CN106986662B - Solar heat-absorbing ceramic material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Solar heat-absorbing ceramic material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN106986662B
CN106986662B CN201710214798.3A CN201710214798A CN106986662B CN 106986662 B CN106986662 B CN 106986662B CN 201710214798 A CN201710214798 A CN 201710214798A CN 106986662 B CN106986662 B CN 106986662B
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应沛亮
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Yaoling Guangdong New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Jingxian Fanze Technology Service Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a solar heat-absorbing ceramic material which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-40 parts of silicon nitride, 15-40 parts of boron nitride, 5-15 parts of titanium silicide, 5-15 parts of tantalum carbide, 5-12 parts of chromium oxide, 5-12 parts of aluminum oxide, 2-7 parts of sodium silicate, 2-5 parts of boron oxide and 2-3 parts of manganese monoxide. The invention adopts an organic foam impregnation process to prepare the heat-absorbing ceramic material with good high-temperature oxidation resistance, good thermal shock resistance, a three-dimensional network structure, a high specific surface and high thermal conductivity, and is particularly suitable for tower-type solar thermal power generation heat absorbers.

Description

Solar heat-absorbing ceramic material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a solar heat-absorbing ceramic material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The new energy sources are various energy source forms except the traditional energy sources, and comprise solar energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, wind energy, nuclear fusion energy and the like. Solar energy is an inexhaustible renewable resource, and the development and utilization of solar energy are one of important ways for realizing diversification of energy supply and ensuring energy safety. In recent years, under the guidance and requirements of policies of energy conservation and emission reduction, the application of solar photo-thermal technology in buildings in China is remarkably increased, and the requirement on integration of solar buildings is higher and higher.
The concentration ratio of the tower type solar thermal power generation system is high (200 and 100 KW/m)2) The characteristics of high thermodynamic cycle temperature, small heat loss, simple system and high efficiency are paid attention by all countries in the world, the solar heat power generation system is an advanced large-scale solar heat power generation technology which is researched vigorously by all countries at present, and the solar heat power generation system is used as an air heat absorber of a tower type solar heat power generation core, wherein a high-temperature heat absorber material plays an important role in receiving solar concentrated light energy and absorbing heat and exchanging heat, and influences the stability and the efficiency of the whole thermal power generation system.
However, due to the problems of material thermal stress damage, poor air flow stability, low durability and the like caused by local hot spots of the heat absorber formed by non-uniform and unstable light-gathering energy flow density of the tower-type heat absorber, a novel heat absorber material with good high-temperature oxidation resistance, good thermal shock resistance, a three-dimensional or two-dimensional communication structure, a high specific surface and high thermal conductivity needs to be developed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a solar heat-absorbing ceramic material and a preparation method thereof.
A solar heat-absorbing ceramic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-40 parts of silicon nitride, 15-40 parts of boron nitride, 5-15 parts of titanium silicide, 5-15 parts of tantalum carbide, 5-12 parts of chromium oxide, 5-12 parts of aluminum oxide, 2-7 parts of sodium silicate, 2-5 parts of boron oxide and 2-3 parts of manganese monoxide.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-35 parts of silicon nitride, 20-30 parts of boron nitride, 8-12 parts of titanium silicide, 6-10 parts of tantalum carbide, 7-10 parts of chromium oxide, 6-9 parts of aluminum oxide, 3-6 parts of sodium silicate, 3-4 parts of boron oxide and 2-3 parts of manganese monoxide.
Further preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of silicon nitride, 25 parts of boron nitride, 10 parts of titanium silicide, 9 parts of tantalum carbide, 8 parts of chromium oxide, 7 parts of aluminum oxide, 5 parts of sodium silicate, 3 parts of boron oxide and 2 parts of manganese monoxide.
Preferably, each component is powder with the average particle size of 1-100 nm.
According to the preparation method of the solar heat-absorbing ceramic material, silicon nitride and boron nitride are used as base materials, titanium silicide, tantalum carbide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium silicate, boron oxide and manganese monoxide are used as additives to synthesize a high-temperature-resistant binding phase, polyurethane foam is used as a precursor, and an organic foam impregnation process is adopted to prepare the ceramic material.
Preferably, the polyurethane foam is in a liquid state.
Preferably, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain slurry;
(2) mixing the slurry obtained in the step (1) and precursor polyurethane foam according to a weight ratio of 1: mixing and stirring for 10-30 minutes at 20-35 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5-8 hours to fully and uniformly mix;
(3) placing the mixture obtained in the step (2) in a closed container, heating to 150-300 ℃, preserving heat for 1-6 hours under the protection of inert gas until crosslinking and solidification, and then drying in vacuum;
(4) and (3) placing the dried mixture in the step (3) into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace, heating the mixture to 1000-1200 ℃ in inert gas or vacuum, sintering the mixture for 2-3 hours under the condition of 30-50 MPa, continuously heating the mixture to 1400-1600 ℃ for 2-3 hours under the condition of 30-50 MPa, and then cooling the mixture to 600-700 ℃ and preserving the heat for 3-5 hours to obtain the composite material.
Further preferably, the specific method of step (1) is: using absolute ethyl alcohol as dispersing agent, ZrO2The balls are used as ball milling media, and a roller ball mill is adopted to perform ball milling and mixing for 12-16 hours under the condition that the ball milling rotating speed is 120-140 r/min, so that slurry is obtained.
Further preferably, the inert gas in steps (3) and (4) is helium or argon.
Compared with the traditional scheme, the scheme has the advantages that: the invention adopts an organic foam impregnation process to prepare the heat-absorbing ceramic material with good high-temperature oxidation resistance, good thermal shock resistance, a three-dimensional network structure, a high specific surface and high thermal conductivity, and is particularly suitable for tower-type solar thermal power generation heat absorbers. The solar heat-absorbing ceramic material has uniform pores, the porosity is more than 95%, the pore diameter is about 2mm, and the pore rib framework is thicker, thereby being beneficial to improving the strength of the foamed ceramic; the sintered foamed ceramic has the main crystal phase of silicon nitride and boron nitride, the compressive strength of more than 0.35MPa and the compressive strength of more than 0.30MPa after 30 times of thermal shock, has the characteristics of good high-temperature oxidation resistance, good thermal shock resistance, three-dimensional network structure, high specific surface, high thermal conductivity and the like, and effectively solves the problems of poor high-temperature oxidation resistance, poor thermal shock resistance and the like of the current solar heat absorber material.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a solar heat absorbing ceramic material comprising the following components: 15kg of silicon nitride, 15kg of boron nitride, 5kg of titanium silicide, 5kg of tantalum carbide, 5kg of chromium oxide, 5kg of aluminum oxide, 2kg of sodium silicate, 2kg of boron oxide and 2kg of manganese monoxide.
Wherein, each component is powder with the average grain diameter of 1 nm.
According to the preparation method of the solar heat-absorbing ceramic material, silicon nitride and boron nitride are used as base materials, titanium silicide, tantalum carbide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium silicate, boron oxide and manganese monoxide are used as additives to synthesize a high-temperature-resistant binding phase, polyurethane foam is used as a precursor, and an organic foam impregnation process is adopted to prepare the ceramic material. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersing agent, and taking ZrO2Ball milling and mixing for 12 hours by adopting a roller ball mill under the condition that the ball milling rotating speed is 120r/min to obtain slurry;
(2) mixing the slurry obtained in the step (1) and precursor polyurethane foam according to a weight ratio of 1: 20, mixing and stirring for 10 minutes, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5 hours to fully and uniformly mix;
(3) placing the mixture obtained in the step (2) in a closed container, heating to 150 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour under the protection of helium gas until crosslinking and curing, and then drying in vacuum;
(4) and (4) placing the dried mixture in the step (3) in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace, heating the mixture to 1000 ℃ in helium, sintering the mixture for 2 hours under the condition of 30MPa, continuously heating the mixture to 1400 ℃ and sintering the mixture for 2 hours under the condition of 30MPa, and then cooling the mixture to 600 ℃ and preserving the heat for 3 hours to obtain the composite material.
Example 2:
a solar heat absorbing ceramic material comprising the following components: 40kg of silicon nitride, 40kg of boron nitride, 15kg of titanium silicide, 15kg of tantalum carbide, 12kg of chromium oxide, 12kg of aluminum oxide, 7kg of sodium silicate, 5kg of boron oxide and 3kg of manganese monoxide.
Wherein, each component is powder with the average grain diameter of 100 nm.
According to the preparation method of the solar heat-absorbing ceramic material, silicon nitride and boron nitride are used as base materials, titanium silicide, tantalum carbide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium silicate, boron oxide and manganese monoxide are used as additives to synthesize a high-temperature-resistant binding phase, polyurethane foam is used as a precursor, and an organic foam impregnation process is adopted to prepare the ceramic material. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersing agent, and taking ZrO2Ball milling is carried out for 16 hours by adopting a roller ball mill under the condition that the ball milling rotating speed is 140r/min to obtain slurry;
(2) mixing the slurry obtained in the step (1) and precursor polyurethane foam according to a weight ratio of 1: 35 mixing and stirring for 30 minutes, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours to fully and uniformly mix;
(3) placing the mixture obtained in the step (2) in a closed container, heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours under the protection of argon gas until the mixture is crosslinked and cured, and then drying in vacuum;
(4) and (4) placing the dried mixture in the step (3) in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace, heating to 1200 ℃ in vacuum, sintering for 3 hours under the condition of 50MPa, continuously heating to 1600 ℃, sintering for 3 hours under the condition of 50MPa, and then cooling to 700 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours to obtain the composite material.
Example 3:
a solar heat absorbing ceramic material comprising the following components: 18kg of silicon nitride, 20kg of boron nitride, 8kg of titanium silicide, 6kg of tantalum carbide, 7kg of chromium oxide, 6kg of aluminum oxide, 3kg of sodium silicate, 3kg of boron oxide and 2kg of manganese monoxide.
Wherein, each component is powder with the average grain diameter of 1 nm.
According to the preparation method of the solar heat-absorbing ceramic material, silicon nitride and boron nitride are used as base materials, titanium silicide, tantalum carbide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium silicate, boron oxide and manganese monoxide are used as additives to synthesize a high-temperature-resistant binding phase, polyurethane foam is used as a precursor, and an organic foam impregnation process is adopted to prepare the ceramic material. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersing agent, and taking ZrO2Ball milling is carried out for 12 hours by adopting a roller ball mill under the condition that the ball milling rotating speed is 140r/min to obtain slurry;
(2) mixing the slurry obtained in the step (1) and precursor polyurethane foam according to a weight ratio of 1: 35 mixing and stirring for 10 minutes, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours to fully and uniformly mix;
(3) placing the mixture obtained in the step (2) in a closed container, heating to 150 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours under the protection of argon gas until the mixture is crosslinked and cured, and then drying in vacuum;
(4) and (4) placing the dried mixture in the step (3) in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace, heating to 1000 ℃ in argon, sintering for 2 hours under the condition of 50MPa, continuously heating to 1600 ℃, sintering for 3 hours under the condition of 30MPa, and then cooling to 600 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours to obtain the composite material.
Example 4:
a solar heat absorbing ceramic material comprising the following components: 35kg of silicon nitride, 30kg of boron nitride, 12kg of titanium silicide, 10kg of tantalum carbide, 10kg of chromium oxide, 9kg of aluminum oxide, 6kg of sodium silicate, 4kg of boron oxide and 3kg of manganese monoxide.
Wherein, each component is powder with the average grain diameter of 100 nm.
According to the preparation method of the solar heat-absorbing ceramic material, silicon nitride and boron nitride are used as base materials, titanium silicide, tantalum carbide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium silicate, boron oxide and manganese monoxide are used as additives to synthesize a high-temperature-resistant binding phase, polyurethane foam is used as a precursor, and an organic foam impregnation process is adopted to prepare the ceramic material. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersing agent, and taking ZrO2Ball milling is carried out for 16 hours by adopting a roller ball mill under the condition that the ball milling rotating speed is 120r/min to obtain slurry;
(2) mixing the slurry obtained in the step (1) and precursor polyurethane foam according to a weight ratio of 1: 20, mixing and stirring for 30 minutes, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5 hours to fully and uniformly mix;
(3) placing the mixture obtained in the step (2) in a closed container, heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour under the protection of argon gas until crosslinking and curing, and then drying in vacuum;
(4) and (4) placing the dried mixture in the step (3) in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace, heating to 1200 ℃ in vacuum, sintering for 3 hours under the condition of 30MPa, continuously heating to 1400 ℃, sintering for 2 hours under the condition of 50MPa, and then cooling to 700 ℃ and preserving heat for 3 hours to obtain the composite material.
Example 5:
a solar heat absorbing ceramic material comprising the following components: 30kg of silicon nitride, 25kg of boron nitride, 10kg of titanium silicide, 9kg of tantalum carbide, 8kg of chromium oxide, 7kg of aluminum oxide, 5kg of sodium silicate, 3kg of boron oxide and 2kg of manganese monoxide.
Wherein, each component is powder with the average grain diameter of 50 nm.
According to the preparation method of the solar heat-absorbing ceramic material, silicon nitride and boron nitride are used as base materials, titanium silicide, tantalum carbide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium silicate, boron oxide and manganese monoxide are used as additives to synthesize a high-temperature-resistant binding phase, polyurethane foam is used as a precursor, and an organic foam impregnation process is adopted to prepare the ceramic material. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, taking absolute ethyl alcohol as a dispersing agent, and taking ZrO2Ball milling and mixing for 14 hours by using a roller ball mill under the condition that the ball milling rotating speed is 130r/min to obtain slurry;
(2) mixing the slurry obtained in the step (1) and precursor polyurethane foam according to a weight ratio of 1: 30, mixing and stirring for 20 minutes, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 6 hours to fully and uniformly mix;
(3) placing the mixture obtained in the step (2) in a closed container, heating to 200 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours under the protection of helium until crosslinking and curing, and then drying in vacuum;
(4) and (4) placing the dried mixture in the step (3) in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace, heating to 1100 ℃ in helium, sintering for 2 hours under the condition of 40MPa, continuously heating to 1500 ℃, sintering for 2 hours under the condition of 40MPa, and then cooling to 650 ℃ and preserving heat for 4 hours to obtain the composite material.
Test examples
The porosity, average pore diameter, compressive strength and 30 times thermal shock post-compressive strength of the ceramic materials obtained in examples 1 to 5 were measured and counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
Figure BDA0001261979960000051
As can be seen from Table 1, the solar heat-absorbing ceramic material has uniform pores, the porosity is more than 95%, the pore diameter is about 2mm, the compressive strength is more than 0.35MPa, the compressive strength after 30 thermal shocks is more than 0.30MPa, and the thermal shock resistance is good.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a solar heat-absorbing ceramic material is characterized in that silicon nitride and boron nitride are used as base materials, titanium silicide, tantalum carbide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium silicate, boron oxide and manganese monoxide are used as additives to synthesize a high-temperature-resistant binding phase, polyurethane foam is used as a precursor, and an organic foam impregnation process is adopted to prepare the ceramic material;
the polyurethane foam is in a liquid state;
the preparation method of the solar heat-absorbing ceramic material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, mixing, and performing ball milling to obtain slurry;
(2) mixing the slurry obtained in the step (1) and precursor polyurethane foam according to a weight ratio of 1: mixing and stirring for 10-30 minutes at 20-35 ℃, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5-8 hours to fully and uniformly mix;
(3) placing the mixture obtained in the step (2) in a closed container, heating to 150-300 ℃, preserving heat for 1-6 hours under the protection of inert gas until crosslinking and solidification, and then drying in vacuum;
(4) placing the mixture dried in the step (3) in a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace, heating the mixture to 1000-1200 ℃ in inert gas or vacuum, sintering the mixture for 2-3 hours under the condition of 30-50 MPa, continuously heating the mixture to 1400-1600 ℃, sintering the mixture for 2-3 hours under the condition of 30-50 MPa, and then cooling the mixture to 600-700 ℃ and preserving the heat for 3-5 hours to obtain the composite material;
the solar heat-absorbing ceramic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-40 parts of silicon nitride, 15-40 parts of boron nitride, 5-15 parts of titanium silicide, 5-15 parts of tantalum carbide, 5-12 parts of chromium oxide, 5-12 parts of aluminum oxide, 2-7 parts of sodium silicate, 2-5 parts of boron oxide and 2-3 parts of manganese monoxide.
2. The preparation method of the solar heat absorption ceramic material according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-35 parts of silicon nitride, 20-30 parts of boron nitride, 8-12 parts of titanium silicide, 6-10 parts of tantalum carbide, 7-10 parts of chromium oxide, 6-9 parts of aluminum oxide, 3-6 parts of sodium silicate, 3-4 parts of boron oxide and 2-3 parts of manganese monoxide.
3. The preparation method of the solar heat absorption ceramic material according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of silicon nitride, 25 parts of boron nitride, 10 parts of titanium silicide, 9 parts of tantalum carbide, 8 parts of chromium oxide, 7 parts of aluminum oxide, 5 parts of sodium silicate, 3 parts of boron oxide and 2 parts of manganese monoxide.
4. The method for preparing a solar heat absorption ceramic material according to claim 1, wherein each component is powder having an average particle size of 1 to 100 nm.
5. The preparation method of the solar heat-absorbing ceramic material according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of step (1) is: using absolute ethyl alcohol as dispersing agent, ZrO2The balls are used as ball milling media, and a roller ball mill is adopted to perform ball milling and mixing for 12-16 hours under the condition that the ball milling rotating speed is 120-140 r/min, so that slurry is obtained.
6. The method for preparing a solar heat absorbing ceramic material according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas in steps (3) and (4) is helium or argon.
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