CN106991217B - Method for analyzing influence of coupling on receiving characteristics based on receiving direction diagram method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for analyzing the influence of coupling on receiving characteristics based on a receiving direction graph method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, establishing a simulation array model by using FEKO software, setting a fixed phase difference between a parameter and an incident signal, simulating the model, and acquiring a plurality of output files comprising snapshot signals, wherein the output files comprise received data and English descriptions; step 2, processing the received data in each output file by adopting Java programming to obtain a file only containing the received data; step 3, acquiring the weight values of all incident angles forming the null by adopting an LCMV algorithm for the file in the step 2; step 4, acquiring anti-interference receiving directional diagrams under all incident angles based on the weight; and 5, analyzing the influence of coupling on anti-interference performance according to the anti-interference receiving directional diagram.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a signal processing technology, in particular to a method for analyzing the influence of coupling on receiving characteristics based on a receiving direction graph method.
Background
The two main research directions of array signal processing are adaptive array processing and spatial spectrum estimation. Analyzing these two directions requires analyzing the receive characteristics of the array first.
Electromagnetic calculation numerical methods such as moment methods (MOM), Finite Element Methods (FEM), and finite difference time domain methods (FDTD) can simulate the performance of the antenna array well. However, due to the presence of coupling, the performance of the array in transmit mode is not directly equivalent to the performance of the receive array.
At present, in order to verify the performance of the manufactured antenna array in a receiving mode, a horn antenna is generally required to transmit signals in a dark room, and certain upward receiving signal characteristics of the current array are measured through rotation of a rotary table. However, actual measurement needs a real object, the cost is high, and the number of actually measured angles is limited.
However, in simulation, the anti-interference effect of the current simulation array is calculated by using an analog signal generated by an algorithm, which does not well reflect the anti-interference performance of the array under reception. At present, no method can conveniently obtain the omnidirectional receiving characteristic of an array antenna, namely a receiving directional diagram. The following problems are mainly encountered:
(1) the method of Matlab simulation of the generated signals cannot well reflect the influence of coupling on the received signals, and the generated analog signals cannot be close to the actual array and only can use ideal guide vectors;
(2) the received signal on the matched load cannot be simulated by the HFSS, and a receiving direction graph cannot be obtained;
(3) the FEKO software introduces a moment method, can accurately simulate the receiving state of the array antenna, and can calculate the receiving signal at the moment by the moment method by adding plane waves. However, the use method related in the prior art can only obtain the received signal at one incident angle, so that the received signals at all incident angles cannot be conveniently obtained at present;
(4) in the previous method, the ideal steering vector is multiplied by the calculated weight, and the conclusion that the coupling makes the anti-interference null shift is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for analyzing the influence of coupling on receiving characteristics based on a receiving direction graph method, which can quickly obtain receiving signals on an array matching load under all-directional incident angles in batches, can also obtain ideal receiving signals without coupling, and performs comparison analysis processing by using an algorithm.
The method comprises the following steps:
and 5, analyzing the influence of coupling on anti-interference performance according to the anti-interference receiving directional diagram.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the anti-interference performance of a certain antenna array can be accurately evaluated by acquiring the receiving directional diagram; (2) the simulation result is consistent with the actual measurement conclusion, the research object of the existing other technologies is only suitable for the transmitting array, and the obtained conclusion cannot be suitable for the receiving array; (3) the simulation can be carried out on any array, and the improvement conditions of the antenna receiving performance such as the coupling reduction measure can be conveniently verified; (4) the research on the receiving direction diagrams with coupling and without coupling can conveniently compare the influence of the coupling on the receiving characteristic and the interference resistance; (5) different from the method for drawing a receiving directional diagram in the prior method, the method in the invention multiplies the weight obtained by calculation by a real steering vector instead of an ideal steering vector calculated by an algorithm, and the conclusion in the invention is that coupling only enables the zero line depth of the whole anti-interference system to be shallow.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the FEKO modeling and excitation model of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a receive pattern without coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the receive pattern with coupling in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an array received signal and corresponding weights according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method provided by the invention utilizes the existing tool FEKO integrating the moment method to research a set of reception direction diagrams of any array obtained by a quick pass algorithm, and can analyze the influence of coupling on reception characteristics and anti-interference application. Since the received signals of each angle in the FEKO output file are scattered, no one has tried to acquire the received signals at all incident angles at the same time, and several techniques are not solved in the middle, and the method proposed by the present invention will be given below.
With reference to fig. 1, a method for analyzing the influence of coupling on the receiving characteristics based on a receiving direction diagram method includes the following steps:
and 5, analyzing the influence of coupling on anti-interference performance according to the anti-interference receiving directional diagram.
In step 1, if the model is established when receiving data without coupling is obtained, the model is established as follows: and establishing simulation models with the same number as the antennas according to the layout of the array, wherein only one antenna unit is arranged in each simulation model, and the positions of the antenna units in each model are different and correspond to the layout under the array one by one.
The specific process of obtaining the output file of the receiving data under coupling in the step 1 is as follows:
step 1.1.1, establishing a simulation array model by using FEKO software, and setting parameters, wherein the parameters comprise a matching load value connected with a port, a vacuum medium space where the model is located, current output on the matching load, double-precision solving precision, a scanning pitch angle range of an incident signal and a scanning azimuth angle range of the incident signal;
step 1.1.2, setting a fixed phase difference for each incident signal, so that the phases of adjacent incident signals are delayed by the same fixed phase difference;
step 1.1.3, the model is simulated, and one out is output once per simulationiFile, the outiThe file contains a snapshot signal of all antennas in the array, and i is an index value of the snapshot.
The specific process of acquiring the output file without coupling is as follows:
step 1.2.1, establishing a model of each antenna unit by adopting FEKO software, and setting parameters, wherein the parameters comprise a matching load value connected with a port, a medium space where the model is located is vacuum, current on an output matching load, double-precision solving precision, a scanning pitch angle range of an incident signal and a scanning azimuth angle range of the incident signal;
step 1.2.2, setting a fixed phase difference for each incident signal, so that the phases of adjacent incident signals are delayed by the same fixed phase difference;
step 1.2.3, carrying out simulation operation on the jth antenna unit model, and outputting one out every time of simulationijFile, the outijThe file contains a snapshot signal of the jth antenna unit model, and i is an index value of the snapshot.
The specific process of the step 2 for processing the received data without coupling is as follows:
step 2.1, get each out of FEKO's outputiAll received data and English descriptions in the file;
step 2.2, adopt Java to program every outiThe received data in the file is processed as follows:
searching English Segment loads on the received data of each incident angle, respectively taking out the real part and the imaginary part of the received signal of each antenna unit below according to the character Segment in the row, and storing the real part and the imaginary part into corresponding txt according to the sequence of the pitch angle from small to large and the azimuth angle from small to largeiIn a file.
The specific process of processing the received data under coupling in step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, acquiring received data and English descriptions in output files of all snapshots of all antenna units output by the FEKO;
step 2.2, adopt Java to program every outijThe received data in the file is processed as follows:
searching English Segment loads on the received data of each incident angle, respectively taking out the real part and the imaginary part of the received signal of each antenna unit below according to the character Segment in the line after searching, and storing the real part and the imaginary part into corresponding cache files according to the sequence of the pitch angle from small to large and the azimuth angle from small to large;
step 2.3, for the received data in all the cache files, storing the received data of all the antenna units under the incident signals with the same angle under the ith snapshot into corresponding txt according to the sequence of the pitch angle from small to large, the azimuth angle from small to large and the serial number of the antennaiIn a file.
The specific process of the step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1, all txtiAll the received data of the angles in the file are imported into Matlab, and all snapshot signals on all matched loads of the jth angle are taken out as follows
Wherein M is the number of channels of the model array, and N is the number of incident signals;
step 3.2, obtaining the weight wopt of the ith angle forming null by using an LCMV algorithmi；
And 3.3, repeating the steps 3.1 and 3.2, and calculating the weights wopt corresponding to all the incident angles.
The specific process of the step 4 is as follows:
step 4.1, forming a null weight wopt by adopting the ith incident angleiCarrying out matrix multiplication on the received data of each incident angle in Matlab to obtain a received data intensity result;
step 4.2, acquiring a three-dimensional graph for representing an anti-interference receiving directional diagram under the ith incident angle according to the results of the intensity of the received data of the x axis as a pitching angle, the y axis as an azimuth angle and the z axis;
and 4.3, repeating the steps 4.1 and 4.2 to obtain anti-interference receiving directional diagrams at all incidence angles.
The analysis method in the step 5 comprises the following steps: when the weight wopt corresponding to a certain incident angle is in the anti-interference receiving directional diagram, the receiving gain is minimum, which indicates that the anti-interference performance is best at the moment.
Example one
In order to capture the received signals of all angles of the incident angle, the pitch angle is from 0 to 90 degrees, and the azimuth angle is from 0 to 360 degrees, the simulation model is shown in fig. 2.
The simulation of this embodiment is modeled as a 4-circle array with a pitch of 80 mm. Fig. 3 and 4 are reception direction diagrams when the incoming direction of the incident signal is (50,250) in the case of no coupling and in the case of coupling, respectively, in the simulation. It can be seen that at the interference arrival (50,250), the receive gain with coupling is greater than the receive gain without coupling.
A method for analyzing the effect of coupling on reception characteristics based on a reception direction diagram method, comprising the steps of:
and 5, analyzing the anti-interference performance according to the anti-interference receiving directional diagram.
In step 1, if receiving data under coupling is obtained, a model is established according to the array layout of the antennas.
In step 1, if receiving data without coupling is obtained, simulation models with the same number of antennas are established according to the layout of the array, only one antenna unit is placed in each simulation model, the positions of the antenna units in each model are different and correspond to the layout under the array one by one, the models are simulated, and a plurality of output files including snapshot signals are obtained and comprise the receiving data and English descriptions. Assuming that the array has 4 antennas and 4 numbers, in the ith model, only the ith antenna is located at the same position as the ith antenna in the array.
When obtaining the receiving signals without coupling in step 1, assuming that there are 4 antennas in the array, according to the layout of the array, respectively establishing 4 models when arranging the array, only one unit is placed in each model file, the unit position in each model is different, and the unit positions are in one-to-one correspondence with the layout under the array, so as to respectively obtain the receiving signals of each unit.
Step 1.1, the method can meet the requirement of acquiring the received signals of any array type. Here, a corresponding model is first established in FEKO. Opening the CADFEKO, constructing an array to be analyzed, and matching the matching load value Z connected with the matched portLThe medium space where the array elements are located is vacuum. If a received signal under the array needs to be acquired, only one array needs to be established during modeling. When obtaining a receiving signal without coupling, assuming that there are 4 antennas in the array, according to the layout of the array, 4 models need to be respectively established when arranging the array, only one unit is placed in each model file, the unit position in each model is different, and the unit positions in each model correspond to the layout under the array one by one, so that the receiving signal of each unit can be respectively obtained.
Step 1.2, selecting Solution → Current output in the menu bar, setting and outputting the Current on the matched load, guiding the Current as an out file, and setting the solving precision as double precision;
step 1.3, setting the scanning angle of the incident signal: pitch angle range: 0-90 degrees, azimuth: 0-360 degrees, and total 91 × 361 ═ 32851 angles. And each time of simulation, a receiving signal output file under a snapshot can be obtained. In FEKO, a fixed phase difference needs to be delayed for 5 times on the phase of an incident signal, and 6 different incident signal phases are set in total, so that 6 out files can be obtained respectively, wherein each out file contains 1 snapshot signal;
and step 1.4, for obtaining the output file without coupling, only simulating each file which is independently modeled, and obtaining the received signal output file with the omnibearing angle of 6 snapshots of each channel by setting the parameters to be consistent with those in the step 1.3. Because each unit is independently modeled, and 6 snapshot signals are taken, the output file has 4 × 6-24.
And 2, in an out file output by the FEKO, each snapshot is a file, 32851-angle snapshot signals in the file need to be taken out in a programming mode, and a txt file which can be read by Matlab is generated. To take out the signals of 6 snapshots, it needs to be processed 6 times.
Step 2.1, in an output out file, 32851 received signals are included. The out file contains received data and also contains an English description, and cannot be processed by Matlab. Although the desired received signals are distributed in the output file, it is not practical to manually extract 32851 sets of data;
step 2.2, the invention proposes that Java programming is used for carrying out data searching, cutting and unloading processing on out files: english 'Segment loads' exist in the upper line of the received signal of each incident angle, after the keyword is found, the real part and the imaginary part of the received signal of each channel below are taken out according to the number-th character Segment in the line, and are stored into a txt file according to the sequence that the pitch angle is from 0 to 90 degrees and the azimuth angle is from 0 to 360 degrees;
step 2.3, repeating the steps 2.1-2.2, and processing all snap signals together;
and 2.4, outputting files of 24 simulated received signals without coupling, or storing the files into a txt file after the processing by the steps 2.1-2.4 for processing data by the following algorithm.
Step 3.1, introducing all 32851-angle received signals of the 6 snapshots in the step 2 into Matlab, wherein a 4-path channel is assumed, and taking out the 6 snapshot signals on all matched loads at a certain angle as follows;
step 3.2, the weight wopt of forming the null at the angle can be calculated by an LCMV algorithm;
and 3.3, repeating the steps 3.1-3.2, and calculating the corresponding weights of all angle interference incoming directions.
Step 4.1, when the received signals at all angles are multiplied by a certain weight wopt in the step 3, the obtained result is equivalent to the receiving characteristic of the received signals with equal amplitude and same phase at all angles when the weight wopt is added at the receiving end;
and 4.2, according to the sequence that the pitch angle is from 0 to 90 degrees and the azimuth angle is from 0 to 360 degrees, the result of the received signal strength multiplied by the weight can be equivalent to the receiving gain of each angle in the receiving directional diagram of the current array. According to the result obtained by calculation, the x axis is a pitch angle of 0-90 degrees, the y axis is an azimuth angle of 0-360 degrees, the z axis is the receiving gain after the weighted value wopt of each angle is obtained by calculation, and the drawn 3-dimensional graph can be equivalent to an anti-interference receiving directional diagram formed by the array when the weighted value wopt is added by an antenna rear-end algorithm;
step 4.3, obtaining anti-interference reception direction diagrams of all interference direction angles: in step 3, the weight wopt in each interference direction is calculated, and the anti-interference receiving directional diagram formed by the array when all single interference directions come can be obtained only by performing steps 4.1-4.2 again.
And 5, analyzing the influence of the coupling on the performance of the receiving array when the receiving array is used for resisting disturbance from receiving direction diagrams corresponding to all angles with coupling and without coupling. The criteria for evaluation were: when the weight calculated by the interference at a certain angle is smaller in the receiving direction diagram, the better the anti-interference performance is. In addition, the influence of coupling on DOA estimation accuracy can be verified by the method. And the improvement condition of antenna receiving performance such as a coupling reduction measure is conveniently verified.
Step 5.1, comparing the anti-interference performance in a receiving directional diagram formed by respectively extracting a plurality of angle interferences under the coupling and non-coupling conditions, and analyzing the influence of the coupling on the anti-interference performance;
and 5.2, simulating the receiving signals without coupling and with coupling obtained in the step 2 by using a DOA algorithm to obtain the influence of the coupling on the DOA estimation precision.
The method can visually verify the change of the anti-interference performance after the adding and dropping coupling measures: and improving the array structure, modeling again, and repeating the steps 1 to 5 to obtain the anti-interference performance of the new array.
The simulation of this embodiment is modeled as a 4-circle array with a pitch of 80 mm. Fig. 3 and 4 are reception direction diagrams when the incoming direction of the incident signal is (50,250) in the case of no coupling and in the case of coupling, respectively, in the simulation. It can be seen that at the interference arrival (50,250), the receive gain with coupling is greater than the receive gain without coupling.
It can be concluded that: the coupling does not affect the position of the null in the reception pattern, but the depth becomes shallow (the reception gain becomes large), and the interference resistance becomes poor.
To verify the above conclusions, the location and depth of the null when there is no coupling and coupling are given for different incident signals by the "receive direction diagram method", limited to space.
The results for an array element spacing of 80mm are given below:
the results for an array element spacing of 100mm are given below:
it can be derived from the data in these two tables that only the depth of the null changes, the depth of the null under coupling becomes shallow, i.e. the anti-interference performance in the presence of coupling will become poor.
In addition, formula derivation is given to verify this conclusion:
in fig. 5, the received signal without coupling is S1,S2,S3,S4]When the signal is transmitted to the front surface, the signal received by the 4 antennas becomes S because of the coupling1',S2',S3',S4']. There are two weights in the graph, which are: the weights wopt of the ideal received signal and the weights wopt' of the array received signal.
For the case of no coupling, there is wopt ═ μ RX -1a(θ0) (μ is a constant, which can take 1; rXIs a covariance matrix of the received signal; a (theta)0) Is a constraint vector, and can take the value [1, 0, 0, 0 ] if the first channel is taken as the reference channel]) At this time, the signal is compared with the ideal signal [ S ]1,S2,S3,S4]The multiplication can minimize the power.
For the case of coupling, the coupled signal is [ S ]1',S2',S3',S4']T＝C·[S1,S2,S3,S4]T(C is the coupling matrix of the current array), and the weight after the LCMV algorithm operation is: wopt ═ μ RX -1C-1a(θ0)。
At this time, the process of the present invention,
wopt'·[S1',S2',S3',S4']T＝μRX -1C-1a(θ0)C·[S1,S2,S3,S4]T
≈μRX -1a(θ0)[S1,S2,S3,S4]T
＝wopt·[S1,S2,S3,S4]T
where the corner mark "T" represents the transpose of the matrix and the "-1" represents the inverse of the matrix.
It can be seen that in the presence of coupling, the array receives a signal S1',S2',S3',S4']And the calculated weight wopt' still effectively suppresses the interference. Algorithmically alone, this is not equivalent to the case without coupling, since one step in the above equation is approximately equal. And the simulation also shows that the anti-interference effect under the coupling is not as good as that under the ideal condition.
The formula derivation also verifies the conclusions in the simulation results in the receive direction graph approach: the coupling does not change the actual null position, what is changed is the depth of the null, i.e. the immunity.
Claims (2)
1. A method for analyzing the effect of coupling on reception characteristics based on a reception direction diagram method, comprising the steps of:
step 1, establishing a simulation array model by using FEKO software, setting a fixed phase difference between a parameter and an incident signal, simulating the model, and acquiring a plurality of output files comprising snapshot signals, wherein the output files comprise received data and English descriptions;
step 2, processing the received data in each output file by adopting Java programming to obtain a file only containing the received data;
step 3, acquiring the weight values of all incident angles forming the null by adopting an LCMV algorithm for the file in the step 2;
step 4, acquiring anti-interference receiving directional diagrams under all incident angles based on the weight;
step 5, analyzing the shadow of the coupling anti-interference performance according to the anti-interference receiving directional diagram;
in step 1, if the model is established when receiving data without coupling is obtained, the model is established as follows: establishing simulation models with the same number as the antennas according to the layout of the array, wherein only one antenna unit is placed in each simulation model, and the positions of the antenna units in each model are different and correspond to the layout under the array one by one;
the specific process of obtaining the output file of the receiving data under coupling in the step 1 is as follows:
step 1.1.1, establishing a simulation array model by using FEKO software, and setting parameters, wherein the parameters comprise a matching load value connected with a port, a vacuum medium space where the model is located, current output on the matching load, double-precision solving precision, a scanning pitch angle range of an incident signal and a scanning azimuth angle range of the incident signal;
step 1.1.2, setting a fixed phase difference for each incident signal, so that the phases of adjacent incident signals are delayed by the same fixed phase difference;
step 1.1.3, the model is simulated, and one out is output once per simulationiFile, the outiThe file contains a snapshot signal of all antennas in the array, and i is an index value of the snapshot;
the specific process of acquiring the output file without coupling is as follows:
step 1.2.1, establishing a model of each antenna unit by adopting FEKO software, and setting parameters, wherein the parameters comprise a matching load value connected with a port, a medium space where the model is located is vacuum, current on an output matching load, double-precision solving precision, a scanning pitch angle range of an incident signal and a scanning azimuth angle range of the incident signal;
step 1.2.2, setting a fixed phase difference for each incident signal, so that the phases of adjacent incident signals are delayed by the same fixed phase difference;
step 1.2.3, carrying out simulation operation on the jth antenna unit model, and outputting one out every time of simulationijFile, the outijThe file contains a snapshot signal of a jth antenna unit model, and i is an index value of a snapshot;
the specific process of the step 2 for processing the received data without coupling is as follows:
step 2.1, get each out of FEKO's outputiAll received data and English descriptions in the file;
step 2.2, adopt Java to program every outiThe received data in the file is processed as follows:
searching English Segment loads on the received data of each incident angle, respectively taking out the real part and the imaginary part of the received signal of each antenna unit below according to the character Segment in the row, and storing the real part and the imaginary part into corresponding txt according to the sequence of the pitch angle from small to large and the azimuth angle from small to largeiIn a file;
the specific process of processing the received data under coupling in step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1, acquiring received data and English descriptions in output files of all snapshots of all antenna units output by the FEKO;
step 2.2, adopt Java to program every outijThe received data in the file is processed as follows:
searching English Segment loads on the received data of each incident angle, respectively taking out the real part and the imaginary part of the received signal of each antenna unit below according to the character Segment in the line after searching, and storing the real part and the imaginary part into corresponding cache files according to the sequence of the pitch angle from small to large and the azimuth angle from small to large;
step 2.3, for the received data in all the cache files, storing the received data of all the antenna units under the incident signals with the same angle under the ith snapshot into corresponding txt according to the sequence of the pitch angle from small to large, the azimuth angle from small to large and the serial number of the antennaiIn the file；
The specific process of the step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1, all txtiAll the received data of the angles in the file are imported into Matlab, and all snapshot signals on all matched loads of the jth angle are taken out as follows
Wherein M is the number of channels of the model array, and N is the number of incident signals;
step 3.2, obtaining the weight wopt of the ith angle forming null by using an LCMV algorithmi；
Step 3.3, repeating the steps 3.1 and 3.2, and calculating the weights wopt corresponding to all the incident angles;
the specific process of the step 4 is as follows:
step 4.1, forming a null weight wopt by adopting the ith incident angleiCarrying out matrix multiplication on the received data of each incident angle in Matlab to obtain a received data intensity result;
step 4.2, acquiring a three-dimensional graph for representing an anti-interference receiving directional diagram under the ith incident angle according to the results of the intensity of the received data of the x axis as a pitching angle, the y axis as an azimuth angle and the z axis;
and 4.3, repeating the steps 4.1 and 4.2 to obtain anti-interference receiving directional diagrams at all incidence angles.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the analysis method of step 5 is: when the weight wopt corresponding to a certain incident angle is in the anti-interference receiving directional diagram, the receiving gain is minimum, which indicates that the anti-interference performance is best at the moment.
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| CN106991217A (en) | 2017-07-28 |
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