CN106994519A - A kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod - Google Patents
A kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN106994519A CN106994519A CN201710260533.7A CN201710260533A CN106994519A CN 106994519 A CN106994519 A CN 106994519A CN 201710260533 A CN201710260533 A CN 201710260533A CN 106994519 A CN106994519 A CN 106994519A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
- B23B29/04—Tool holders for a single cutting tool
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod, the problem of it is solved in the prior art for reducing lathe tool flutter in turning process, become feature using the frequency of viscoelastic material damping characteristic, more preferable effectiveness in vibration suppression can be played under the conditions of high-speed cutting, processing efficiency, crudy and machining accuracy can be improved, and its structure is reliable, economy is strong.Technical scheme is：One layer of visco-elastic damping layer is bonded using the damping adhesive layer of damping adhesive formation on the matrix of turning tool rod, and one layer of restraint layer is bonded on visco-elastic damping layer and forms constrained damping structure；The visco-elastic damping layer that the vibrational energy produced in Tutrning Process at cutter head is delivered in constrained damping structure, constrained damping structure from matrix is converted vibrational energy into thermal dissipation and realized by shear energy dissipation suppresses turning flutter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tool for cutting machining, more particularly to a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod.
Background technology
Turning flutter is mainly derived from workpiece and knife bar, for example, turning thin-wall part or easily go out during using long overhanging turning tool rod
Now vibrate.In Tutrning Process, weak rigid workpiece or turning tool rod are produced flexural vibrations by the effect of dynamic cutting force,
Processing stability is deteriorated, and leaves chatter mark in workpiece surface, has a strong impact on crudy and machining accuracy, reduces the cutter longevity
Life.Usually, when the draw ratio of knife bar is more than four, the rigidity of knife bar in itself can not just meet processing request, it is therefore desirable to
Vibration in cutting process is reduced using certain vibration damping control strategy.
At present, it is common to use three kinds strategy reduce turning flutters, one be adjustment cutting parameter, such as reduce the speed of mainshaft or
Cutting depth, but so necessarily cause processing efficiency to reduce；Two be to apply dynamic excitation, directly offsets in cutting process and produces
Raw vibration, conventional have piezoelectric actuator, inertia damper etc., this kind of method effectiveness in vibration suppression preferably, but its system and
Structure is more complicated, and automatic detection device, controller and actuator are required to be accurately controlled, and reliability is poor, thus application compared with
For limitation；Three be the damping property for improving turning tool rod, such as the Static stiffness of knife bar is improved using new material, and design is impacted or rubbed
Wipe shock absorber etc., knife bar designed by this method it is simple in construction, can play certain damping effect, but the class formation is once setting
Its modal parameter can not change after meter is manufactured, it is impossible to adapt to cutting environment complicated and changeable, have some limitations.
Constrained damping structure has stronger vibration loss ability, and the main detrusion using visco-elastic damping layer consumes
Can, visco-elastic damping material is a kind of widely used macromolecule polymer material, and its damping capacity is mostly derived from polymerization
The in-fighting of thing.When vibration force acts on damping layer, polymeric inner produces stretching, bending or detrusion, acts on polymerization
The mechanical energy of thing elastic component is stored, and external force is discharged again after removing, and returns to the external world, recoverable force；And make
Mechanical energy for viscosity component is converted into heat energy and is dissipated, and deformation can not recover, and vibration amplitude is decayed rapidly with the time.
Visco-elastic damping material has dynamic mechanical, and its damping capacity is influenceed larger by temperature and frequency, therefore viscoplasticity is about
Beam damping structure has stronger adaptability.
In summary, in the prior art for the problem of lathe tool flutter, still lacking effective solve in reduction turning process
Scheme.Constrained damping structure provides new thinking for lathe tool vibration damping.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, dissipate and shake in the long overhanging turnery processing of weak rigidity the invention provides one kind
Energy, and the viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod of processing stability is improved, utilize viscoelastic material damping characteristic
Frequency become feature, more preferable effectiveness in vibration suppression can be played under the conditions of high-speed cutting, processing efficiency, crudy and processing can be improved
Precision, and its structure is reliable, economy is strong.
The present invention uses following technical proposals：
A kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod, including matrix and cutter head, are utilized on the matrix of turning tool rod
The damping adhesive layer of damping adhesive formation is bonded one layer of visco-elastic damping layer, and one layer of constraint of bonding on visco-elastic damping layer
Layer forms constrained damping structure；The vibrational energy produced in Tutrning Process at cutter head is delivered to matrix first, then from base
Body is delivered to visco-elastic damping layer and restraint layer, because the stretching and compression of visco-elastic damping layer suffer restraints the suppression of layer
System, therefore detrusion will be produced in visco-elastic damping layer, and thermal dissipation is converted vibrational energy into by shear energy dissipation,
The flexural vibrations of the long overhanging turning tool rod of weak rigidity can be reduced, be achieved in suppressing turning flutter, improve the purpose of turning stability.
Further, described matrix uses alloy steel material.
Further, described damping adhesive is epoxide resin type adhesive.
Further, the thickness of described damping adhesive layer is less than 0.5mm.
Further, the bonding direction of described damping adhesive layer is turning tool rod direction of feed.
Further, use and placed 48 hours without pressuring method after described damping adhesive layer bonding.
Further, described visco-elastic damping layer use with high damping visco-elastic material, such as polyurethane rubber, its
Damping capacity modulus of shearing and shearing fissipation factor are characterized, and the two all has stronger temperature dependency and frequency dependence；
In damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod cutting process, the operating temperature of visco-elastic damping material is basically unchanged, and is cut by time-varying
The influence of power, the working frequency of visco-elastic damping material is continually changing, within the specific limits, and its damping capacity is with the speed of mainshaft
The increase of (working frequency) and increase, i.e. the speed of mainshaft is higher, and the vibration loss ability of the damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod is stronger, subtracts
Effect of shaking is better.
Further, described restraint layer is using high density-metal material, high rigidity materials such as hard alloy.
Further, the section of described turning tool rod is square or circle.
Further, described turning tool rod is applied to engine lathe and numerically controlled lathe.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) present invention applies constrained damping structure damping technology in turning tool rod, can be in the relatively low situation of cost
Longer, good damping result the turning tool rod of lower manufacture overhanging；Long overhanging turning tool rod allows to design longer visco-elastic damping layer, one
Determine in scope, the speed of mainshaft is higher, the damping capacity of visco-elastic damping material is better, can more give full play to its shear energy dissipation energy
Power；
(2) damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod of the invention can improve crudy and machining accuracy, tool life；
(3) damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod of the invention can improve production efficiency, realize and efficiently, stably, without flutter turning add
Work, is particularly suitable for use in auto production line, aerospace vehicle production line and some other special production scene.
Brief description of the drawings
The Figure of description for constituting the part of the application is used for providing further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its illustrate be used for explain the application, do not constitute the improper restriction to the application.
Fig. 1 is the integrally-built full sectional view of damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the detrusion model of the constrained damping structure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the square turning tool rod of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of the circular bit bar of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the dynamic mechanical curve of the viscoelastic polyurethane elastic damping material of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the acceleration frequence responses curve of two kinds of turning tool rods of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the finished surface schematic diagram of the common in-vehicle knife bar of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the finished surface schematic diagram of the damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod of the present invention；
Wherein, 1- restraint layers, 2- matrixes, 3- visco-elastic damping layers, 4- damping adhesive layers, 5- cutter heads.
Embodiment
It is noted that described further below is all exemplary, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
Indicate, all technologies used herein and scientific terminology are with usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in this manual using term "comprising" and/or " bag
Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combinations thereof.
As background technology is introduced, the deficiency that there is lathe tool flutter in Tutrning Process in the prior art is
Technical problem as above is solved, present applicant proposes a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod.
In a kind of typical embodiment of the application, subtract as shown in Figure 1 there is provided a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure
Shake turning tool rod, including matrix 2 and cutter head 5, is glued on the matrix 2 of turning tool rod using the damping adhesive layer 4 of damping adhesive formation
One layer of visco-elastic damping layer 3 is connect, and one layer of restraint layer 1 is bonded on visco-elastic damping layer 3 and forms constrained damping structure；Turning adds
The vibrational energy produced during work at cutter head 5 is delivered to matrix 2 first, is then delivered to the He of visco-elastic damping layer 3 from matrix 2
Restraint layer 1, visco-elastic damping layer 3 converts vibrational energy into thermal dissipation by shear energy dissipation, can reduce the long overhanging of weak rigidity
The flexural vibrations of turning tool rod, are achieved in suppressing turning flutter, improve the purpose of turning stability.
Above-mentioned matrix 2 uses 42CrMo materials；Described damping adhesive is epoxide resin type adhesive, described resistance
The thickness of Buddhist nun's adhesive layer 4 is less than 0.5mm, and the bonding direction of damping adhesive layer 4 is turning tool rod direction of feed.
Above-mentioned visco-elastic damping layer 3 uses urethane rubber materials, the damping capacity shearing mould of visco-elastic damping layer 3
Amount and shearing fissipation factor are characterized, and the two all has stronger temperature dependency and frequency dependence；In damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod
In cutting process, the operating temperature of visco-elastic damping layer 3 is basically unchanged, and is influenceed by time-varying cutting force, viscoplasticity resistance
The working frequency of Buddhist nun's layer 3 is continually changing, and within the specific limits, its damping capacity is with the increase of the speed of mainshaft (working frequency)
Increase, i.e., the speed of mainshaft is higher, and the vibration loss ability of the damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod is stronger, and effectiveness in vibration suppression is better.
The damping vibration attenuation performance of above-mentioned constrained damping structure represents with damping ratio, due to constrained damping structure mainly by
The detrusion power consumption of visco-elastic damping layer 3, therefore available shear strain energy method calculates its damping ratio.Constrained damping structure is cut
Shear deformation model is as shown in Fig. 2 modeling process have ignored the influence of damping adhesive layer 4, and constrained damping structure can be considered uniform
Linear compound damping structure, after it produces harmonic motion under exciting force effect, can represent its strain and position with plural form
Move, expression formula is：
In formula, εnAnd δ (x)n(x) the average axial strain of each layer and average axial displacement are represented respectively.
The stretcher strain energy of unit length, flexural deformation energy on matrix 2, visco-elastic damping layer 3 and restraint layer 1 during harmonic motion
It is with shearing deformation energy：
Wherein, K'n=E'nSnFor the real part of the multiple tensible rigidity of each layer unit length, E'nFor the complex elasticity mould of layers of material
The real part of amount, SnFor each Rotating fields sectional area；B'n=E'nInFor the real part of the multiple bending stiffness of each layer unit length, θ is average angle
Displacement；G'nFor the real part of the complex shear modulus of layers of material, γnStrained for the average shear of each Rotating fields.
Assuming that average angular displacement=θ0The harmonious changes of cospx, then averagely axial displacement and average shear strain is also harmonious
Change, is represented by：
In formula, RnFor the average tensile coefficient of each layer, PnFor the average shear coefficient of each layer.
By deformation energy per unit length in 2 π of all-wave length/p upper integrals, obtaining average tensile, bending and shear strain can be：
The damping ratio vibration loss ability of constrained damping structure is represented with total the ratio between performance that becomes：
In formula, αnFor the stretching fissipation factor of layers of material, βnFor the shearing fissipation factor of layers of material.
The average axial displacement of visco-elastic damping layer 3 in the x direction is：
Wherein：δA=δc+yA tanθ≈δc+θyA, δB=δs-yB tanθ≈δs-θyB。
Each point displacement on the cross section center line s of visco-elastic damping layer 3 is averaged on total length b, average tensile system is obtained
Count and the first independent equation of average shearing factor is：
The relative shear of visco-elastic damping layer 3 in y-direction, which is strained, is：
The average shear stress for acting on visco-elastic damping layer 3 is：
Simultaneous formula (8) (9) can be obtained：
In formula,Kn=K'n(1+iαn) it is multiple tensible rigidity.Gd=G'd(1+iβn) it is visco-elastic damping layer
3 complex shear modulus.
The cross section center line total length b upper integrals of visco-elastic damping layer in formula (10) 3 are obtained into the second independent equation is：
3rd independent equation is the equilibrium equation of power：
By δn=θ Rn, independent equations (7) (11) (12) are substituted into, abbreviation arranges to obtain average tensile coefficient solution equation group
For：
In formula, formation wave numberThe π f of ω=2 are angular frequency.The material of matrix 2 and restraint layer 1 is
42CrMo, it is stretched and (α s=α c=β s=β c=0) can be neglected in shearing fissipation factor；The stretching of visco-elastic damping layer 3
Fissipation factor is equal to shearing fissipation factor (αd=βd), have for each stiffness layer parameter：Ks=K 's, Kc=K 'c, Bs=B 's, Bc=
B′c。
Constrained damping structure mainly utilizes the detrusion dissipation vibrational energy of visco-elastic damping layer 3, matrix 2 and restraint layer
1 average shear coefficient is ignored.By each layer average tensile system of the matrix 2 solved, visco-elastic damping layer 3 and restraint layer 1
Number and formula γd=θ PdSubstitution formula (6), tries to achieve the average shear coefficient of visco-elastic damping layer 3.According to the definition of energy method, glue
The damping ratio of elastic restraint damping structure is：
Using viscoplasticity constrained damping structure damping ratio computation model, optimization aim is turned to damping ratio maximum, to damping
Each Rotating fields size and visco-elastic damping material of vibration damping turning tool rod are optimized and preferably, final choice polyurethane rubber conduct
The visco-elastic damping layer 3 of optimization, the dynamic mechanical of polyurethane rubber as shown in figure 5, solid line is storage shear modulus in figure,
Dotted line is shearing fissipation factor.
It is the structural representation of the application damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod as shown in Figure 1, constrained damping structure has two kinds of design sides
Case, i.e., plate class constrained damping structure as shown in Figure 3 and axle class constrained damping structure as shown in Figure 4, can be applied in length respectively
In the vibration damping processing of overhanging billmpse tool bar and internal lathe-tool bar.
According to the result of structural design optimization, first by turning tool rod blank by Milling Process into damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod
Matrix and tool bit part, visco-elastic damping layer and restraint layer are molded standby also by Milling Process.
By damping adhesive that metal is Nian Jie with damping material, bonding agent selects epoxide-resin glue, when feature is solidification
Between it is long, position can be adjusted after laminating, and adhesive strength is high after solidification, and its modular ratio damping floor height, be conducive to will vibration from
Matrix 2 is delivered to visco-elastic damping layer 3 and restraint layer 1.Before bonding metal and the greasy dirt on damping material surface are removed using acetone
And grease, improve the adhesion strength and service life of metal and damping material.Adhesive is uniformly brushed to respectively in bonding process
Layer surface, being rolled repeatedly with roller is brought into close contact it, excludes bubble in glue, it is ensured that adhesive layer thickness is less than 0.5mm, after laminating
Placed 48 hours using without pressuring method.
Fig. 6 is that damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod of the present invention is contrasted with common in-vehicle knife bar mode test result, damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod
Damping ratio increase 95% on year-on-year basis, damping property is greatly promoted.
Fig. 7 is the finished surface schematic diagram of this common in-vehicle knife bar, and Fig. 8 illustrates for the finished surface of damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod
Figure, is contrasted, it is seen that entering by finished surface of the damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod with common in-vehicle knife bar under identical Cutting Parameters
There is obvious chatter mark in finished surface to common in-vehicle knife bar on direction, and the finished surface of damping vibration attenuation turning tool rod only has feeding trace
Mark, without chatter mark, surface roughness reduces by 50% on year-on-year basis.
The preferred embodiment of the application is the foregoing is only, the application is not limited to, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.It is all within spirit herein and principle, made any repair
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod, including matrix and cutter head, it is characterised in that in the base of turning tool rod
One layer of visco-elastic damping layer is bonded using the damping adhesive layer of damping adhesive formation on body, and is bonded on visco-elastic damping layer
One layer of restraint layer formation constrained damping structure；The vibrational energy produced in Tutrning Process at cutter head is delivered to constraint from matrix
Visco-elastic damping layer in damping structure, constrained damping structure converts vibrational energy into thermal dissipation by shear energy dissipation and realized
Suppress turning flutter.
2. a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described base
Body uses alloy steel material.
3. a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described resistance
Buddhist nun's adhesive is epoxide resin type adhesive.
4. a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described resistance
The thickness of Buddhist nun's adhesive layer is less than 0.5mm.
5. a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described resistance
The bonding direction of Buddhist nun's adhesive layer is turning tool rod direction of feed.
6. a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described resistance
Use and placed without pressuring method after Buddhist nun's adhesive layer bonding.
7. a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described is viscous
Elastomeric damping layer uses polyurethane rubber.
8. a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described pact
Beam layer uses Hardmetal materials.
9. a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described car
The section of knife bar is square or circle.
10. a kind of viscoplasticity constrained damping structure vibration damping turning tool rod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Turning tool rod is applied to engine lathe and numerically controlled lathe.
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| CN109249043A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Vibration damping lathe tool and its design method |
| CN110231405A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-09-13 | 中汽研（天津）汽车工程研究院有限公司 | A kind of test method of viscoelastic material elasticity modulus and damping loss factor |
| CN112238227A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2021-01-19 | 肯纳金属公司 | Cutting tool holder with improved damping effect |
| CN112247171A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-22 | 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 | Frequency-adjustable passive vibration-damping cutter bar and vibration-damping cutter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109249043A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Vibration damping lathe tool and its design method |
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| CN112247171A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-22 | 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 | Frequency-adjustable passive vibration-damping cutter bar and vibration-damping cutter |
| CN112247171B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-03-11 | 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 | Frequency-adjustable passive vibration-damping cutter bar and vibration-damping cutter |
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