and orientation about the interface when in the pedestal that accelerometer is accepted in the multiple pedestal and against three contact surfaces.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the frequencies of a kind of measuring device for chip forming and cutting lathe and acquisition tool for chip removing machining
The method of receptance function, the stability diagram for obtaining tool for chip removing machining and the operating parameter for selecting tool for chip removing machining.
Background technique
Strong competition in manufacturing already leads to the constant search operated to high-efficient cutting, to reduce cost.It is higher
Productivity needs processing and lower circulation time faster.In order to meet these requirements, it may be desirable to which technological parameter is such as cut
Speed, feed velocity and cutting depth reach next level.Since technological parameter improves, thus consequent be cutting force with
And the increase of the temperature of cutting region.The increase of technological temperature and cutting force accelerates tool wear, and may workpiece be turned round
It is bent.Increased cutting force is but also processing technology is more easily regenerated into vibration.This phenomenon is referred to as flutter.
Flutter vibration influences the quality on workpiece to be machined surface, it is damaged may to make cutting tool, and in extreme circumstances,
It may cause machine tool damage.Flutter vibration can occur in all metal cuttings, and be in intermetallic composite coating
A most common productivity limiting factor.One of flutter due to the depth of cut variation during cutting the reason is that caused
Dynamic force feedback.Depth of cut variation may originate from continuously cutting twice between the vibration mark note that is left on finished surface
Phase shift.Therefore, this phase shift is likely to be dependent on machine tool/cutting insert assembly kinetic characteristics.It spindle speed n and cuts
The quantity z for cutting tooth has determined the cycle time between cutting.Since the speed of mainshaft is the technological parameter that will be selected by operator, institute
The parameter can be selected, so that vibration mark note and the current same phase of cutting from preceding cutting at one time.If between cutting
Vibration mark remembers same phase, then at least considerably reduced force feedback, therefore also quite large reduces regenerative vibration.
To enable the dynamic behaviour of prediction cutting tool, can draw stability leaf figure.This is shown in FIG. 6
One example of kind figure.It should be by hereafter reading the figure.If (revolving speed n) is combined under line spindle speed with cutting depth (d)
Side, then Cutting Process should be stable.On the other hand, if cutting parameter combination is located above line, technique may be unstable
Fixed.
Regardless of the method selected to predict the boundary of stability of Cutting Process, it is advantageous that known in installation
Frequency response function (FRF) at the cutter head of cutting tool in machine tool.The prior art passes through the multiple machines of physical testing
Bed cutter/cutting tool combines and obtains the FRF for being in cutter head.The shortcomings that this method, is not only in that needs are obtained for all
The FRF of the cutting tool of concern, because dynamic characteristic changes with the variation of the geometrical properties of different cutting tools, and
And machine tool is also needed still to shut down during measurement.This causes the production time of sizable preciousness to be lost.
On the other hand, due to the mechanical complexity of holonomic system, it may be difficult to structure (the i.e. machine tool of complete machine tool
The combined system of tool and the cutting tool of installation) modelling.Therefore, problem is the dynamic simplified for complete machine tool system
The prediction of behavior.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide the survey of the dynamic response of the minor structure for the cutting tool being mounted in lathe
Amount.Further object is to provide a kind of measuring device, can be used to provide for the survey that will be combined with the model of various cutter heads
Amount, in a cost efficient manner, dynamic row to be predicted in the form of the stability diagram of the various cutting tools in stock-removing machine
For.Target, which is lain also in, to be provided to the accurate of the dynamic response of cutter minor structure and repeatable measurement.
Therefore, the present invention relates to a kind of measuring device for anti-dandruff lathe, which has front-end and back-end.Central axis
Line extends between front-end and back-end.The device includes joint portion and measurement portion, and the joint portion is in rear end, to connect with lathe
It closes, the measurement portion is in front end, positioned at the distal end at the joint portion, the measurement portion not belt blade head.Measurement portion include perpendicular to
The front-end surface of the plane of central axis.Front-end surface includes the interface for receiving mechanical excitation.Interface and central axis
Line alignment.Front-end surface further includes multiple pedestals, and each pedestal in the multiple pedestal is used to receive an accelerometer, often
A accelerometer be all used to measure received mechanical excitation response.Each pedestal includes three contact tables for accelerometer
Face so that when accelerometer is accepted in one of pedestal and when against three contact surfaces, accelerometer spatially with
Three dimensional constitution and around about interface three rotation axis positioning and orientation.
The cutting tool for being commonly used for being installed in anti-dandruff lathe includes ontology, and ontology has rear connection part, middle part
And the front of the cutter head form extended from middle part.Cutter head is the part that cutter works in cutting operation, and can
Including cutting edge, chip pocket, cutting tip, tool apron and blade holding/clamping component.In general, in many cuttings for lathe
In cutter, cutting tool is only different from each other in the design of cutter head.The matrix of measuring device according to the present invention can be considered as
Corresponding to the unit being made of the rear connection part and middle part of cutting tool.In other words, the not cutting tool of belt blade head, Huo Zheji
The common portion of multiple cutting tools under a certain range in bed).As an example, Fig. 5 (a) shows rotatable milling cutter form
Cutting tool, and Fig. 5 (b) shows the cutter head (II) being mounted in lathe (I) and measuring device.
Due to accelerometer relative to each other and relative to the position of interface clearly limited and orientation, so measuring device
Construction allow cutter minor structure (i.e. by having the minor structure that forms of lathe of the measuring device of connection) dynamic response essence
True and repeatable measurement.In addition to this, promote accelerometer relative to each other and to relative to mechanical excitation direction installation and
Alignment.The measurement that the dynamic response of cutter minor structure can be used predicts stock-removing machine together with the modeled data of various cutter heads
In various cutting tools vibration performance.In these calculating, there is the lathe of the measuring device of connection can be considered as the
One minor structure, and each cutter head is considered as the second minor structure.
The front-end surface of the plane of apparatus of the present invention promotes the coupling of the frequency response function of minor structure.Interface is as follows
Point, it may be assumed that wherein calculate correspond to installation cutting tool lathe composite structure frequency response function when, quilt
The minor structure for being defined as cutter head can be attached to the minor structure for the measuring device being defined as together with stock-removing machine.
Due to three contact surfaces, so clearly defining position and the orientation of each accelerometer.It is thus known that accelerometer
Relative to each other and position and orientation relative to interface.
A contact surface in three contact surfaces can be the axially contact surface extended perpendicular to central axis.Cause
This, axial support surface can limit the position of accelerometer in the axial direction.When accelerometer be placed in recess portion and against
When in axial support surface, accelerometer will be by the direction relative to central axis and also relative to the excitation side at interface
To correctly supporting.Central axis defines the direction x of cartesian coordinate system.Before the y and z-axis line of this coordinate system are limited at
In the plane of end surfaces.
A contact surface in three contact surfaces can be to radially contact with surface, therefore from circumference towards central axis
Support is provided on the direction of line.Each pedestal radially contacts with surface and can be positioned in away from the identical distance of interface.
Therefore, accelerometer can be distributed around interface, and be positioned in the identical radial distance away from interface, to simplify and change
Into the measurement and calculating about dynamic response.Therefore, accelerometer, which also can be arranged, obtains as far as possible close to interface, permits simultaneously
The mechanical excitation of Xu Lianjiedianchu or the device close to interface.
A contact surface in three contact surfaces can be tangential contact surface.Therefore, accelerometer, which can have, cuts
It is defined to position, to limit each accelerometer around the position of interface.Tangential direction is defined as perpendicular to radial direction, it may be assumed that
In the circumferential direction around central axis.Radially contact with surface can be arranged in positive y perhaps negative y-direction or positive z or
Person's negative z direction, either perhaps the direction z is angled for example relative to the direction y or the direction z at 30,45,60 degree with the direction y
Normal vector.
Measuring device can have four pedestals, four accelerometers are received and positioned around interface.Therefore, accelerometer can
It to be arranged in the pairs on opposing sides of interface, therefore is aligned two-by-two in 2 orthogonal directions, so as to measure connection
Translational motion and rotary motion at point.Pedestal can be arranged so, it may be assumed that allow accelerometer in the same direction, or in couples
Collinearly.Therefore, can with a pair of of accelerometer be aligned axis consistently and be orthogonal to another pair accelerometer with being aligned axis
Generate excitation.Therefore, it reduces and violates the risk of passivity criterion (T.McKelvey and S.O.R.Moheimani's " is applied to tool
There is the evaluation of the phase restriction multi input multi input transmission function of mixing juxtaposition and non-juxtaposed actuator and sensor "
(“Estimation of phase constrained mimo transfer functions with application to
flexible structures with mixed collocated and non-collocated actuators and
Sensors "), world convention, volume 2005,16, page 36).
As alternative, measuring device can have three pedestals for three accelerometers to be received and positioned around interface,
And as further alternative, measuring device can have two bottoms for two accelerometers to be received and positioned around interface
Seat.Preferably, two pedestals are disposed on the opposite side of interface.
Pedestal can be arranged in rotational symmetry around interface.Therefore, the calculating of frequency response function is promoted.Symmetrically
It is advantageous, is obtained as far as possible because pedestal can be positioned so that close to interface.It, symmetrically can be with depending on the number of pedestal
It is for example, dual, triple or quadruple.For two-fold rotational symmetry, two pedestals are in place each other in 180 degree and right
In three fold rotational symmetry, three pedestals are in place each other in 120 degree.For four fold rotational symmetry, four pedestals are 90 degrees to each other just
Position.In four fold symmetry, the accelerometer being received in pedestal is arranged in pairs in the phase of interface in 2 orthogonal directions
On opposite side, so as to measure the translational motion and rotary motion at interface.
Pedestal can be formed as the recess portion in front-end surface.Therefore, the accelerometer being received in pedestal can be by least portion
Divide in the front-end surface of ground insertion measurement portion.The other quality of accelerometer can be mended at least partially through material is removed from recess portion
It repays.Therefore, measuring device and the similitude of the not practical cutter of belt blade head will improve, this will improve measurement to dynamic response.
Similarly, accelerometer may be oriented such that the actual measurement phase of accelerometer can be close to the plane of front-end surface, to change
Into measurement precision.In addition, pedestal can be formed in front-end surface by plain mode.As alternative, pedestal can pass through
From the outstanding formation of front-end surface, to form three contact surfaces.Support surface is arranged and is located corresponding to accelerometer
Shape.
Each pedestal can be formed as the recess portion of basic cuboid, to receive the accelerometer with rectangular shape.Cause
This, can simplify the installation of accelerometer, and can be minimized the removal of the material in measurement portion, to reduce any shadow to measurement
It rings.Also it is contemplated that other shapes of recess portion, such as recess portion with ellipse or polygonal crosssection.Recess portion, which has, to be corresponded to
The shape of the shape of accelerometer.In general, the side of the rectangular cross section of the cuboid recess portion in the plane of front-end surface can be in 10-
Within the scope of 15mm, it is therefore preferable to about 12mm, and the depth of its center dant may be about 0.5-3mm.
Each pedestal can be a part of single, public recess portion, or in other words, each recess portion can be by recessed
Portion is connected to adjacent pedestal, thus simplify process and provide it is straight radially contact with surface, may be not present from adding to recess portion
The re-entrant angle of work, to improve the location accuracy of accelerometer.
In having the embodiment for four recess portions of four accelerometers, this single, public recess portion be can have
The form of cross, wherein square materials piece stays at central axis.Interface can be disposed on the center of square.?
In these embodiments, the square surface radially faced outwards forms radial support surface in corresponding pedestal.
Measuring device can be configured with rotation axis, to engage with the rotatable shaft of lathe, and wherein work as dress
It sets when being engaged with main shaft, the central axis of device is conllinear with rotation axis.Therefore, front-end surface can perpendicular to rotation axis,
And nature can be formed between the first minor structure and the second minor structure during the dynamic performance model to cutting tool
Interface.
Joint portion may include the tapered male form connection part of rear end surface and the polygonal crosssection with sphering, the sun
Type connection part protrudes backward from rear end surface, and wherein rear end surface is radially in except male form connection part, and forms contact
Surface.Therefore, it can simplify and use such as SandvikConnector realizes peace of the measuring device in lathe
Dress.Therefore, the measuring device in lathe is almost identical as the cutting tool installed in lathe, but not belt blade head.It can replace
Selection of land uses other connectors, such as HSK and 7/24ISO tapered standard coupler.
Measurement portion can have the cylindrical envelope surface for the front-end surface for being connected to the plane in front end, wherein being used for
The drive surface for coupling two planes of mechanical driving source is formed in envelope surface, the mechanical excitation source and corresponding excitation table
Face is orthogonal.The drive surface of two planes is perpendicular to one another, and perpendicular to front-end surface, their normal axis and central axis
Intersect.Therefore, two drive surfaces ensure together with interface can apply excitation in three directions, these three directions are each other
Vertically, it and direction or is aligned with central axis.Two drive surfaces can be arranged with the normal direction on y, the direction z to
Amount, to receive along y, the mechanical excitation in the direction z.
Engagement claw slot for cutter changing can be formed in envelope surface, to simplify the attaching/detaching of measuring device.
Measuring device may include an accelerometer being received in each pedestal.Accelerometer can be that can measure each other
The triaxial accelerometer of acceleration on three vertical axis.Alternatively, one or more triaxial accelerometer can be by
Such as multiple axis accelerometers or two axis accelerometers replace.
Accelerometer can have rectangular shape, which has bottom surface and forward face, wherein each pedestal
Be formed as the recess portion in front-end surface, wherein a contact surface in three contact surfaces of each pedestal is perpendicular to center
The axially contact surface that axis extends, wherein another contact surface in the three of pedestal contact surface is in
Support is provided on the direction of mandrel line radially contacts with surface, and the wherein axially contact surface of bottom surface contact pedestal,
And wherein at least part contact pedestal of forward face radially contacts with surface.As long as the direction of accelerometer can be determined,
Just it is contemplated that other shapes of accelerometer, such as accelerometer with ellipse or polygon cross-sectional shape.Then, bottom
The support surface of seat will have the shape for corresponding to accelerometer of different shapes and position.
Each pedestal may include the second radial surface being radially in except accelerometer, wherein in accelerometer and second
Gap is formed between radial surface.Therefore, it can simplify the installation of accelerometer, and can be by will be in accelerometer inserted base
And it is pushed and is realized the positioning of accelerometer towards the radial surface for providing support on the direction towards central axis.It can
As an alternative, pedestal can be opened wide towards outer radial direction.
Accelerometer can have height, and each recess portion may have the depth of the height much smaller than accelerometer, make
The major part for obtaining accelerometer extends out from front-end surface.Therefore, the installation of accelerometer can be accurately, and at the same time, add
Speed meter extends from front surface, it is sufficient to allow to connect the cable for measurement.Alternatively, accelerometer can be embedded into front-end surface with
And cable can be attached perpendicular to front-end surface.
Accelerometer can be attached to pedestal by adhesive.Alternatively, accelerometer can be by mechanical fasteners, such as pass through spiral shell
Nail is fastened by press-fit or by magnet.
The invention further relates to a kind of methods of the frequency response function of the tool for chip removing machining in acquisition lathe, comprising:
Limiting two minor structures, the first minor structure is by having the lathe of the cutter of installation to form, cutter not belt blade head, and
Second minor structure is made of the cutter head of cutter,
Measuring device as disclosed herein is installed, and the measuring device corresponds to the cutter of the not belt blade head in lathe,
One accelerometer is installed in each pan,
Measuring device is motivated with mechanical energy,
By the response of accelerometer measurement excitation, and the measurement being mounted in lathe is calculated from measured exciter response
The frequency response function of device,
The frequency response function of first minor structure is related to the frequency response function for the measuring device being mounted in lathe
Connection,
The frequency response function of (or measurement) the second minor structure is calculated, and
The frequency response function of the first minor structure and the second minor structure is coupled, includes the first minor structure and the second son to obtain
The frequency response function of the assembly system of structure.
Therefore, the frequency response function for the multiple cutting tools being mounted in lathe can be obtained by efficient way, and
Each cutting tool of each lathe is not needed to measure.It, can be by measuring the measuring device when being installed in lathe
Respond and obtain frequency response function, thus obtain lathe and cutter until limiting the first minor structure and the second minor structure
The frequency response function of front-end surface between interface.For example, finite element method (FEM) and frequency response function can be passed through
Combination calculates the second minor structure, i.e., the frequency response function of the various cutter heads of multiple cutting tools is mounted in lathe with obtaining
Every kind of cutting tool frequency response function.
May include with mechanical energy excitation measuring device successively should with mechanical energy excitation on three directions perpendicular to one another
Device.Therefore, it can be employed as the input in frequency response function measurement in the mechanical excitation in each this vertical direction.
Alternatively, with mechanical energy excitation measuring device may include on three directions perpendicular to one another it is same with mechanical energy
When motivate the device.This have the advantage that systems to change between subsequent incentive step.
Can by provide the actuator (vibrator actuator (shaker actuator)) of vibration or provide it is a kind of or
The actuator (such as pulse hammer) of person's more multiple-pulse executes excitation.
The excitation orientation of device is preferably the both direction in axial direction and plane in front-end surface, and two
Each direction in direction is aligned with the alignment direction of a pair of of accelerometer.Therefore, the passivity criterion of dynamical system is violated
Risk reduces.
This method may include the stability diagram for obtaining the tool for chip removing machining in lathe, comprising: obtain the knife in lathe
The combined frequency response function of tool, and the stability diagram based on combined frequency response function calculating composite structure.Therefore,
The stability criterion of multiple cutting tools in lathe can be obtained, which may be used to determine whether the stabilization of processing
Operating parameter.
This method may include selecting the stable operation parameter of the tool for chip removing machining in lathe, comprising: obtain in lathe
Tool for chip removing machining stability diagram, and selection falls into operating parameter in stability diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe various embodiments of the present invention in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows according to first embodiment in the measuring device for being differently directed (a)-(d).
Fig. 2 shows the measurements and reference frame of translation and rotation response.
Fig. 3 shows measuring device according to another embodiment.
Fig. 4 shows measuring device according to further embodiments.
Fig. 5 shows the minor structure of cutting tool.
Fig. 6 shows the example of the stability diagram of cutting tool.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 (a) shows the perspective view of the measuring device 1 for anti-dandruff lathe from front, and Fig. 1 (b) is shown from dress
The corresponding view for the rear portion observation set, and the side view of device is shown in Fig. 1 (c).Device includes having 10 He of front end
The ontology of rear end 11, and central axis x extends between these sides.Device includes the joint portion 2 in rear end, with jointing machine
The rotatable shaft of bed, wherein rotation axis corresponds to central axis x when being installed in lathe.
In the distal end at joint portion, at the front end of device, measuring device includes having the measurement portion of the front-end surface 6 of plane
5.Front-end surface is perpendicular to x-axis.Measurement portion is substantially cylindrical, and has the front-end surface for the plane being connected at front end
Cylindrical envelope surface.Envelope surface is provided with engagement claw slot 7, with disassembly and more changing device.
At the front-end surface center of plane, interface 8 is limited at rotation axis.Exist at the connection point for being attached machine
The threaded hole of tool exciting bank (vibrator actuator), for along x-axis mechanical excitation measuring device.
Around interface 8, formed in front-end surface 6 four pedestals 9,9', 9 ", 9 " ', four pedestals 9,9', 9 ",
9 " ' in each pedestal be used to receive an accelerometer.These pedestals are arranged around interface with 90 degree of intervals in rotational symmetry.
Each pedestal is formed and processing recess portion in front-end surface, and including three contact surfaces for accelerometer.
Accelerometer has the rectangular shape that can be accepted in the recess portion to form pedestal.When accelerometer is accepted in a pedestal
And when against three contact surfaces, accelerometer is spatially in three dimensions and around three rotation axis about interface
Positioning and orientation.A contact surface in contact surface is the bottom contact of recess portion that is flat warm and being parallel to front-end surface
Surface, and therefore it is oriented perpendicularly to the direction of central axis.Another contact surface in three contact surfaces of pedestal
It is that the radial surface of support is provided on the direction towards central axis.The radial surface of pedestal, which is formed, has base around interface
Originally it is square the surface of the support construction of shape, and wherein distance phase of each this radial support surface away from interface
Together.As shown, each pedestal is connected to adjacent pedestal by recess portion, thereby simplifies processing and straight radial direction is provided and connect
Surface is touched, without from the re-entrant angle processed to recess portion, to improve the location accuracy of accelerometer.Third contacts table
Face is lateral (or side) contact surface, to provide lateral branch to accelerometer on the direction perpendicular to axially and radially direction
Support.
The drive surface 12,13 of two planes is formed on the envelope surface of measurement portion, to couple mechanical driving source, the machine
Tool driving source is orthogonal with corresponding drive surface.Drive surface 12 and 13 is perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to front-end surface 6.They
Corresponding normal direction axis is oriented such that they intersect with central axis, it may be assumed that drive surface is the radial direction relative to central axis
Surface.
With reference to Fig. 1 (b), the rear end of device is shown.Joint portion includes rear end surface 4 and tapered male form connection part 3, the sun
Type connection part 3 has the polygonal crosssection of sphering, and male form connection part 3 protrudes backward from rear end surface.Rear end surface diameter
It is in except male form connection part to ground, to form contact surface.Joint portion shown in example is based on Sandvik
Coromant System.
The view of front-end surface along rotation axis (X) is shown in Fig. 1 (d), four acceleration have wherein been received in device
Meter.4 PCB piezoelectricity 356A24 triaxial accelerometers 14,14', 14 ", 14 " ' be accepted that (each of which is all in one of pedestal
9,9', 9 ", 9 " ' in).Each accelerometer is the form of cuboid, has square bottom surface and generally much less than bottom
The height of the length on the one side on surface.Accelerometer is accepted in corresponding recess portion, and the front side of the accelerometer is by towards each bottom
The inner radial contact surface 15 of seat pushes, therefore each accelerometer is positioned around interface 8, away from interface same distance.
Each pedestal, which is also formed, for example provides flanking for lateral support to accelerometer in tangential direction or on the direction y or the direction z
Touch surface 16.Therefore, each accelerometer in pedestal is received in by spatially in three dimensions and around about interface
Three rotation axis positioning and orientation.
Each pedestal has the extension of the width greater than pedestal in radial direction (that is, length of pedestal).Recessed
The second radial surface is formed at the radial outer end in portion.Second radial surface is positioned radially within except accelerometer, and therefore
Gap 16 is formed between accelerometer and the second radial surface.This allow that each accelerometer is accepted in recess portion, and by
Inner radial contact surface 15 towards pedestal squeezes.
The depth of recess portion is small relative to the height of accelerometer.Therefore, accelerometer can be correct by the contact surface of recess portion
Ground positioning and orientation, while the major part of accelerometer extends out from front-end surface, therefore provides and add for coupling a wire to
The space of speed meter, with conduction measurement signal.
Accelerometer is attached in the recess portion to form pedestal by thin adhesive phase.Alternatively, accelerometer can pass through machine
Tool fastening, such as screw or by press-fit fastening.
(receptance coupling) technology is coupled using response, to synthesize the dynamic response at cutter head.Response coupling
The advantages of technology is: mechanical system (being in this case the lathe of the cutting tool with installation) can be considered as subsystem
The component of composition.This method allows from the substructuring on the mixed base of measurement, depending on being most suitable for the son knot
The modelling of structure and analysis obtain frequency response.
During the operation of measuring device, an accelerometer is installed in each pedestal of device.Device is installed in
Lathe to be used, such as in milling machine.Later, by connecting the exciting bank of vibrator forms of actuator, successively by three
Mechanical energy exciting bank in vertical direction.Therefore, vibrator actuator is in energized position Fx、FyAnd FzBetween move (with reference to figure
2b).In order to obtain all frequency response functions (FRF) of the six-freedom degree (DOF) at description interface, people will be necessary
Measure four kinds of different types of FRF, it may be assumed that the translation to translational force and spinning momentum and rotation response respectively.Sound at interface
Should be based on the calculating being described below, and average value and difference between the accelerometer based on the pairing on interface two sides,
To obtain translation and rotation response based on translation excitation.
In order to illustrate this calculating, people can be averaged (referring to equation 1 and Fig. 2 a) by the response to accelerometer
And obtain the direct frequency response H on the direction zzz, and by accelerometer A and B in y-direction translation response difference (referring to
Fig. 2 a) and obtain the rotation response around x-axisReferring to equation 2.
By using this method, and later in order to simplify and according to fig. 2 b change label, equation 3 can be measured
Element needed for half in FRF matrix.
Using Maxwell-Betti reciprocal theorem (Maxwell-Betti ' s reciprocity principle) and
Applied to system identification state-space model (referring to 4.2), to fill the element of the missing in the FRF matrix of equation 3.In order to
The system model for generating minor structure, and couples these minor structures, using and develop referred to as state space component synthesis
Method.This method depends on the continuous time state space description of linear time invariant amount system, writes out in the following manner
External force inputs u and displacement output y:
Wherein x is state vector and constant coefficients matrix { A, B, C, D }, and wherein A is state matrix, and B is input matrix, C
For output matrix, and D is feedthrough matrix.
System identification is executed on the FRF that the subsystem I using automation model order evaluation algorithms is empirically obtained.It should
Algorithm uses the state space subspace system recognizer n4sid for pulling out boots method and the implementation of statistical evaluation combination MATLAB,
The model stability of reinforcement with MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) the state space FRF for generating following form equation 5.
H (ω)=C (j ω I-A) B (equation 5)
What the principle of reciprocity (use Fig. 2 a as reference) of linear system showed to motivate at the switching node on direction 1 is
System, if applying identical exciting force in direction 2, on the sound being measured to and direction 1 at the same position in direction 2
It responds identical.It therefore meets following mathematical relation:
Hij=Hji(equation 6)
In order to establish full FRF matrix, first step is using following deformation type, and equation 7 uses left eigenvector VleftWith
Right feature vector Vright, state-space model is made to take block diagonal form.
Subscript instruction translation and momentum with B matrix correlation connection input, wherein BMLacked from measurement, and with C matrix phase
Associated T andIndicate the translation all obtained from measurement and rotation output.By combine equation 5,6,7, people it can be concluded that
Following interconversion relation equation 8.
Wherein
And it is contributed based on the n-th model, people can be write as the interconversion relation of each model
The equation provides
In order to obtain BMMissing input entry, system becomes its primitive form equation 12 again.
And by (equation 12), full FRF matrix can be established as by people now
On above-mentioned physical constraint, stability and interchangeability are also explained.
It is constructed as alternative accelerometer, the example of two and three accelerometers is shown respectively in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.For Fig. 3
Shown in alternative, two accelerometers 14 and 14' are arranged in pairs on the opposite side of interface 8.Two accelerometers are opposite
It is at an angle of α and β respectively in y-axis and z-axis, wherein α and β are preferably identical, and for example, 45 degree.By known angle [alpha] and β and add
The position L of speed meter1、L2、L3And L4, the exciter response on the direction x, y and z can be calculated, and therefore calculated frequency response letter
Number.The corresponding alternative construction that Fig. 4 shows three accelerometers 14,14' and 14 " is arranged around interface.Each added by known
The position of speed meter and rotation, can calculate the exciter response in the direction x, y and z, and therefore calculated frequency response function.
In order to obtain the frequency response function of any tool for chip removing machining in lathe, method is as follows.Firstly, defining two
Minor structure, wherein the first minor structure is by having, installation cutter, still the lathe of belt blade head is not formed.Second minor structure is defined as
Only it is made of the cutter head of cutter.
Later, the measuring device corresponding to the cutter of not belt blade head is installed in lathe, and accelerometer is accepted in pedestal
It is interior, and measure as described above.The frequency response for the measuring device being mounted in lathe is calculated by the result of measurement
Function.In Fig. 5, the example of the cutting tool with cutter head is shown in Fig. 5 (a).Corresponding sub- knot is shown in Fig. 5 (b)
Structure, there is shown with the cutter heads of the cutting tool as the second minor structure II.First minor structure I, that is, be mounted in lathe, but without
The cutting tool of cutter head is shown as measure setup, wherein a series of measuring device 1 with accelerometers 14 is installed in machine
In bed.
The second minor structure is calculated by finite element method (FEM), it may be assumed that the frequency response letter of the specific cutter head of cutting tool
Number.The frequency response function of the first minor structure and the second minor structure is coupled later, includes the first minor structure and the second son to obtain
The frequency response function of the assembly system of structure, therefore correspond to the cutter being mounted in lathe.For example, in P.'s
" identification of the component of vibration transfer path and synthesis analysis " (" Identification and synthesis of
Components for vibration transfer path analysis ") (Gothenburg, Sweden Cha Ermusili in 2007
Work University Ph.D. dissertation) in describe the coupling of frequency response function.
The stability diagram for the cutter being mounted in lathe is calculated using the frequency response function of composite structure.Show in Fig. 6
An example of stability diagram out.The stability of revolving speed (trunnion axis) shown in this figure and the cutting depth of cutting tool are (perpendicular
Axis) relationship.Below solid line, process operation is considered to be stable, it may be assumed that the risk of flutter vibration is low.It is deposited above solid line
In the risk that big flutter is vibrated, this may be processing discussed in introduction during a problem.Therefore, pass through stability
Figure can choose operating parameter, to provide good cutting ability (for example, being marked with O), and therefore can be to avoid wherein possible
The operating parameter (for example, being marked with X) of flutter vibration occurs.It is thereby possible to select by stability diagram instruction stability region in
Operating parameter.
Claims (20)
1. a kind of measuring device (1) for anti-dandruff lathe, described device has front end (10) and rear end (11), central axis
(x) extend between the front end and the rear end, described device includes:
Joint portion (2), the joint portion (2) is in the rear end, to engage the rotatable shaft of the lathe, wherein work as institute
When stating device and engaging with the main shaft, the central axis of described device is conllinear with the rotation axis；With
Measurement portion (5), the measurement portion (5) are in the front end, in the distal end at the joint portion,
It is characterized in that, the measurement portion does not have cutter head, wherein the measurement portion includes:
The front-end surface (6) of plane, the front-end surface (6) of the plane is perpendicular to the central axis, the front-end surface (6)
Including the interface (8) for receiving mechanical excitation, wherein the interface is aligned with the central axis, and wherein described
Front-end surface further include multiple pedestals (9,9', 9 ", 9 " '), the multiple pedestal (9,9', 9 ", 9 " ') in each pedestal use
In receive an accelerometer, the accelerometer be used for measure received mechanical excitation response,
Wherein each pedestal includes three contact surfaces for the accelerometer so that when accelerometer be accepted in it is described more
When in a pedestal in a pedestal and against three contact surfaces, the accelerometer is spatially in three dimensions simultaneously
And around three rotation axis positioning about the interface and orient,
And wherein the measuring device is configured to provide the measurement of the dynamic response of the minor structure of cutting tool, the son
Structure is by having the anti-dandruff lathe of the cutter of installation to form, the cutter not belt blade head, and measuring device correspondence
In the cutter of not belt blade head.
2. measuring device according to claim 1 a, wherein contact surface in three contact surfaces is vertical
In the axially contact surface that the central axis extends.
3. measuring device according to claim 1 or 2 a, wherein contact surface in three contact surfaces is diameter
To contact surface (15,15', 15 ", 15 " ').
4. measuring device according to claim 3, wherein each pedestal it is described radially contact with surface be positioned in away from
At the identical distance of the interface.
5. measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, including four pedestals, to receive and position around the interface
Four accelerometers.
6. measuring device according to claim 5, wherein the pedestal is arranged in rotational symmetry around the interface.
7. measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pedestal is formed as the recess portion in the front-end surface.
8. measuring device according to claim 7 has wherein each pedestal is all formed as the recess portion of cuboid to receive
The accelerometer of rectangular shape.
9. measuring device according to claim 7, wherein each pedestal, which passes through recess portion, is connected to adjacent pedestal.
10. measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the joint portion includes rear end surface (4) and has a sphering
Polygonal crosssection tapered male form connection part (3), the male form connection part (3) protrudes backward from the rear end surface,
Wherein the rear end surface is radially in except the male form connection part, to form contact surface.
11. measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the measurement portion has cylindrical envelope surface, the packet
Network surface is connected to the front-end surface of the plane in the front end, wherein two planes for coupling mechanical driving source
Drive surface (12,13) formed in the envelope surface, the drive surface (12,13) of described two planes vertically,
And perpendicular to the front-end surface, and the normal direction axis and central axis of the drive surface (12,13) of described two planes
Intersect, wherein the mechanical excitation source is orthogonal with the corresponding drive surface.
12. measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, including be accepted in each pedestal (9,9', 9 ", 9 " ') in one
A accelerometer (14,14', 14 ", 14 " ').
13. measuring device according to claim 12, wherein the accelerometer has rectangular shape, the cuboid
Shape has bottom surface and forward face, wherein each pedestal is all formed as the recess portion in the front-end surface, wherein each bottom
A contact surface in three contact surfaces of seat is the axially contact surface extended perpendicular to the central axis,
Described in pedestal three contact surfaces in another contact surface be in the direction towards the central axis
It is upper that the radial surface of support, and the wherein axial surface of pedestal described in the bottom surface contact are provided, and wherein
At least part of the forward face contacts the radial surface of the pedestal.
14. measuring device according to claim 13, wherein each pedestal includes the second radial surface, second diameter
It is radially in except the accelerometer to surface, and is wherein formed between the accelerometer and second radial surface
Gap (17,17', 17 ", 17 " ').
15. measuring device described in 3 or 14 according to claim 1, wherein the accelerometer has height, and wherein each recessed
Portion all has the depth of the height much smaller than the accelerometer, so that the major part of the accelerometer is extended from front-end surface
Come.
16. measuring device according to claim 12, wherein the accelerometer is attached to the pedestal by adhesive.
17. a kind of method for the frequency response function for obtaining the tool for chip removing machining in lathe, comprising:
Limiting two minor structures, the first minor structure is by having the lathe of the cutter of installation to form, the cutter not belt blade head, and
Second minor structure is made of the cutter head of cutter,
It is installed in the lathe according to claim 1 to 16 described in any item measuring devices (1), the measuring device is corresponding
In the cutter of not belt blade head,
Each pedestal (9,9', 9 ", 9 " ') in install an accelerometer (14,14', 14 ", 14 " '),
The measuring device is motivated with mechanical energy,
The response of the excitation is measured by the accelerometer, and is mounted on the lathe from measured exciter response calculating
The frequency response function of the interior measuring device,
By the frequency response of the frequency response function of first minor structure and the measuring device being mounted in the lathe
Functional dependence connection,
The frequency response function of second minor structure is calculated, and
The frequency response function of first minor structure and the second minor structure is coupled, to obtain for including first son
The frequency response function of the assembly system of structure and second minor structure.
18. according to the method for claim 17, wherein motivating the measuring device to be included in three Vertical Squares with mechanical energy
Described device is successively motivated with mechanical energy upwards.
19. a kind of method for the stability diagram for obtaining the tool for chip removing machining in lathe, comprising: 7 or 18 obtain according to claim 1
The combined frequency response function of the cutter in the lathe is obtained, and is calculated based on the combined frequency response function
For the stability diagram of the composite structure.
20. a kind of method of the operating parameter of the tool for chip removing machining in selection lathe, comprising: 9 obtain machine according to claim 1
The stability diagram of tool for chip removing machining in bed, and selection fall into the operation in the stability region indicated by the stability diagram
Parameter.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14196826.3A EP3031575B1 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2014-12-08 | A measurement device and a method of selecting operational parameters of a chip removing machining tool |
| EP14196826.3 | 2014-12-08 | ||
| PCT/EP2015/077738 WO2016091601A1 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2015-11-26 | A measurement device and a method of selecting operational parameters of a chip removing machining tool |
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| CN107000151B true CN107000151B (en) | 2019-07-05 |
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| US (1) | US10434615B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3031575B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6762937B2 (en) |
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| JP6918738B2 (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2021-08-11 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Sensor system |
| TWI702535B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-08-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Modeling apparatus and method of mechanistic force for milling unidirectional fiber reinforced polymer |
| JP2021139641A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Vibration measuring device and rotating body equipped with the same |
| TR202021810A1 (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-07-21 | Orta Dogu Teknik Ueniversitesi | DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF TOOL HOLDER EXTENSIONS |
| CN114102262B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-03-24 | 爱派尔(常州)数控科技有限公司 | Machine tool spindle safety detection method and system and machine tool |
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| US10434615B2 (en) | 2019-10-08 |
| JP2018502726A (en) | 2018-02-01 |
| JP6762937B2 (en) | 2020-09-30 |
| CN107000151A (en) | 2017-08-01 |
| EP3031575B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
| KR20170094308A (en) | 2017-08-17 |
| KR102488941B1 (en) | 2023-01-13 |
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| WO2016091601A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
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