CN106996957A - A kind of ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism - Google Patents
A kind of ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism Download PDFInfo
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- CN106996957A CN106996957A CN201610058549.5A CN201610058549A CN106996957A CN 106996957 A CN106996957 A CN 106996957A CN 201610058549 A CN201610058549 A CN 201610058549A CN 106996957 A CN106996957 A CN 106996957A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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Abstract
A kind of ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism of the present invention, be the step of detection method：High frequency will be connected with, amplitude pulse current multiturn excitation coil, by the way that the pulse current led on coil is increased into certain amplitude from starting point, it is loaded on ferromagnetic metal to be detected, if ferromagnetic metal existing defects to be detected, acoustic emission signal can be inspired, pass through the magnetostrictive force and Lorentz force and then enhancing acoustic emission signal amplitude of the magnetic field-enhanced ferromagnetic material of applied bias, the acoustic emission signal inputs PC again after inputting preamplifier amplification by four piezoelectric transducers or EMAT receiving transducers detection collection and by signal wire, according to the acoustic emission signal collected, extract the acoustic emission signal characteristic under different pulse currents, changing rule according to feature, distinguish acoustic emission signal and ultrasonic signal, and carry out two-dimentional positioning using TDOA, detection and localization goes out the crack defect that ferromagnetic metal to be detected is present, and the final activity to defect judges.
Description
Technical field
Technical scheme relates to the use of acoustic emission technical testing metal material, specifically a kind of to be based on electromagnetism
The ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method of loading
Background technology
Electromagnetic detection be electricity, magnetic property or the material response characteristic showed using material under electromagnetic action (such as
Vibration characteristics, stress concentration characteristic or Acoustic Emission Characteristic) carry out judgement material about performance and the experimental method of defect, can be with
Realize and the Non-contact nondestructive of fault in material is detected have the advantages that sensitivity is high and detection speed is fast, widely should
For manufacturing industry, space flight and aviation, petrochemical industry and other each industrial circles.Electromagnetic testing is based in the prior art
To fault in material detect method mainly have conventional vortex detection method, far-field vortex checking method, magnetic memory detecting method,
Flux-leakage detection method, low frequency electromagnetic field detection method, microwave detection method and potentiometric detection method, these methods have one
Common weak point is that detected by it is the static characteristic of fault in material, it is impossible to obtain the moving type of fault in material
State information.
On the other hand, the acoustic emission testing technology of fault in material is known using its high sensitivity and dynamic monitoring characteristic as industry,
But it is difficult the problem that material local defect small-signal is extracted from overall signal that existing acoustic emission testing technology exists always,
For actual commercial Application, this greatly limits the confidence level of acoustic emission testing technology and application.
How Electromagnetic Testing Technology and acoustic emission to be combined, to be reduced on the premise of acoustic emission advantage is kept
The difficulty and complexity of signal transacting, are suitable for actual commercial Application, as an important research direction.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：The defect, no of a kind of ferromagnetic metal material surface or near surface is provided
Continuous lossless detection method, is a kind of sound emission lossless detection method based on electromagnetic excitation, overcomes existing electromagnetism inspection
Survey method can not detect the moving state information for obtaining fault in material not enough and existing acoustic emission testing technology exist be difficult
The problem of material local defect small-signal is extracted from overall signal.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that is used of the technical problem：Using be connected with high frequency, amplitude pulse current it is many
Circle coil introduces vortex in ferromagnetic material metal surface or near surface, and the pulse current led on coil is increased to from starting point
Certain amplitude, excites defect itself to send comprising ultrasonic signal using the magnetostrictive force and Lorentz force of ferromagnetic material
Acoustic emission signal, can be sent out by the magnetostrictive force and Lorentz force and then enhancing sound of the magnetic field-enhanced ferromagnetic material of applied bias
Signal amplitude is penetrated, detection gathers the acoustic emission signal, transmits acoustic emission signal, and the acoustic emission signal detected is amplified,
The signal of amplification is conveyed, data acquisition and procession is carried out, the acoustic emission signal characteristic under different pulse currents, foundation is extracted
The changing rule of feature, distinguishes acoustic emission signal and ultrasonic signal, and the final activity to defect judges.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of operating process schematic block diagram of the ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of composition schematic diagram of the device of the ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is EMAT transmitting probe schematic diagrams；
Fig. 4 is the EMAT excitation variable windings and common multiturn coil of general type；
Fig. 5 is the feature extraction schematic diagram based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)；
Fig. 6 is positioning schematic；
Embodiment
A kind of ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism of the present invention is done with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing
Go out to describe in detail.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 shows, a kind of operation of the ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism of the present invention
Flow is：Pulse current is loaded on ferromagnetic metal material to be detected, if ferromagnetic metal material to be detected is deposited
In crackle, acoustic emission signal can be inspired, detection gathers the acoustic emission signal, transmits acoustic emission signal, will detect
Acoustic emission signal amplification, convey amplification signal, carry out data acquisition and procession simultaneously obtain a result.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 2 shows, used in a kind of ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism of the present invention
Device is by vortex generator, high energy pulse sending and receiving apparatus, multiturn excitation coil, four PZT (piezoelectric transducer)s, EMAT
Launch receiving transducer, preamplifier and PC to constitute.
Vortex generator is made up of signal generator and power amplifier device, its intermediate power amplifier by MOSFET Q1,
MOSFET Q2, diode D1, diode D2, a transformer and a resonant capacitance are connected and composed by following circuits：
MOSFET Q1 colelctor electrode connects 190V direct currents positive pole and D2 negative pole, and MOSFET Q1 emitter stage connects diode
D1 negative pole and transformer end 1 in the same direction, MOSFET Q1 gate pole connect the signal output of signal generator by signal wire
End 1, MOSFET Q2 colelctor electrode connects diode D2 positive pole and transformer backward end 1, MOSFET Q2 transmitting
Pole connects 190V direct currents negative pole and D1 positive pole, and MOSFET Q2 gate pole connects the letter of signal generator by signal wire
Number output end 2, transformer backward end 2 connects resonant capacitance one end, and transformer holds 2 to connect excitation coil one end, resonance electricity in the same direction
Hold another termination excitation coil other end and thus constitute loop.
In device used in a kind of above-mentioned ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism, the vortex generator
In signal generator model GWinstek SFG-1003, MOSFET Q1 and MOSFET Q2 model IRF730,
Diode D1 and diode D2 model MUR1620, transformer is the 110 circle lines with 0.3mm enamel-covered wire coilings
Circle and 1: 1 transformer by magnetic core of Philips TX36/23/15, the rated voltage of resonant capacitance is 1200V and capacity
For 1.5uF.
In device used in a kind of above-mentioned ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism, described multiturn excitation
Coil be 0.3mm enamel-covered wire coilings 170 circles, external diameter be 1.5cm, the tubular wire that internal diameter is 0.5cm and a height of 1cm
Circle.
In device used in a kind of above-mentioned ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism, the signal wire is
50 Ω copper conductors of 0.2mm line footpaths, other connecting lines and wire are 0.5mm enamel-covered wire.
In device used in a kind of above-mentioned ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism, four piezoelectricity is changed
Can device S1、S2、S3And S4It is commercially available, is produced by PAC companies of the U.S., model is all WSA；The preposition amplification
Device is commercially available, is produced by PAC companies of the U.S., model 2/4/6.
In device used in a kind of above-mentioned ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism, the high energy pulse hair
It is commercially available to penetrate reception device, there is the production of Ritec companies of the U.S., model RPR4000.
In device used in a kind of above-mentioned ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism, EMAT transmitting probes
For the EMAT probes of low-frequency range, acoustic emission effect is improved using permanent magnet, EMAT receive probe using and
EMAT identical structure compositions.
As shown in figure 3, EMAT transmitting probe schematic diagrams, acoustic emission effect is improved using permanent magnet, EMAT receives spy
Head is used and EMAT identical structure compositions.
As shown in figure 4, the EMAT excitation variable windings and common multiturn coil of general type, use printed-board technology
Make on circuit boards, one layer of wear-resisting composite is covered on the contact surface.
As shown in figure 5, the feature extraction based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), using fast Fourier algorithm respectively to collection
Sound emission voltage signal carries out time and frequency domain analysis, realizes the quick processing to signal.After frequency domain conversion, extract different
Characteristic peaks frequency amplitude intensity under exciting current, and corresponding point is indicated inside the cartesian coordinate system of two dimension, even
It is connected in the Kaiser effects point that defect is clear that after curve.
As shown in fig. 6, two dimensional surface positioning is positioned using three or four sensor groups into array.Use three biographies
Sensor positioning typically results in the true AE sources of two anchor points, i.e., one and a puppet AE source.Using four sensor structures
Diamondwise array carries out two dimensional surface positioning, adds a constraints, has to a real AE source.If by
Pop one's head in S1And S3Between time difference Δ t1Hyperbola 1 is obtained, by the S that pops one's head in2And S4Between time difference Δ t2Obtain hyperbola 2, AE sources
For Q, pop one's head in S1And S3Spacing is a, and pop one's head in S2And S1Spacing be b, velocity of wave is V, passes through signal and reaches sensor
The time difference can obtain the accurate location of signal source.
Embodiment 1
When starting detection, realize 190v direct current output in vortex generator through over commutation in 220v alternating current
Signal generator output control signal in 190V DC terminals, vortex generator, the signal is input in vortex generator
The power amplifier of 190V dc sources is connect, voltage inversion is alternating voltage by the power amplifier, after transformer boost,
The pulse square wave voltage is loaded on the loop being made up of resonant capacitance and multiturn excitation coil, by the arteries and veins led on coil
Rush electric current and increase to certain amplitude from starting point, and in the ferromagnetic metal to be detected that size is 500mm × 115mm × 15mm
On generate quasi sine vortex, if the ferromagnetic metal existing defects to be detected, can be inspired acoustic emission signal, the sound
Transmission signal is by four piezoelectric transducer S1、S2、S3And S4Detect and inputted by signal wire to preamplifier, by this
Preamplifier amplifies acoustic emission signal and inputted to PC, and the PC carries out two according to the acoustic emission signal collected
Positioning using TDOA is tieed up, its calculation procedure is：The ripple for the sound emission sound wave that PC is sent according to the ferromagnetic metal to be detected of input
Fast V, and according to four PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1、S2、S3And S4Coordinate, calculate PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1Probe and pressure
Electric transducer S2Probe spacing be a, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S3Probe and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S4Probe spacing be b,
Further according to four piezoelectric transducer S1、S2、S3And S4The acoustic emission signal sequencing collected, determines PZT (piezoelectric transducer)
S1With PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S3Between collect the time difference Δ t of acoustic emission signal1, and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S2With PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S4
Between collect the time difference Δ t of acoustic emission signal2, and then sound is obtained according to following positioning using TDOA calculation formula (1) and (2)
The coordinate of emission source, i.e. crack tip position：
Above-mentioned two-dimentional positioning using TDOA program circuit is：The sound emission sound wave that ferromagnetic metal material to be detected is sent is inputted respectively
Velocity of wave V and four PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1、S2、S3And S4Coordinate.PC is according to four PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1、S2、
S3And S4Coordinate, calculate PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1Probe and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S3Probe between apart from a, calculate piezoelectricity
Transducer S2Probe and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S4Probe between apart from b.PC is according to the acoustic emission signal priority collected
Sequentially, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S is determined1With PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S3Between gather time difference of acoustic emission signal, and PZT (piezoelectric transducer)
S2With PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S4Between gather acoustic emission signal time difference Δ t2.PC calculates acoustic emission source according to positioning using TDOA formula
Coordinate, realizes the positioning to the ferromagnetic metal defect to be detected.Feature extraction based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), is used
Fast Fourier algorithm carries out time and frequency domain analysis to the sound emission voltage signal of collection respectively, realizes to the quick of signal
Processing, after frequency domain conversion, extracts the characteristic peaks frequency amplitude intensity under different exciting currents, and the change according to feature is advised
Rule, distinguishes acoustic emission signal and ultrasonic signal, and sign acoustic emission signal is corresponding inside the cartesian coordinate system of two dimension
Point, is connected as being clear that the Kaiser effects point of defect after curve.And the final activity to defect judges.
Final detection and localization goes out the defective locations that the ferromagnetic metal material to be detected is present, and position error is 1~2mm, and
The final activity for judging defect.
Embodiment 2
Multiturn coil is excited and is changed to EMAT and excites end to excite, other be the same as Examples 1,
Final detection and localization goes out the defective locations that the ferromagnetic metal material to be detected is present, and position error is 1~2mm, and
The final activity for judging defect.
Embodiment 3
Vortex generator is replaced with into high energy pulse sending and receiving apparatus, other be the same as Examples 1.
Final detection and localization goes out the defective locations that the ferromagnetic metal material to be detected is present, and position error is 1~2mm, and
The final activity for judging defect.
Embodiment 4
Vortex generator is replaced and asks high energy pulse sending and receiving apparatus, multiturn excitation coil replaces with EMAT transmitting terminals,
Signal acquisition uses EMAT receiving terminals, other be the same as Examples 1.
Final detection and localization goes out the defective locations that the ferromagnetic metal material to be detected is present, and position error is 1~2mm, and
The final activity for judging defect.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism, it is characterised in that：It is a kind of sharp based on vortex
The electromagnetic nondestructive method of the ferromagnetic metal material of sound emission is encouraged, its step is：Using being connected with high frequency, amplitude
The multiturn coil of pulse current introduces vortex in ferromagnetic material metal surface or near surface, by the pulse current led on coil
Certain amplitude is increased to from starting point, excites defect itself to send sound hair using the magnetostrictive force and Lorentz force of ferromagnetic material
Signal is penetrated, can be believed by the magnetostrictive force and Lorentz force and then enhancing sound emission of the magnetic field-enhanced ferromagnetic material of applied bias
Number amplitude, detection gathers the acoustic emission signal, transmits acoustic emission signal, and the acoustic emission signal detected is amplified, conveying
The signal of amplification, carries out data acquisition and procession, extracts the acoustic emission signal characteristic under different pulse currents, according to feature
Changing rule, distinguish acoustic emission signal and ultrasonic signal, and the final activity to defect judges.Concrete operations are：
Excitation coil is placed on to the region to be detected of ferromagnetic metal to be detected, then by four PZT (piezoelectric transducer)s S1, S2, S3
It is placed in S4 by four vertex positions of rhombus on the ferromagnetic metal to be detected, each PZT (piezoelectric transducer) passes through respectively
Signal wire is connected to preamplifier, and the preamplifier is connected to PC with coaxial cable again；, will when starting detection
220v alternating current realizes 190v direct current output to the 190V DC terminals in vortex generator, vortex generation through over commutation
Signal generator output control signal in device, the signal is input to the power for connecing 190V dc sources in vortex generator
Voltage inversion is alternating voltage by amplifier, the power amplifier, and after transformer boost, the pulse square wave voltage is added
It is downloaded on the loop being made up of resonant capacitance and excitation coil, by the way that the pulse current led on coil is increased to from starting point
Certain amplitude, and coincidence quasi sine vortex is thus produced on ferromagnetic metal to be detected, if ferromagnetic metal to be detected is deposited
In defect, acoustic emission signal can be inspired, the acoustic emission signal is by four piezoelectric transducer S1、S2、S3And S4Detection
Gather and inputted by signal wire to preamplifier, then amplified by the preamplifier and inputted to PC, the PC
Two-dimentional positioning using TDOA, and the feature extraction based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) are carried out according to the acoustic emission signal collected, made
Time and frequency domain analysis is carried out to the sound emission voltage signal of collection respectively with fast Fourier algorithm, realized to the fast of signal
Speed processing, after frequency domain conversion, extracts the characteristic peaks frequency amplitude intensity under different exciting currents, the change according to feature
Rule, distinguishes acoustic emission signal and ultrasonic signal, and indicates corresponding point inside the cartesian coordinate system of two dimension, connects
To be clear that the Kaiser effects point of defect after curve.Exist so as to which detection and localization goes out the feeromagnetic metal to be detected
Defect, and the final activity to defect judges.
2. a kind of ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism according to claim 1, its feature is existed
In a kind of pulse current of the ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism is from starting point with certain form increase
To maximum amplitude, by analyzing the relation of acoustic emission signal and different exciting currents, according to the changing rule of feature, distinguish
Acoustic emission signal and ultrasonic signal, and finally the activity to defect judges.
3. a kind of ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism according to claim 1, its feature is existed
In：The PC carries out two-dimentional positioning using TDOA according to the acoustic emission signal collected, and its calculation procedure is：PC root
The velocity of wave V of the sound emission sound wave sent according to the ferromagnetic metal to be detected of input, and according to four PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1、S2、
S3And S4Coordinate, calculate PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1Probe and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S2Probe spacing be a, piezoelectric energy-conversion
Device S3Probe and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S4Probe spacing be b, further according to four piezoelectric transducer S1、S2、S3With
S4The acoustic emission signal sequencing collected, determines PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1With PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S3Between collect sound emission letter
Number time difference Δ t1, and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S2With PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S4Between collect the time difference Δ t of acoustic emission signal2, and then
The coordinate of acoustic emission source, i.e. crack tip position is obtained according to following positioning using TDOA calculation formula (1) and (2)：
4. a kind of ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism according to claim 1, its feature is existed
In：The flow that the PC carries out the program of two-dimentional positioning using TDOA according to the acoustic emission signal that is collected is：Input respectively
The velocity of wave V for the sound emission sound wave that ferromagnetic metal to be detected is sent and four PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1、S2、S3And S4Coordinate
PC is according to four PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1、S2、S3And S4Coordinate, calculate PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1Probe and piezoelectricity change
Can device S3Probe between apart from a, calculate PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S2Probe and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S4Probe between apart from b,
PC reaches the sequencing of piezoelectric transducer according to the acoustic emission signal collected, determines PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S1And piezoelectricity
Transducer S3Between gather acoustic emission signal time difference Δ t1, and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S2With PZT (piezoelectric transducer) S4Between collection sound send out
Penetrate the time difference Δ t of signal2, PC is according to positioning using TDOA formula calculating acoustic emission source coordinate, and realization is to ferromagnetism to be detected gold
Belong to the positioning of crack-type defect.
5. a kind of ferromagnetic metal lossless detection method loaded based on electromagnetism according to claim 1, its feature is existed
In：The feature extraction of signal is carried out using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), the judgement to defect is realized, and determine using two dimensional surface
Realize defect location in position.
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| CN108896649A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for estimating yield strength of ferromagnetic material based on electromagnetic ultrasound |
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| CN114113308A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-01 | 华中科技大学 | Force-magnetic fusion metal material defect eddy current detection system and detection method |
| CN114113308B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-05-24 | 华中科技大学 | Force-magnetic fusion metal material defect eddy current detection system and detection method |
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