CN106990116A - A kind of water body remote-sensing monitoring method and device - Google Patents
A kind of water body remote-sensing monitoring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106990116A CN106990116A CN201710328453.0A CN201710328453A CN106990116A CN 106990116 A CN106990116 A CN 106990116A CN 201710328453 A CN201710328453 A CN 201710328453A CN 106990116 A CN106990116 A CN 106990116A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/94—Investigating contamination, e.g. dust
Abstract
The invention belongs to water quality monitoring field, more particularly to remote sensing water quality monitoring.A kind of water body remote sensing monitoring apparatus and method, including imaging moiety and floating fraction, the imaging moiety include：Space flight or the remotely sensed image device of air remote sensing platform.The floating fraction includes：Anchor, support meanss, flotation gear and blank.The present invention reduces some errors in the extraction process in waters in the case where geometric resolution is not very high, improves the accuracy of the monitoring to water quality of river.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water quality monitoring field, more particularly to remote sensing water quality monitoring.
Background technology
The conventional meanses to water quality monitoring are to gather water sample by laying sampled point in monitoring waters at this stage, pass through reality
Test the various material compositions that Instrumental Analysis obtains polluted water, and then analyze the pollution situation of water quality, various polluters it is dense
Degree.What this method was obtained is the water quality condition of sampled point sampling instant, it is impossible to obtain the pollution situation in whole waters.If adopted
The water environment for being distributed waters to wide areas such as river, lakes in this way implements face covering monitoring, is not only a consumption very big
The work of manpower, material resources and financial resources, in addition it is difficult to can not implement.
Remote-sensing monitoring method is taken in the monitoring to water body facial contamination at present.Planar water is carried out based on multi-spectral remote sensing image
The basic data of domain pollution monitoring and research is multi-spectral remote sensing image.Image picture elements value be water body volume scattering emittance from
The spectral energy and water-reflected energy of water Returning sensor are the superposition of main body.External radiation energy is entering water body process
In, also in scattering while absorption by water body.Projectile energy is in water body is entered, with the increase of the path length of transmission, inhales
Receive and scattering signatures are also changing, emittance penetration depth is relevant with the pollution of water body.Depth from water scattering energy to also can
Produce influence.The high profundal zone projectile energy of transparency is attenuated a lot, finally from water radiation energy during downward transmission
Amount is very low.In the high water body phytal zone of transparency, still relatively strong up to after riverbed and the bottom, riverbed and underwater reflection spectrum are radiated
Energy also serves as being partly into remote sensor from water emittance.Penetration depth of the electromagnetic wave in water is one with dirt
Contaminate the function of change in concentration.When pollutant concentration prevents emittance from reaching water body substrate and pollution concentration distribution in water body
When uneven, the penetration depth of emittance throughout just constitutes the deep face such as non-.When the depth of water is shallower, with pollution level correlation
Relatively low bed material reflected energy also turns into a part for reflected energy.Due to the actual rivers,lakes and seas of nature water quality and
Change in depth is a kind of random uncertain combination condition, the light more of multispectral remote sensing quantitative inversion water quality parameter model
It is not to be obtained under a kind of same environmental conditions to compose view data.Remote-sensing image spectrum energy is now based on to the anti-of pollution
Drill and all have ignored " water body volume scattering depth is different ", " riverbed and Lake Water bottom substrate difference " this premise, therefore based on these
Inverse model has birth defects derived from image, and its resultant error is larger, and data validity is relatively low, universality and availability
It is poor.So the method for the existing quantitative analysis for being used to pollute based on remote sensing images can not be practical.
The content of the invention
The present invention is solves the deficiencies in the prior art, and the spectral reflectivity based on water body devises a kind of remote sensing prison of water body
Device is surveyed, for carrying out remote sensing monitoring to planar water body.
A kind of water body remote sensing monitoring device, including imaging moiety and floating fraction,
The imaging moiety includes：
Space flight or the remotely sensed image device of air remote sensing platform, wherein, the imaging device is used to shoot, store water body table
Face image,
The floating fraction includes：
Anchor 1, the position for fixing the water body remote sensing monitoring device, wherein, the water body remote sensing monitoring device is existed
Displacement under water movement environment remains at the scope of error permission, and error range is empirical value,
The blank 4 at water body different depth is fixed on, wherein, the blank 4 has identical reflection characteristic,
The support meanss 2 of anchor 1 and blank 4 are connected, wherein, the support meanss 2 are rigid structure, for fixing blank 4
With connection anchor 1,
Flotation gear 3, in support meanss 2, wherein, the flotation gear 3 is used to make the water body remote sensing monitoring
Device can keep certain posture and depth in water body.
Further, 2 points of the support meanss are above water and underwater portion, wherein, bottom and the anchor 1 of underwater portion
It is connected, flotation gear 3 is arranged on the underwater portion of support meanss 2, and the above water of support meanss 2 and underwater portion are connected respectively
There is blank 4, the blank 4 being connected with the underwater portion of support meanss 2 is referred to as blank 4 under water, is connected with the above water of support meanss 2
Blank 4 is referred to as blank 4 waterborne.
Further, the quantity of the blank waterborne 4 is more than or equal to 1, and the quantity of the blank under water 4 is more than or equal to 2.
Further, the blank under water 4 is at the different depth of water.
Further, it is 5CM, 10CM or 20CM that the blank under water 4, which has with elevation of water difference,.
Further, blank 4 is not overlapped each other on horizontal level under water.
Further, 2 times of the yardstick of blank 4 more than or equal to imager pixel ground yardstick.
Further, blank 4 waterborne and under water the horizontal range between blank 4 be more than or equal to imaging device ground yardstick
3 pixels.
A kind of remote-sensing monitoring method of water body, comprises the following steps：
S1, in monitored area multiple spot arrange water body remote sensing monitoring device floating fraction；
S2, it is imaged using the imaging moiety of water body remote sensing monitoring device, while obtaining a water body remote sensing monitoring dress
The data of the blank under water 4 for the floating fraction put and the spectral reflectance energy of blank waterborne 4；
S3, the data based on spectral reflectance energy described in S2 calculate the spectral reflectivity of the blank under water 4 of different depth；
S4, the floating fraction for the water body remote sensing monitoring device arranged to multiple spot in monitored area carry out traversing operation, traversal
S2-S3, draws blank 4 under water of the different depth of the floating fraction for the whole water body remote sensing monitoring devices arranged in monitored area
Spectral reflectivity, is denoted as A；
S5, the spectral energy pixel by the neighborhood natural water of the floating fraction of water body remote sensing monitoring device in monitored area
Value sets up mapping relations with A described in S4, and radiation energy value is carried out to full images pixel value to the conversion of reflectance value；
Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance image in S6, generation monitored area；
S7, the relationship based on Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance image and contamination index described in S6, the net node of composition it
Between interpolation generation monitoring waters contamination index's thematic map.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
In the case where geometric resolution is not very high, some errors in the extraction process in waters are reduced, are improved pair
The accuracy of the monitoring of water quality of river.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention figure profile.
Fig. 2 is the interaction schematic diagram of electromagnetic wave and water body.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, technical scheme is described in detail.
First, the index to remote sensing technology water quality monitoring is introduced：
Physical index, including temperature and suspension.
Thermal pollution water body is monitored by thermal infrared technology, contrasted with the water body of standard, you can is completed to temperature
The monitoring of degree.
For non-pigmented suspension, it is to the strong scattering of electromagnetic radiation, with increasing for concentration of suspension, can cause originally
Strong radiation is shown on the not strong wave band of radiation, according to scattering properties of the suspension to water body, with concentration of suspension
Increase, its reflectivity will increase in whole wave-length coverage.
Chemical index, including yellow substance.
Yellow substance main component be dissolved organic carbon, its Huanghe River Estuary be blue wave band show as absorb and
And strong scattering is shown as in yellow band, according to these features remote sensing monitoring can be carried out to yellow substance.
In Biological indicators, including chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll affects the production capacity of biology, its content as the photosynthetic main pigment of aquatic plant
The nutrition condition of water-outlet body can also be reflected, be a critically important index in water quality monitoring.
Other indexs, including common material, such as oil, PH, BOD, COD.
Monitoring for oil pollution can utilize the mode of ultraviolet remote sensing, for other materials, typically take indirectly
Method monitor, usually introduce an intermediate quantity, by the monitoring to intermediate quantity, be finally converted to monitoring object material
Monitoring.
The embodiment of the present invention is from matt ceramic blank as blank waterborne and under water blank.Standard ceramic blank is compared to poly-
The advantage that tetrafluoroethene material blank has stain resistance and cleaned repeatedly, measures it in wave band with imaging spectrometer in atmosphere
On blank energy value；Secondly, standard white plate is placed in water sample test container and fixed, certain suspension is added into container
The river water sample of concentration, the energy value of water body weight blank is measured with imaging spectrometer.In the suspended material and difference of various concentrations
Depth is it is observed that the transmittance of material is different under water body, and concentration is to show negative correlation with depth and transmissivity
, it is assumed that concentration and the depth energy affect each to sensor are E0；Finally, by the change of concentration and depth, to observe
Sensor receive energy value change, thus just can with to sensor receive emittanceIts formula is as follows： The device is partly to be disposed with blank, device on a device for floating on the water surface (Fig. 1), the water surface of device
In different depth of water position holding multiple pieces blanks, be distributed in the blank of different spatial it is vertical be imaged or be inclined to picture when all
Can clearly it be separated on image space.After aircraft carries the imaging of the multiband remote sensing sensor alignment waters, just obtain
The position directly reflection and the water spectral energy for Bu Tong giving blank scattered reflection at the depth of water more than the water surface.On the water surface
The pixel value of blank carries out ratio proccessing in the pixel value and water of blank, obtains related to polluted-water index anti-at the device
Penetrate rate image.The corresponding pollution index value of the pixel value can be finally inversed by by albedo image.The nature of the device present position
The water pollution index of state is thereby determined that.Image picture elements value of nature water body forms it as normative reference at using this
Contamination index's planar distribution map of surrounding water.
By multiple device reasonable layouts of the present invention in river, many places in lake, multiple planar waters of formation are dirty
Parameter is contaminated, bigger facial contamination distribution map is connected as.
S1, as shown in figure 1, in monitored area multiple spot arrange water body remote sensing monitoring device floating fraction；
S2, it is imaged using the imaging moiety of water body remote sensing monitoring device, while obtaining a water body remote sensing monitoring dress
The data of the blank under water 4 for the floating fraction put and the spectral reflectance energy of blank waterborne 4；
S3, the data based on spectral reflectance energy described in S2 calculate the spectral reflectivity of the blank under water 4 of different depth；
S4, the floating fraction for the water body remote sensing monitoring device arranged to multiple spot in monitored area carry out traversing operation, traversal
S2-S3, draws blank 4 under water of the different depth of the floating fraction for the whole water body remote sensing monitoring devices arranged in monitored area
Spectral reflectivity, is denoted as A；
S5, the spectral energy pixel by the neighborhood natural water of the floating fraction of water body remote sensing monitoring device in monitored area
Value sets up mapping relations with A described in S4, and radiation energy value is carried out to full images pixel value to the conversion of reflectance value；
Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance image in S6, generation monitored area；
S7, the relationship based on Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance image and contamination index described in S6, the net node of composition it
Between interpolation generation monitoring waters contamination index's thematic map.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of water body remote sensing monitoring device, including imaging moiety and floating fraction, it is characterised in that：
The imaging moiety includes：
Space flight or the remotely sensed image device of air remote sensing platform, wherein, the imaging device is used to shoot, store water surface figure
Picture,
The floating fraction includes：
Anchor (1), the position for fixing the water body remote sensing monitoring device, wherein, make the water body remote sensing monitoring device in water
Displacement under stream movement environment remains at the scope of error permission, and error range is empirical value,
The blank (4) at water body different depth is fixed on, wherein, the blank (4) has identical reflection characteristic,
The support meanss (2) of anchor (1) and blank (4) are connected, wherein, the support meanss (2) are rigid structure, for fixed white
Plate (4) and connection anchor (1),
Flotation gear (3), in support meanss (2), wherein, the flotation gear (3) is used to supervise the water body remote sensing
Certain posture and depth can be kept in water body by surveying device.
2. a kind of water body remote sensing monitoring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The support meanss (2) are divided into
Above water and underwater portion, wherein, the bottom of underwater portion is connected with anchor (1), and flotation gear (3) is arranged on support meanss
(2) underwater portion, support meanss (2) above water and underwater portion are connected to blank (4), with support meanss (2)
The connected blank (4) of underwater portion is referred to as blank (4) under water, and the blank (4) being connected with support meanss (2) above water is referred to as water
Upper blank (4).
3. a kind of water body remote sensing monitoring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The number of the blank waterborne (4)
Amount is more than or equal to (1), and the quantity of the blank under water (4) is more than or equal to (2).
4. a kind of water body remote sensing monitoring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The blank under water (4) is in
At the different depth of water.
5. a kind of water body remote sensing monitoring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The blank under water (4) have with
Elevation of water difference is 5CM, (1) 0CM or (2) 0CM.
6. a kind of water body remote sensing monitoring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Blank (4) is in horizontal position under water
Put and do not overlap each other.
7. a kind of water body remote sensing monitoring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The yardstick of blank (4) be more than etc.
In (2) of imager pixel ground yardstick times.
8. a kind of water body remote sensing monitoring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Blank (4) waterborne with it is white under water
Horizontal range between plate (4) is more than or equal to (3) individual pixel of imaging device ground yardstick.
9. a kind of remote-sensing monitoring method of water body, comprises the following steps：
S1, in monitored area multiple spot arrange water body remote sensing monitoring device floating fraction；
S2, it is imaged using the imaging moiety of water body remote sensing monitoring device, while obtaining water body remote sensing monitoring device
The data of the blank under water (4) of floating fraction and the spectral reflectance energy of blank waterborne (4)；
S3, the data based on spectral reflectance energy described in S2 calculate the spectral reflectivity of the blank under water (4) of different depth；
S4, the floating fraction for the water body remote sensing monitoring device arranged to multiple spot in monitored area carry out traversing operation, travel through S2-
S3, draws the blank under water (4) of the different depth of the floating fraction for the whole water body remote sensing monitoring devices arranged in monitored area
Spectral reflectivity, is denoted as A；
S5, by the spectral energy pixel value of the neighborhood natural water of the floating fraction of water body remote sensing monitoring device in monitored area with
A sets up mapping relations described in S4, and radiation energy value is carried out to full images pixel value to the conversion of reflectance value；
Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance image in S6, generation monitored area；
In between S7, the relationship based on Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance image and contamination index described in S6, the net node of composition
Insert contamination index's thematic map in generation monitoring waters.
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| CN201710328453.0A CN106990116A (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2017-05-11 | A kind of water body remote-sensing monitoring method and device |
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| CN201710328453.0A CN106990116A (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2017-05-11 | A kind of water body remote-sensing monitoring method and device |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN108088819A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A kind of hand-held sediment underwater spectral measurement instrument |
| WO2019196154A1 (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-17 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Apparatus and method for measuring reflectivity of seabed sediments |
| CN111707349A (en) * | 2020-06-25 | 2020-09-25 | 河南理工大学 | Remote sensing water multi-angle polarization monitoring devices |
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| CN105445751A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-30 | 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所 | Shallow water area water depth ratio remote sensing inversion method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108088819A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A kind of hand-held sediment underwater spectral measurement instrument |
| CN108088819B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2020-08-18 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Hand-held type seabed bottom matter is spectral measurement appearance under water |
| WO2019196154A1 (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-17 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Apparatus and method for measuring reflectivity of seabed sediments |
| US11162891B2 (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2021-11-02 | South China Sea Institute Of Oceanology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Apparatus and method for measuring reflectivity of seabed sediments |
| CN111707349A (en) * | 2020-06-25 | 2020-09-25 | 河南理工大学 | Remote sensing water multi-angle polarization monitoring devices |
| CN111707349B (en) * | 2020-06-25 | 2021-10-29 | 河南理工大学 | Remote sensing water multi-angle polarization monitoring devices |
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