CN106979958B - A kind of concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device and measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106979958B CN106979958B CN201710216315.3A CN201710216315A CN106979958B CN 106979958 B CN106979958 B CN 106979958B CN 201710216315 A CN201710216315 A CN 201710216315A CN 106979958 B CN106979958 B CN 106979958B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/16—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal coefficient of expansion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device and measuring methods, including the measuring device being arranged in concrete dam and the observing apparatus being attached thereto；Measuring device include internal layer thermometer, exospheric temperature meter, strain gauge, respectively with strain gauge both ends by the coaxially connected long and short two section quartz glass tube of heat-shrinkable T bush, integral coating its periphery foam insert, PVC protection sleeve pipe and thermal insulation layer; internal layer thermometer fits in quartz glass pipe surface; the outer surface that exospheric temperature meter is arranged in thermal insulation layer is contacted with concrete, and the outer end face of two sections of quartz glass tubes is inserted into concrete and is in contact with it；Observing apparatus includes the strain-gage pickup for connecting the temperature collecting module of internal layer thermometer and exospheric temperature meter and being connected with strain gauge.When temperature changes in concrete dam, concrete generation strain is strained with the temperature of thermometer and strain gauge difference measuring device range inner concrete in measurement device with corresponding, in addition calculating the linear expansion coefficient of concrete after the strain of device itself.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of concrete dams, and in particular to a kind of measurement device of concrete dam linear expansion coefficient and side
Method.
Background technique
In the large-sized concretes Structural Engineering such as hydraulic engineering, civil engineering, concrete temperature variation to displacement structure and
Stress etc. has a significant impact, and linear expansion coefficient is exactly one of the key parameter for influencing concrete temperature stress calculating.Therefore, in order to
Meet Temperature of Concrete Dam Stress calculation needs, and meet the needs of Temperature of Concrete Dam control program implementation, Ying Jinliang is mentioned
For the accurate concrete wire coefficient of expansion.
Currently used concrete dam linear expansion coefficient determines there are three types of methods.First is that using test value, i.e., according to design
Scheme, production with the close concrete sample of on-site concrete ingredient, apply certain boundary condition to it, with apparatus measures its
Linear expansion coefficient.Being limited in that for the method is costly, and sample dimensions can not be too big, when there are big aggregates for on-site concrete
When, test need to reject big aggregate, this will lead to test and field condition there are notable difference, can not reflect site operation it is random because
The influence of element, then institute's survey line coefficient of expansion often differs greatly with actual value.Second is that rule of thumb value, due to each engineering
Inside and outside portion's condition it is all different, therefore empirical equation can only at most provide a rough estimated value.Third is that according to observed temperature
Data Inversion, it is common be the unstressed measured value method of inversion, although with calculation amount when unstressed measured value inverting linear expansion coefficient compared with
It is small, it is simple and easy, but since unstressed dam body volume relatively of counting is too small, the big aggregate in concrete dam, therefore gained need to be rejected
As a result it differs greatly with true value.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of simple and easy, with high accuracy
Concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device and measuring method.
Technical solution: the present invention provides a kind of concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device and measuring method, packets
Include the measuring device being arranged in concrete dam and the observing apparatus being attached thereto；
The measuring device includes internal layer thermometer, exospheric temperature meter, strain gauge, with strain gauge both ends passes through pyrocondensation respectively
The coaxially connected long and short two section quartz glass tube of casing, integral coating are protected in the foam insert of quartz glass tube periphery, PVC
Casing and thermal insulation layer, the internal layer thermometer fit in quartz glass pipe surface, and the exospheric temperature meter is arranged in thermal insulation layer
Outer surface is contacted with concrete, and the outer end face of two sections of quartz glass tubes is inserted into concrete and is in contact with it；
The observing apparatus includes the temperature collecting module and and strain gauge for connecting internal layer thermometer and exospheric temperature meter
Connected strain-gage pickup.
Further, the length of two sections of quartz glass tubes is respectively 1.75~1.8m and 0.1~0.15m.
Further, the axial length of the measuring device is 2m, and the diameter of the quartz glass tube is 2cm, and the PVC is protected
The diameter of protecting pipe be 10cm, the thermal insulation layer with a thickness of 1cm.
Further, the dam facing that is axially perpendicular to of the measuring device is buried, and the vertical range of upper surface and dam facing is 20cm.
Further, the internal layer thermometer is uniformly arranged 3 every 1m along axial direction, length of the exospheric temperature meter along thermal insulation layer
Direction is uniformly arranged 5 every 0.5m, has fully considered the variation of dam body interior space temperature.
A kind of measuring method of concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device, comprising the following steps:
(1) after concrete graded layer is poured into measuring device pre-installation height, chosen position is installed, and is equipped in measuring device
One end of strain gauge is upward；
(2) temperature reading measured to internal layer thermometer and exospheric temperature is for statistical analysis, uses cubic spline interpolation
Method the temperature variation data of record is fitted to temperature changing trend function TInternal layer(y) and TConcrete(y)；
(3) internal layer quartz glass tube linear expansion coefficient known to is αQuartz, measuring device length is denoted as L, and the length of strain gauge is
lStrain gauge, then the dependent variable of quartz glass tube is obtained by temperature strain formula integral operation:
(4) linear expansion coefficient of outer concrete is set as α, then the dependent variable of outer concrete can pass through temperature strain public affairs
Formula integral operation obtains:
(5) in dam when temperature change, strain gauge instrument itself can also generate strain, be denoted as εInstrument, by instrument manufacturer facility, person is mentioned
The parameter of confession checks in；
(6) remember that dependent variable measured by strain gauge is εIt surveys, then can counter to release concrete gravity dam line swollen by following equalities
Swollen factor alpha:
εCoagulation ±=εQuartz+εInstrument+εIt surveys。
Inventive principle: when temperature changes in concrete dam, dam inner concrete generates strain, in measuring device
The temperature and corresponding strain of thermometer and strain gauge difference measuring device range inner concrete, in addition after the strain of device itself,
Calculate the linear expansion coefficient of concrete.
The utility model has the advantages that the quartz glass tube linear expansion coefficient in 1, measuring device of the present invention is small, and quartzy in calculating process
The strain of glass tube is integrated to obtain by temperature and linear expansion coefficient, therefore can be by glass tube error itself and temperature gauge
Bring error is calculated to be minimized；
2, strain gauge both ends are connected with quartz glass tube in the present invention, and strain gauge can measure two sections of quartz glass pipe ranges
The dam body strain in range is spent, the dependent variable measured is big；
2, the present invention directly carries out on-site measurement to building itself, is embedded in the measuring device length inside dam body and reaches
2m, measuring section inner concrete is matched to be simple, and need not reject big aggregate, sufficiently reflects the influence of live enchancement factor, is calculated
The obtained concrete wire coefficient of expansion is more bonded actual value；
3, the measuring device in the present invention is up to 2m, can measure the strain in dam body 2m, the dependent variable measured is big, can subtract
Few error in reading bring influences, and relative error is small, and measurement accuracy of the invention is higher；
4, the vertical range away from dam facing is that 20cm is become on dam surface by temperature when the measuring device in the present invention is embedded
Changing influences significant, and concrete temperature variable quantity is larger, strains as caused by temperature also larger, and opposite observation error is small, calculates
The concrete wire coefficient of expansion precision arrived is high；
5, the vertical dam facing of measuring device in the present invention is embedded, and the axial direction of measuring device does not have direct stress, and measuring device is only
The strain that measurement dam body is generated because of temperature change, this embedding manner ensure that reasonability and accuracy of the invention；
6, the exospheric temperature meter contacted in the present invention with concrete sets 5 along thermal insulation layer surface altogether, can fully consider in this way
The variation of dam body interior space temperature, the concrete temperature variation tendency function being fitted to are more reasonable；Internal layer thermometer is along stone
English glass tube sets 3 altogether, can eliminate the error that inner quartz glass tube itself is brought by temperature change, and calculating process is rigorous, obtains
Result out is more accurate reliable；
7, in measuring device of the present invention, strain gauge both ends and quartz glass tube series connection do not contact directly with concrete, can subtract
Damage of the small concrete to strain gauge.Thermal insulation layer can not only be such that inside opens with concrete separating, moreover it is possible to make internal temperature more
Tend to be uniform.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that measurement device of the present invention buries scheme schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the section structure of measuring device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of measuring device of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the implementation
Example.
Embodiment:
A kind of concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device, as shown in Figure 1, including measuring device 2 and observing apparatus
3, the two is connected by Cables for Dam Observation 3-3.Measuring device 2 is arranged in concrete dam 1 and its axis is vertical with dam facing, with dam facing
Vertical range be 20cm, (dam body temperature is in layered distribution to the concrete gravity dam temperature gradient regularity of distribution, along perpendicular to dam
The direction gradient in body surface face changes) it ensure that the inbuilt reliability of the vertical dam facing of measurement device, reasonability and higher accuracy,
To reduce building boundary condition to observation position temperature profile effect.
As shown in Figure 2,3, measuring device 2 includes one is long and the other is short two sections of quartz glass tube 2-1, coaxial packages in quartz glass
PVC protection sleeve pipe 2-5 and thermal insulation layer 2-6 outside pipe are filled out filled with Aphron between quartz glass tube 2-1 and PVC protection sleeve pipe
Fill object 2-4.The axial length of measuring device 2 be 2m, quartz glass tube 2-1 be divided to for one is long and the other is short two sections, diameter be equal 2cm, PVC
The diameter of casing 2-5 be 10cm, thermal insulation layer 2-6 with a thickness of 1cm, one end of thermal insulation layer 2-6 is blocked with benzene plate lid 2-7.In addition,
It also include the temperature measurement module and strain gauge 2-2 being made of internal layer thermometer 2-8 and exospheric temperature meter 2-9 in measuring device 2.It is interior
Layer thermometer 2-8 is arranged in quartz glass tube periphery, is equipped with 3 altogether, is separated by 1m between two neighboring internal layer thermometer 2-8.Outside
The outer surface that layer thermometer 2-9 is arranged in thermal insulation layer 2-6 is contacted with concrete, and the length direction along thermal insulation layer 2-6 is every 0.5m
Uniform setting 5.Long quartz glass tube 2-1 is fixed in concrete one end, and the other end and strain gauge 2-2 pass through heat-shrinkable T bush
2-3 series connection causes strain gauge 2-2 to damage to prevent strain gauge 2-2 from directly contacting with concrete, logical in the strain gauge 2-2 other end
It crosses heat-shrinkable T bush 2-3 and meets a bit of quartz glass tube 2-1 again to contact with concrete, the position strain gauge 2-2 can be injected in right amount
Foaming agent is reinforced.Observing apparatus 3 include connection internal layer thermometer 2-8 and exospheric temperature meter 2-9 temperature collecting module 3-1 and
The strain-gage pickup 3-2 being connected with strain gauge 2-2.
The measuring method of above-mentioned 1 linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device of concrete dam, follows the steps below:
Step 1: device is embedded:
Firstly, 2 installation site of measuring device is chosen after concrete graded layer is poured into the pre-installation height of measuring device 2, it will
It installs that rigid plastic support 4 is fixed, will not include that a part of strain gauge 2-2 is fixed on bracket 4, and is protected in measuring device 2
The vertical dam facing of measuring device 2 is demonstrate,proved, rigid plastics leads the temperature difference, and can reduce error for the measurement at scene influences.
Then, concrete storehouse surface is poured again, to concreting close to the quartz glass tube 2-1 for measuring deformation
When top, strain gauge 2-2 is fixed on to the quartz glass tube 2-1 for being used to measure deformation with heat-shrinkable T bush 2-3, then again with one
It saves heat-shrinkable T bush 2-3 and is used to protect the quartz glass tube 2-1 of strain gauge 2-2 to be fixed on strain gauge 2-2 for another section, and adjust
Strain gauge 2-2 is further filled with Aphron filler 2-4, and the position strain gauge 2-2 can inject appropriate foaming agent and reinforce, and finally covers benzene
Plate lid.
Finally, the observation of testing property is to ensure that each component of instrument works normally.Observing apparatus 3 passes through Cables for Dam Observation 3-3
Measuring device 2 is connected, wherein temperature collecting module 3-1 is separately connected internal layer thermometer 2-8, exospheric temperature meter 2-9, and strain gauge passes
Sensor 3-2 is connected with strain gauge 2-2.Cables for Dam Observation 3-3 is protected, avoids being damaged when the concreting of upper layer.
Step 2: data collection: after concrete all pours completion and setting and hardening, observing apparatus 3 passes through temperature acquisition
Module 3-1 collects the temperature variation data of measuring device 2 internal layer and outer concrete different location, passes through strain-gage pickup 3-
2 collect strain gauge 2-2 strain regime.
Step 3: statistical data processing: being carried out to the temperature reading that internal layer thermometer 2-8 and exospheric temperature meter 2-9 are measured
Analysis, is fitted to temperature changing trend function T for the temperature variation data of record with the method for cubic spline interpolationInternal layer(x) and TConcrete
(x)。
Step 4: concrete wire coefficient of expansion α inverting: being known as according to above-mentioned internal layer quartz glass tube 2-1 linear expansion coefficient
αQuartz, measurement device length is denoted as L, and the length of strain gauge is lStrain gauge, then the dependent variable of quartz glass tube 2-1 can pass through temperature
Strain formula integral operation obtains:
The linear expansion coefficient of above-mentioned outer concrete is set as α, then the dependent variable of outer concrete can be answered by temperature
Become formula integral operation to obtain:
The parameter that the strain that strain gauge 2-2 instrument itself generates under temperature action can be provided by instrument manufacturer facility man checks in,
It is denoted as εInstrument.The dependent variable that note strain gauge 2-2 is surveyed is εIt surveys, then 1 linear expansion coefficient of concrete dam can be released by the way that following equalities are counter
α:
εConcrete=εQuartz+εInstrument+εIt surveys。
Claims (6)
1. a kind of concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device, it is characterised in that: including the survey being arranged in concrete dam
Amount device and the observing apparatus being attached thereto；
The measuring device includes internal layer thermometer, exospheric temperature meter, strain gauge, with strain gauge both ends passes through heat-shrinkable T bush respectively
Foam insert, PVC protection sleeve pipe of the coaxially connected long and short two section quartz glass tube, integral coating in quartz glass tube periphery
And thermal insulation layer, the internal layer thermometer fit in quartz glass pipe surface, the exospheric temperature meter is arranged in the appearance of thermal insulation layer
Face is contacted with concrete, and the outer end face of two sections of quartz glass tubes is inserted into concrete and is in contact with it；
The observing apparatus includes connecting the temperature collecting module of internal layer thermometer and exospheric temperature meter and being connected with strain gauge
Strain-gage pickup.
2. concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: two sections of stone
The length of English glass tube is respectively 1.75~1.8m and 0.1~0.15m.
3. concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the measurement dress
The axial length set is 2m, and the diameter of the quartz glass tube is 2cm, and the diameter of the PVC protection sleeve pipe is 10cm, it is described every
Thermosphere with a thickness of 1cm.
4. concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the measurement dress
The dam facing that is axially perpendicular to set is buried, and the vertical range of upper surface and dam facing is 20cm.
5. concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the internal layer temperature
Degree meter is uniformly arranged 3 every 1m along axial direction, and exospheric temperature meter is uniformly arranged 5 every 0.5m along the length direction of thermal insulation layer.
6. the measuring method of concrete dam linear expansion coefficient on-site measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The following steps are included:
(1) after concrete graded layer is poured into measuring device pre-installation height, chosen position is installed, and strain is equipped in measuring device
One end of meter is upward；
(2) temperature reading measured to internal layer thermometer and exospheric temperature is for statistical analysis, with the side of cubic spline interpolation
The temperature variation data of record is fitted to temperature changing trend function T by methodInternal layer(y) and TCoagulation ±(y)；
(3) internal layer quartz glass tube linear expansion coefficient known to is αQuartz, measuring device length is denoted as L, and the length of strain gauge is
lStrain gauge, then the dependent variable of quartz glass tube is obtained by temperature strain formula integral operation:
(4) linear expansion coefficient of outer concrete is set as α, then the dependent variable of outer concrete passes through temperature strain formula integral fortune
It obtains:
εConcrete=∫0 LαTConcrete(y)dy；
(5) in dam when temperature change, strain gauge instrument itself can also generate strain, be denoted as εInstrument, provided by instrument manufacturer facility man
Parameter checks in；
(6) remember that dependent variable measured by strain gauge is εIt surveys, then concrete gravity dam line expansion system can be released by the way that following equalities are counter
Number α:
εConcrete=εQuartz+εInstrument+εIt surveys。
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| JPH08219910A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-08-30 | Mizushigen Kaihatsu Kodan | Zero stress detector for concrete |
| JP2009058326A (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-19 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Linear expansion coefficient calculating method of hydraulic-setting material and apparatus of the same |
| CN101482526A (en) * | 2009-01-24 | 2009-07-15 | 浙江工业大学 | Measuring method for thermal expansion coefficient of early-age concrete |
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| CN202066814U (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-12-07 | 北京科路泰技术有限公司 | Thermal expansion coefficient measuring system for concrete |
| CN102435631A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-05-02 | 深圳泛华工程集团有限公司 | Determinator for thermal expansion coefficients of concrete |
| CN102954979A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-03-06 | 山东省交通科学研究所 | Method for testing linear expansion coefficient of cement concrete under temperature and humidity coupling action |
| JP2014163770A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-09-08 | Kajima Corp | Linear expansion coefficient test method |
-
2017
- 2017-04-01 CN CN201710216315.3A patent/CN106979958B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08219910A (en) * | 1995-02-14 | 1996-08-30 | Mizushigen Kaihatsu Kodan | Zero stress detector for concrete |
| JP2009058326A (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-19 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Linear expansion coefficient calculating method of hydraulic-setting material and apparatus of the same |
| CN101482526A (en) * | 2009-01-24 | 2009-07-15 | 浙江工业大学 | Measuring method for thermal expansion coefficient of early-age concrete |
| CN101865865A (en) * | 2010-06-12 | 2010-10-20 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Noncontact-type test method of early-period thermal expansion coefficient of concrete dam and equipment thereof |
| CN102435631A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-05-02 | 深圳泛华工程集团有限公司 | Determinator for thermal expansion coefficients of concrete |
| CN202066814U (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-12-07 | 北京科路泰技术有限公司 | Thermal expansion coefficient measuring system for concrete |
| CN102954979A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-03-06 | 山东省交通科学研究所 | Method for testing linear expansion coefficient of cement concrete under temperature and humidity coupling action |
| JP2014163770A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-09-08 | Kajima Corp | Linear expansion coefficient test method |
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