CN106979920B - Sample for simulating high-temperature high-pressure flowing medium and simulation test method using same - Google Patents
Sample for simulating high-temperature high-pressure flowing medium and simulation test method using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN106979920B CN106979920B CN201710317699.8A CN201710317699A CN106979920B CN 106979920 B CN106979920 B CN 106979920B CN 201710317699 A CN201710317699 A CN 201710317699A CN 106979920 B CN106979920 B CN 106979920B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/04—Corrosion probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The application discloses a sample for simulating high-temperature high-pressure and flowing media and a simulation test method using the same, wherein the sample comprises a sample body and a connector; the sample body is hollow and long tubular, the sample body is connected with the connector, and a cavity or an air hole is formed in the sample body and can accommodate a high-pressure medium, so that the working environment of the high-temperature, high-pressure and flowing medium is simulated, and a test piece is hung in the cavity and used for measuring and calculating the corrosion rate; the sample body and the connector are connected in a sealed mode through welding, the sample body and the connector can be made of different materials, and the sample body can be formed by welding and assembling annular members made of multiple pieces of different materials, so that the corrosion condition of the position of the welded joint can be detected, multiple groups of test data and multiple types of test data are obtained in one test, the working efficiency is greatly improved, and the test cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a sample for a simulation test for measuring material performance and a corresponding method, in particular to a sample with a suspension test piece for simulating high-temperature/high-pressure/flowing medium working conditions and a method for performing a test by using the sample.
Background
The heat exchange tube is one of important parts of the heat exchanger, the safety of the heat exchange tube is one of important elements that the heat exchanger can safely operate, the working conditions are generally high temperature, high pressure and flowing media (water, water vapor and the like), the performance requirements on the heat exchange tube are different in different devices, and the conventional test and inspection can only detect the inherent performance of the material under the conventional conditions, such as tensile strength and the like. However, the performance of the heat exchange tube under the actual running condition cannot be represented by conventional sample preparation, and particularly, for the heat exchange tube in special equipment such as a high-temperature gas cooled reactor, the working environment of the heat exchange tube is more severe, and the actual performance of the heat exchange tube cannot be obtained by conventional tests in the severe environment;
in order to ensure that the research of the heat exchange tube under the simulated working condition has a representative meaning, a sample is generally required to be kept under the simulated working condition for a long time, if each material is circulated once, the test period and the cost are very high, if a plurality of groups of test data can be obtained through one test engineering, the test efficiency can be obviously improved naturally, and the cost is reduced;
the general test needs to acquire the corrosion products, principles, corrosion thickness, corrosion rate and the like of materials under specific conditions, and sometimes needs information about the corrosion products, thickness, rate and the like of joint parts after welding of the same or different materials;
the most accurate method for checking the oxidation/corrosion rate of the material by the general test standard is a weightless analysis method, but the result of the oxidation/corrosion rate test in a flowing medium at high temperature and high pressure is often inaccurate when a large-size sample is subjected to the oxidation/corrosion rate test.
In order to obtain the relevant performance of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor heat exchange tube under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and flowing medium, the heat exchange tube needs to be tested under the corresponding simulation conditions, the performance analysis is carried out on the welded joint between the heat exchange tube and the relevant materials, meanwhile, the test efficiency is also considered, and the test cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the inventor has conducted intensive studies and devised a sample and a corresponding test method, wherein the sample comprises a sample body and a connector; the sample body is hollow and long tubular, the sample body is connected with the connector, and a cavity or an air hole is formed in the sample body and can accommodate a high-pressure medium, so that a high-temperature and high-pressure working environment is simulated, and a test piece is suspended in the cavity and used for measuring and calculating the corrosion rate; the sample body and the connector are connected in a sealed mode through welding, the sample body and the connector can be made of different materials, and the sample body can also be formed by welding and assembling a plurality of annular members made of different materials, so that the corrosion condition of a welding position can be detected, multiple groups and multiple types of test data can be obtained in one test, the working efficiency is greatly improved, and the test cost is reduced, thereby completing the application.
Specifically, the present application aims to provide a sample comprising a sample body 1 and a connector 2;
the sample body 1 is hollow long tube-shaped, one end of the sample body is connected with the connector 2,
an air hole 21 is arranged on the connector 2,
the air hole 21 is communicated with the cavity 11 in the sample body 1;
in the cavity 11 a test strip 3 is suspended.
Wherein a hanging rod 4 is arranged on the connector 2, and the other end of the hanging rod 4 is connected with the test piece 3 through a nichrome wire 5.
Wherein the cavity 11 is cylindrical, and the cross sections of the cavity are consistent in size.
Wherein, the air hole on the connector 2 close to the sample body 1 is a round hole, the inner wall of the air hole is provided with an internal thread 22,
the cross section of the hanging rod 4 is rectangular, an external thread 41 is arranged at the upper end of the hanging rod 4, the external thread 41 is matched with the internal thread 22, and a hole 42 is arranged at the lower end of the hanging rod 4.
Wherein, on the connector 2, a sealing gasket is sleeved outside one side far away from the sample body 1, preferably, the connector 2 is in sealing connection with the circulating pump through the sealing gasket.
Wherein, the number of the connectors 2 is two, and the connectors are respectively arranged at two sides of the sample body 1.
Wherein, the sample body 1 and the connector 2 are connected in a sealing way;
preferably, the sample body 1 and the connector 2 are hermetically connected by welding.
Wherein the sample body 1 is formed by welding and assembling a plurality of annular members;
preferably, the plurality of annular members comprise at least two materials.
The application also provides a simulation test method for knowing the corrosion characteristics of the material under the working condition of the high-temperature high-pressure flowing medium, and the method is realized through the sample.
Wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: assembling a sample, namely suspending a test piece 3 in a cavity 11, and welding and sealing the sample body 1 and the connector 2;
step 2: filling a sample with a medium, the medium comprising water;
step 3: connecting two ends of the sample with a circulating pump respectively;
step 4: vertically placing the sample in a heating device, wherein the medium inlet end of the sample is arranged below and the medium outlet end is arranged above;
step 5: heating to a preset temperature, regulating the pressure in the sample to a preset value, circulating the medium in the sample, such as water vapor, through a circulating pump, cooling after lasting for a preset time, and pumping out the medium in the sample, such as water vapor and water;
step 6: breaking the sample along the axial direction, observing and detecting corrosion conditions of all positions of the inner wall of the sample, and weighing the weight of the test piece 3.
According to the test sample and the simulation test method using the test sample, provided by the application, the corrosion characteristics of the material under the combined action of high temperature, high pressure and flowing medium can be detected simultaneously, the corrosion principle and corrosion products are analyzed, the corrosion thickness is measured, the corrosion rate is calculated, the corrosion characteristics of various materials and the welding parts combining the various materials can be measured simultaneously, the test environment is more similar to a complex real working environment, the test result is more reliable, the test efficiency is greatly improved, various data information can be obtained simultaneously, and the test cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a sample according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a connector in a sample according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a structure of a suspension rod in a sample according to a preferred embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-sample body
11-cavity
2-connector
21-air holes
22-internal thread
3-test piece
4-suspension rod
41-external screw thread
42-hole
5-nichrome wire
Detailed Description
The application is further described in detail below by means of the figures and examples. The features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the description.
The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The application provides a test sample for testing the performance of a heat exchange tube of a high-temperature gas cooled reactor, which is shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, and comprises a sample body 1 and a connector 2; the sample body 1 is hollow long tube-shaped, one end of the sample body is connected with the connector 2,
preferably, two connectors 2 are respectively arranged at two sides of the sample body 1.
An air hole 21 is formed in the connector 2, and the air hole 21 is communicated with the cavity 11 in the sample body 1; so that the medium in the cavity, which is a closed member, can flow, the medium inside of which is more easily maintained within a predetermined pressure range,
preferably, a test piece 3 is suspended in the cavity 11, the test piece is a small block-shaped or sheet-shaped member made of a material to be tested, the specific size of the test piece 3 can be determined according to the weightless analysis requirement, the test piece is located in the cavity, the environmental factors such as pressure, temperature, medium flow and the like, which are received in the test process, are consistent with the environmental factors received by the test body, meanwhile, the corrosion rate of the material in the environment can be calculated by a weightless method because the test piece can be made smaller and does not contact with the test body.
In a preferred embodiment, the cavity 11 is cylindrical, and the dimensions of each cross section are consistent, so as to ensure that the pressure of each area inside the sample body 1 is the same, and the environmental influence of each position is closer to the real working environment, so that the test result is closer to the real value.
In a preferred embodiment, a hanging rod 4 is mounted on the connector 2, the other end of the hanging rod 4 is connected with the test piece 3 through a nichrome wire 5, and the hanging rod is connected with the connector 2, so that the nichrome wire 5 and the test piece 3 are not required to be contacted with the sample body 1, the measurement result of the sample body 1 is not affected, and more test samples can be provided; the suspension rod 4 is arranged so that the length of the nichrome wire 5 is not too long, and the suspension rod 4 can also enable the position of the test piece to be more stable, and the swing trend of the test piece can be smaller. Preferably, the nichrome wire 5 is a superalloy capable of not failing in a high-temperature high-pressure flowing medium, belongs to a connecting rope with optimal cost performance, and has a size of about phi 0.1-0.5 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the air hole on the connector 2 adjacent to the sample body 1 is a round hole, the inner wall of the air hole is provided with an internal thread 22, the cross section of the hanging rod 4 is rectangular, the upper end of the hanging rod 4 is provided with an external thread 41, and the lower end of the hanging rod 4 is provided with a hole 42;
the internal thread 22 is matched with the external thread 41, so that the hanging rod 4 is fixed on the connector 2 in a threaded screwing mode, and the installation operation is more convenient, wherein the hanging rod 4 with a rectangular cross section and the air hole with a circular cross section are screwed together by threads, and a gap is necessarily reserved between the hanging rod 4 and the air hole, so that the medium in a sample can be allowed to flow, and the air hole cannot be blocked; moreover, through the mode of spiral screwing and fixing, the hanging rod 4 can be located at the center of the sample, so that the sample is located at the center of the sample, the sample and the sample body can be further ensured not to be interfered by each other, and the test accuracy is improved. The hole 42 at the lower end of the suspension rod 4 makes the connection between the nichrome wire 5 and the suspension rod 4 more convenient and reliable.
In a preferred embodiment, a sealing gasket is provided on the connector 2 on the outside of the side facing away from the sample body 1, preferably the connector 2 is connected to the circulation pump in a sealing manner by means of the sealing gasket. The sealing gasket enables the connection of the sample and the circulating pump to be more convenient and tight, can ensure that the air tightness of the whole test equipment is good, ensures the pressure stability in the sample, and further simulates the real working environment.
In a preferred embodiment, the sample body 1 and the connector 2 are connected in a sealed manner; avoiding medium leakage in the sample and ensuring that the pressure in the sample is within a preset range;
in a preferred embodiment, the sample body 1 is formed by welding and assembling a plurality of annular members; preferably, the plurality of annular members at least comprise two materials, namely, the sample body 1 can contain welding seams between the same materials, and can also protect welding seams between different materials, so that the data information of the finally obtained welding result is greatly enriched.
According to the application, the sample body is in a long tube shape, so that a plurality of materials can be welded together for testing, and the long tube-shaped structure of the sample body is more convenient to heat, so that the temperature of each position of the long tube shape can be basically kept within a preset temperature range, the testing environment is more vivid, and the testing result is more credible;
in the application, a simulation test method for knowing the corrosion characteristics of a material under the working condition of a high-temperature high-pressure flowing medium is also provided, and the method is realized through the sample.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: assembling a sample, including suspending a test piece 3 in a cavity 11, and welding a sealing sample body 1 and a connector 2; the sample body is formed by assembling a plurality of annular components, when two adjacent annular components are made of the same material, the corrosion characteristics of the same material after welding can be detected, and if the two adjacent annular components are made of different materials, the corrosion characteristics of the different materials after welding can be detected.
Step 2: filling a sample with a medium, the medium being an aqueous liquid, such as distilled water;
step 3: connecting two ends of the sample with a circulating pump respectively;
step 4: vertically placing the sample in a heating device, wherein the medium inlet end of the sample is arranged below and the medium outlet end is arranged above; so that the medium in the sample continuously flows from bottom to top;
step 5: heating the sample to a preset temperature, changing water in the sample into water vapor, regulating the pressure of the water vapor in the sample to reach a preset value, enabling the water vapor in the sample to flow through a circulating pump, simulating the real working environment of a heat exchange tube and continuing for a preset time, cooling after the completion, and extracting the steam and water in the sample;
step 6: breaking the sample along the axis direction, observing and detecting the corrosion condition of each position of the inner wall of the sample, and weighing the weight of the test piece 3, wherein the substances on the inner surface of the sample are analyzed, so that the corrosion product of the sample material in the test environment can be known, the corrosion principle is further analyzed, the depth of the material corroded by the wall is known by measuring the thickness of the corrosion layer, and the corrosion rate can be calculated by weighing and comparing the weight difference of the test piece before and after the test and combining the analysis of the test time.
Test example:
butt welding an Incoloy-800H pipe and an SA-213T22 pipe to prepare a sample as shown in figures 1 and 2, adding grade A water into the sample, fixedly connecting two ends of the sample with a circulating pump, vertically placing the sample in a heating furnace, heating the sample to 520+/-5 ℃, adjusting the air pressure in the sample to be 14.5+/-0.5 MPa, controlling the medium steam flow in the sample by the circulating pump, respectively continuously extracting the medium after 100H, 300H, 500H and 1000H, and simultaneously carrying out multiple groups with different time conditions, and carrying out integral calculation evaluation on data information obtained by multiple groups of experiments; after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, breaking the sample, observing and measuring and calculating each parameter of the test, wherein the oxide on the inner surface of the welding head is in a river shape, oxide particles can be observed, an oxide layer is thinner, the thickness of the oxide layer after 1000h test is about 10 mu m, the oxide layer mainly contains Cr, ti, fe, al and Ni elements, and the oxide is Al 2 O 3 And FeCr 2 O 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The surface of the Incoloy-800H parent metal and the heat affected zone is fine oxide particles, and the oxide is oxidizedThe oxide film is about 9 mu m after 1000h test, the oxide layer mainly contains Cr, ti, fe, al and Ni elements, and the oxide is Al 2 O 3 And FeCr 2 O 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the SA-213T22 parent metal and oxide particles with fine surface form thicker oxide film with thickness of about 13 μm after 1000h test, cr, fe and Si elements are contained in the oxide film, and the oxide near steam interface is Fe 3 O 4 The oxide near the matrix is a small amount of CrFe 2 O 4 The corrosion rate of SA-213T22 was calculated to be about 0.03g/m 2 ·h。
The application has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, which are, however, exemplary only and for illustrative purposes. On this basis, the application can be subjected to various substitutions and improvements, and all fall within the protection scope of the application.
Claims (12)
1. A sample for simulating high-temperature high-pressure and flowing medium is characterized in that,
the sample comprises a sample body (1) and a connector (2);
the sample body (1) is in a hollow long pipe shape, one end of the sample body is connected with the connector (2),
an air hole (21) is arranged on the connector (2),
the air hole (21) is communicated with the cavity (11) in the sample body (1);
a test piece (3) is hung in the cavity (11);
a hanging rod (4) is arranged on the connector (2), and the other end of the hanging rod (4) is connected with the test piece (3) through a nichrome wire (5);
the air hole on the connector (2) close to the sample body (1) is a round hole, the inner wall of the air hole is provided with an internal thread (22),
the cross-sectional shape of the hanging rod (4) is rectangular, an external thread (41) is arranged at the upper end of the hanging rod (4), the external thread (41) is matched with the internal thread (22), and a hole (42) is formed at the lower end of the hanging rod (4).
2. The test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that,
the cavity (11) is cylindrical and has uniform dimensions in each cross section.
3. The test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that,
and a sealing gasket is sleeved outside one side of the connector (2) away from the sample body (1).
4. A sample according to claim 3, characterized in that the connection head (2) is connected to the circulation pump by means of a sealing gasket.
5. The test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that,
the number of the connectors (2) is two, and the connectors are respectively arranged at two sides of the sample body (1).
6. The test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that,
the sample body (1) is connected with the connector (2) in a sealing way.
7. The sample according to claim 6, characterized in that the sample body (1) and the connector (2) are hermetically connected by means of welding.
8. The test specimen according to claim 1, characterized in that,
the sample body (1) is formed by welding and assembling a plurality of annular members.
9. The test specimen according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of annular members comprise at least two materials.
10. A simulation test method for obtaining corrosion characteristics of a material under high temperature, high pressure and flowing medium conditions, characterized in that the method is realized by a sample according to any one of claims 1-9.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of determining the position of the first electrode is performed,
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: assembling a sample, including suspending a test piece (3) in a cavity (11), and welding and sealing the test piece body (1) and the connector (2);
step 2: filling a medium in a sample, wherein the medium is aqueous liquid;
step 3: connecting two ends of the sample with a circulating pump respectively;
step 4: vertically placing the sample in a heating device, wherein the medium inlet end of the sample is arranged below and the medium outlet end is arranged above;
step 5: heating to a preset temperature, regulating the pressure in the sample to reach a preset value, enabling the medium in the sample to circularly flow through a circulating pump, cooling after lasting for a preset time, and extracting the medium in the sample;
step 6: breaking the sample along the axial direction, observing and detecting corrosion conditions of all positions of the inner wall of the sample, and weighing the weight of the test piece (3).
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of determining the position of the probe is performed,
in step 2, the medium is water.
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