CN1069882C - Wet chemical pretreatment process - Google Patents

Wet chemical pretreatment process Download PDF

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CN1069882C
CN1069882C CN97108293A CN97108293A CN1069882C CN 1069882 C CN1069882 C CN 1069882C CN 97108293 A CN97108293 A CN 97108293A CN 97108293 A CN97108293 A CN 97108293A CN 1069882 C CN1069882 C CN 1069882C
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solid
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CN1217294A (en
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何伯泉
李小斌
刘桂华
彭志宏
张传福
周秋生
龙远志
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Central South University
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Central South University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a chemical beneficiation process for upgrading middle-low grade bauxite ore, which is mainly characterized in that sodium aluminate solution in which causticity ratio alpha k is greater than 80, and Na2Ok is greater than 250 g/L is adopted to treat the middle-low grade bauxite ore under the condition that reaction temperature is from 80 to 110 DEG C and reaction time is from 20 to 120 min through solid-liquid separation treatment so that ore concentrate is obtained, and aluminium-silica ratio is greater than 8, which meets the requirements for producing alumina by using Bayer process, and the present invention simplifies technological condition, reduces environmental pollution, and forms a process suitable for treating middle-low grade bauxite ore and using chemical beneficiation-Bayer process to produce alumina.

Description

The chemical mineral processing technology of wet chemistry pre-treatment middle-low bauxite
The present invention relates to improve the chemical mineral processing technology of middle-low bauxite grade.It comprises steps such as ore grinding and pre-treatment, solid-liquid separation, silica removal, heavy aluminium.
Adopt producing aluminium oxide by bayer, its technical process is simple, good product quality, and also energy consumption is low, and every technico-economical comparison is good, however this method requires alumina silica ratio (A/S) height of bauxite, necessary＞8.For satisfy Bayer process to bauxite aluminium-silicon than high requirement, people studied employing Physical (such as selective flocculation, flotation, washing and screening etc.), bioanalysis (such as the bacterium desiliconization), chemical method (such as the high-temperature roasting pre-desiliconizing) and processed middle-low bauxite to improve the alumina silica ratio of ore.These methods still are in research, the exploration.
USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was once handled middle-low bauxite with sodium aluminate solution or pure liquid caustic, and siliceous mineral is decomposed, and bauxite grade improves.As with low causticity than (α K＜1.7) solution-treated bauxite is because SiO in its solution 2Concentration is low, obtain 1 ton of high-grade bauxite concentrate and need 30m 3Solution, and solution viscosity is big, and Separation of Solid and Liquid is difficulty.If with high α K(about 20), concentrated base (450～500g/L Na 2O K) solution-treated bauxite, though bauxite grade is improved, because its alkali concn is too high, the solution circulation difficulty.For solution circulated, more than two kinds of resulting silicon-aluminum containing acid sodium solutions of method all be to remove silicon with the method that generates the sodium white residue, in order to reclaim alkali and the aluminum oxide in this slag, suggestion with sintering process or high pressure water chemical Treatment it.Just not yet application implementation.
Adopting Baeyer for middle-low bauxite at present--sintering combination method or sintering process are processed.Have long flow path, complex process, energy consumption is big, drawbacks such as poor product quality, especially contaminate environment.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wet chemical pretreatment process, to improve the alumina silica ratio of middle-low bauxite, satisfy the requirement of producing aluminium oxide by bayer, solve the problem of solution silica removal and heavy aluminium simultaneously, make solution energy circular treatment next batch ore, constitute a recycle system, form complete wet chemistry ore dressing--producing aluminium oxide by bayer novel process.
The present invention is that the main technical schemes that adopts that achieves the above object is:
(1) preprocessing process of bauxite: with α KGreater than 80, Na 2O KThe sodium aluminate solution of＞250g/L, reaction temperature are between 80～110 ℃, and the reaction time is 20～120min, pretreated liquid-solid ratio is processed the middle-low bauxite of alumina silica ratio 4～7, after Separation of Solid and Liquid greater than 8, the gained solid phase is the concentrate of high aluminium silicon ratio, send the Bayer process system.
(2) the silica removal process of solution: the liquid phase after the solid-liquid separation is siliceous sodium aluminate solution, and solution is greater than 100 ℃ the time, by molecular ratio CaO/SiO 2Be 1.0～2.0 adding lime, the time is 20～120min, reaction back solid-liquid separation, and solid phase is not aluminiferous hydration silico-calcium compound.After washing, can get byproduct--wollastonite is discharged system.
(3) removal process of aluminium in the solution: remove the solution behind the silicon, add lime after, make aluminium be converted into the aluminate hydrates calcium deposit, but it sent into bayer's process system replacing lime, reclaim aluminium simultaneously.Solution is less than 90 ℃ the time, by molecular proportion CaO/Al 2O 3Greater than 2.5 adding lime, the reaction time, solid phase was calcium aluminate hydrates in order to be not less than 2h, and liquid phase is α KSodium aluminate solution greater than 80, solution can be used for circular treatment next group ore after the Separation of Solid and Liquid.
Positively effect of the present invention has obtained following demonstrating fully:
Adopt pure wet chemical pretreatment process, improved middle-low bauxite ore alumina silica ratio, satisfied the requirement of producing aluminium oxide by bayer, simplified process conditions, greatly reduce energy consumption, reduced production cost, reduced the pollution to environment.And most of silicon is discharged the Bayer process system before high pressure digestion, but not only twice laid also reduced and scabbed, reduced the logistics capacity of Baeyer system, formed the chemical mineral processing of suitable processing middle-low bauxite--producing aluminium oxide by bayer new technology.Also will be conducive to simultaneously the further utilization of red mud, for condition has been created in other development and use of bauxite (as: alloy is produced in the direct molten-salt electrolysis of diaspore ore).
Be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Accompanying drawing is the chemical mineral processing process flow sheet of wet chemistry pre-treatment middle-low bauxite.
Accompanying drawing has been described the chemical mineral processing technology of wet chemistry preliminary treatment middle-low bauxite Overall process. Its step is:
1. bauxite preprocessing process--comprise ore grinding, preliminary treatment and Separation of Solid and Liquid: utilize the otherness of siliceous mineral and a diaspore and alkaline reaction, make that siliceous mineral decomposes in the middle poor value (A/S4～7), with αKGreater than 80, Na2O KThe sodium aluminate of＞250g/L Solution, between 80～110 ℃ of reaction temperatures, the time is 20～120min, and is pretreated Liquid-solid ratio is greater than 8, and after Separation of Solid and Liquid, the gained solid phase is alumina silica ratio greater than 8.5 concentrate, Send the Bayer process system.
2. the silica removal process of solution: the liquid phase after the Separation of Solid and Liquid is siliceous sodium aluminate solution, and solution is greater than 100 ℃ the time, by molecular proportion CaO/SiO2Be 1.0～2.0 adding lime, Time is 20～120min, Separation of Solid and Liquid after the reaction, and solid phase is not for containing the hydration silico-calcium of aluminium Compound. After washing, can get byproduct--wollastonite is discharged system.
3. the removal process of aluminium in the solution: remove the solution behind the silicon, add lime after, make aluminium Be converted into the aluminate hydrates calcium precipitate, it sent into the Bayer process system can replace lime, return simultaneously Receive aluminium. Solution is less than 90 ℃ the time, by molecular proportion CaO/Al2O 3Greater than 2.5 adding lime, the reaction time, solid phase was calcium aluminate hydrates in order to be not less than 2h, and liquid phase is αKGreater than 80 Sodium aluminate solution, solution can be used for circular treatment next group ore after the Separation of Solid and Liquid.
Thereby also just form the wet of a complete efficient preliminary treatment middle-low bauxite Forensic chemistry ore dressing--producing aluminium oxide by bayer technology.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
1. the Chemical Pretreatment of bauxite: select bauxite, its alumina silica ratio A/S4.7, wherein-200 order is greater than 80%, with Na 2O K300g/L, Al 2O 3Process for the sodium aluminate solution of 1.92g/L, liquid-solid ratio is 10, and reaction temperature is 95 ℃, and reaction 50min after Separation of Solid and Liquid, obtains the alumina silica ratio A/S9.65 of concentrate;
Perhaps select 100 ℃ of temperature of reaction for use, behind the reaction 30min, the A/S that obtains concentrate is 9.97;
2. the silica removal process of solution: the liquid phase after the Separation of Solid and Liquid, i.e. siliceous sodium aluminate solution is by molecular proportion CaO/SiO 21.51 join lime, under 180 ℃, behind the reaction 60min, product the analysis showed that through X-ray diffraction and is silico-calcium compound, the SiO in the solution 2Be 0.603g/L only, and aluminium does not lose;
3. aluminium removal process in the solution: to the surplus solution behind the silica removal, by molecular proportion CaO/Al 2O 3Be 3 to join lime, in the time of 50 ℃, behind the reaction 8h, Al in the solution 2O 3Be 2.08g/L, Al in the solution behind the reaction 10h 2O 3Be 1.925g/L;
Perhaps by molecular proportion CaO/Al 2O 3Be 4 to join lime, react 8h under the similarity condition, Al in the solution 2O 3Be 0.65g/L.
Embodiment 2:
1. the Chemical Pretreatment of bauxite: select the A/S5.7 of bauxite, wherein-200 order is greater than 80%, with Na 2O K300g/L, Al 2O 3Process for the sodium aluminate solution of 1.4g/L, liquid-solid ratio is 10,100 ℃ of reaction temperatures, and reaction 45min, after Separation of Solid and Liquid, the A/S that obtains concentrate is 14.48;
Perhaps select 95 ℃ of temperature of reaction for use, behind the reaction 65min, the A/S that obtains concentrate is 14.26;
2. the silica removal process of solution: the liquid phase after the Separation of Solid and Liquid, i.e. siliceous sodium aluminate solution is by molecular proportion CaO/SiO 21.51 join lime, under 180 ℃, behind the reaction 60min, product the analysis showed that through X-ray diffraction and is silico-calcium compound, SiO in the solution 2Be 0.603g/L only, and aluminium does not lose;
3. aluminium removal process in the solution: to the surplus solution behind the silica removal, by molecular proportion CaO/Al 2O 3Be 3 to join lime, in the time of 50 ℃, reaction 8h, Al in the solution 2O 3Be 2.08g/L, Al in the solution behind the reaction 10h 2O 31.925g/L;
Perhaps by molecular proportion CaO/Al 2O 3Be 4 to join lime, react 8h under the similarity condition, Al in the solution 2O 3Be 0.65g/L.

Claims (3)

1. the chemical mineral processing technology of wet chemistry pre-treatment middle-low bauxite relates to the chemical mineral processing technology that improves the middle-low bauxite grade, and it comprises ore grinding and pre-treatment, solid-liquid separation, silica removal, sink step such as aluminium, it is characterized in that:
(1) preprocessing process of bauxite: compare α with causticity KGreater than 80, Na 2O kThe sodium aluminate solution of＞250g/L, reaction temperature are between 80～110 ℃, and the reaction time is 20～120min, pretreated liquid-solid ratio is greater than 8, and the processing alumina silica ratio is 4～7 middle-low bauxite, after Separation of Solid and Liquid, the gained solid phase is the concentrate of high aluminium silicon ratio, send the Bayer process system;
(2) the silica removal process of solution: the liquid phase after the solid-liquid separation is siliceous sodium aluminate solution, and solution is greater than 100 ℃ the time, by molecular ratio CaO/SiO 2Be 1.0～2.0 adding lime, the reaction times is 20～120min, reaction back solid-liquid separation, and solid phase is not aluminiferous hydration silico-calcium compound, can get byproduct after washing--wollastonite is discharged system;
(3) removal process of aluminium in the solution: remove the solution behind the silicon, add lime after, make aluminium be converted into the aluminate hydrates calcium precipitate, it is sent into the Bayer process system can replace lime, reclaim simultaneously aluminium, solution is less than 90 ℃ the time, by molecular proportion CaO/Al 2O 3Greater than 2.5 adding lime, the reaction time, solid phase was calcium aluminate hydrates in order to be not less than 2h, and liquid phase is α KSodium aluminate solution greater than 80, solution can be used for circular treatment next group ore after the Separation of Solid and Liquid.
2. the chemical mineral processing technology of wet chemistry pre-treatment middle-low bauxite according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The Chemical Pretreatment of bauxite: select bauxite, its alumina silica ratio A/S4.7, wherein-200 order is greater than 80%, with Na 2O K300g/L, Al 2O 3Process for the sodium aluminate solution of 1.92g/L, liquid-solid ratio is 10, and reaction temperature is 95 ℃, and reaction 50min after Separation of Solid and Liquid, obtains the alumina silica ratio A/S9.65 of concentrate;
Perhaps select 100 ℃ of temperature of reaction for use, behind the reaction 30min, the A/S that obtains concentrate is 9.97;
The silica removal process of solution: to the liquid phase after the Separation of Solid and Liquid, namely siliceous sodium aluminate solution is pressed molecular proportion CaO/SiO 21.51 join lime, under 180 ℃, behind the reaction 60min, product the analysis showed that through X-ray diffraction and is silico-calcium compound, the SiO in the solution 2Be 0.603g/L only, and aluminium does not lose;
Aluminium removal process in the solution: to the surplus solution behind the silica removal, by molecular proportion CaO/Al 2O 3Be 3 to join lime, in the time of 50 ℃, behind the reaction 8h, Al in the solution 2O 3Be 2.08g/L, Al in the solution behind the reaction 10h 2O 3Be 1.925g/L;
Perhaps by molecular proportion CaO/Al 2O 3Be 4 to join lime, react 8h under the similarity condition, Al in the solution 2O 3Be 0.65g/L.
3. wet chemical pretreatment process according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The Chemical Pretreatment of bauxite: select the A/S5.7 of bauxite, wherein-200 order is greater than 80%, with Na 2O K300g/L, Al 2O 3Process for the sodium aluminate solution of 1.4g/L, liquid-solid ratio is 10,100 ℃ of reaction temperatures, and reaction 45min, after Separation of Solid and Liquid, the A/S that obtains concentrate is 14.48;
Perhaps select 95 ℃ of temperature of reaction for use, behind the reaction 65min, the A/S that obtains concentrate is 14.26;
The silica removal process of solution: to the liquid phase after the solid phase separation, namely siliceous sodium aluminate solution is pressed molecular proportion CaO/SiO 21.51 join lime, under 180 ℃, behind the reaction 60min, product the analysis showed that through X-ray diffraction and is silico-calcium compound, SiO in the solution 2Be 0.603g/L only, and aluminium does not lose;
Aluminium removal process in the solution: to the surplus solution behind the silica removal, by molecular proportion CaO/Al 2O 3Be 3 to join lime, in the time of 50 ℃, behind the reaction 8h, Al in the solution 2O 3Be 2.08g/L, Al in the solution behind the reaction 10h 2O 3Be 1.925g/L;
Perhaps by molecular proportion CaO/Al 2O 3Be 4 to join lime, react 8h under the similarity condition, Al in the solution 2O 3Be 0.65g/L.
CN97108293A 1997-11-07 1997-11-07 Wet chemical pretreatment process Expired - Fee Related CN1069882C (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100441708C (en) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-10 中国铝业股份有限公司 Stripping method for diasporite type bauxite

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102070166B (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-10-10 中国铝业股份有限公司 Improved method for producing aluminium oxide by medium-low-grade bauxite
CN102328943A (en) * 2011-06-21 2012-01-25 中国铝业股份有限公司 Comprehensive utilization method of aluminum-containing minerals
CN102730725A (en) * 2012-06-21 2012-10-17 中国铝业股份有限公司 Method for improving caustic ratio of Barer process seeded precipitation mother solution
CN106032285B (en) * 2015-03-13 2017-10-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of recovery method of aluminum oxide

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4483830A (en) * 1981-09-10 1984-11-20 Comalco Limited Production of alumina
CN1005251B (en) * 1987-04-10 1989-09-27 河北农业大学 metallographic specimen polishing machine
CN1045254A (en) * 1989-01-31 1990-09-12 艾尔坎国际有限公司 From improving one's methods of bauxite into alumina
CN1017188B (en) * 1988-06-01 1992-06-24 哈特曼·布劳恩有限公司 Nondispersive type infra-red photometer calibrating apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4483830A (en) * 1981-09-10 1984-11-20 Comalco Limited Production of alumina
CN1005251B (en) * 1987-04-10 1989-09-27 河北农业大学 metallographic specimen polishing machine
CN1017188B (en) * 1988-06-01 1992-06-24 哈特曼·布劳恩有限公司 Nondispersive type infra-red photometer calibrating apparatus
CN1045254A (en) * 1989-01-31 1990-09-12 艾尔坎国际有限公司 From improving one's methods of bauxite into alumina

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100441708C (en) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-10 中国铝业股份有限公司 Stripping method for diasporite type bauxite

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