CN106977714A - Positive electron marking nano probe68Ga NOTA DGL Ac and preparation method thereof and purposes - Google Patents
Positive electron marking nano probe68Ga NOTA DGL Ac and preparation method thereof and purposes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及正电子标记纳米探针68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac及其制备方法与用途,属于医学领域。The invention relates to a positron-labeled nanometer probe 68Ga -NOTA-DGL-Ac, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the medical field.
背景技术Background technique
纳米材料是指一维空间尺寸<100nm的一类材料,由于其特殊的体积及结构使其具有一些特殊性质,例如表面活性好、低毒性、催化能力高以及不易受体内和细胞内各种酶降解等。纳米材料的种类非常丰富,用于分子影像学研究领域的纳米材料可分为有机和无机两大类,其中有机纳米材料包括树状聚合物、脂质体、胶团、铁蛋白等;无机纳米材料包括量子点、氧化铁、金纳米颗粒、超顺磁稀土离子等。树状大分子是1985年由美国密歇根化学研究所的Tomalia等和南佛罗里达大学的Newkome等几乎同时独立开发的一类新型高分子材料。从其诞生到现在,虽然只有短短的三十年,由于其新奇的结构、独特的性能和潜在的应用前景而备受关注。Nanomaterials refer to a class of materials with a one-dimensional space size <100nm. Due to their special volume and structure, they have some special properties, such as good surface activity, low toxicity, high catalytic ability, and are not easy to accept various substances in the body and cells. enzymatic degradation, etc. There are many types of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials used in the field of molecular imaging research can be divided into two categories: organic and inorganic. Organic nanomaterials include dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, ferritin, etc.; inorganic nanomaterials Materials include quantum dots, iron oxide, gold nanoparticles, superparamagnetic rare earth ions, etc. Dendrimers are a new class of polymer materials independently developed in 1985 by Tomalia et al. of the Michigan Institute of Chemistry and Newkome et al. of the University of South Florida almost simultaneously. From its birth to the present, although it has only been 30 years, it has attracted much attention due to its novel structure, unique performance and potential application prospects.
树状大分子多聚赖氨酸(Dendrigraft poly-L-lysine,DGL)是近年来新开发的一种树枝状高分子,除了具备树枝状高分子的共有特性,如双亲性、内部空腔和荷正电性,还易于降解成生物可利用的氨基酸,具有良好的生物相容性,抗菌性,无免疫原,和低毒性。此外,由于结构不太拥挤,他们的树突状框架能够携带大量的分子物。例如DGL最近作为纳米磁共振成像造影剂(与钆配合物混合后),作为穿越血脑屏障的基因递释载体,或通过脂质体和细胞膜转运,这些例子表明这类新型大分子可用于大部分树枝状大分子的应用开发如基因治疗、药物递释和生物成像。Dendrigraft poly-L-lysine (DGL) is a newly developed dendritic polymer in recent years. In addition to possessing the common characteristics of dendritic polymers, such as amphiphilicity, internal cavity and Positively charged, it is also easy to degrade into bioavailable amino acids, has good biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, no immunogen, and low toxicity. Furthermore, their dendritic frameworks are able to carry large amounts of molecules due to the less crowded structure. For example, the recent use of DGL as a nano-MRI contrast agent (mixed with gadolinium complexes), as a gene delivery vehicle across the blood-brain barrier, or transport through liposomes and cell membranes, these examples indicate that this new class of macromolecules can be used in large Some dendrimers are developed for applications such as gene therapy, drug delivery and bioimaging.
近年来,68Ga标记多肽的正电子发射体已经开始展开应。68Ga不依赖加速器生产,由68Ge/68Ga发生器制备,制备方法简便,能够在15min内达到95%以上的放射性标记产率,且68Ga的半衰期为67.6min,其核素性质优良,血液清楚较快,病人受到的辐射相对较少,因此近年来成为正电子药物研究的重点研究对象。对于树状大分子多聚赖氨酸中的放射性标记研究较少,因此本研究进行了68Ga对DGL标记方法的探讨。In recent years, positron emitters of 68 Ga-labeled polypeptides have begun to be applied. 68 Ga does not rely on accelerator production. It is prepared by a 68 Ge/ 68 Ga generator. The preparation method is simple and can achieve a radiolabeling yield of more than 95% within 15 minutes, and the half-life of 68 Ga is 67.6 minutes. Its nuclide properties are excellent. The blood is cleared quickly, and the radiation received by the patient is relatively small, so it has become the key research object of positron drug research in recent years. There are few studies on radioactive labeling in dendrimer polylysine, so this study discusses the method of 68 Ga labeling DGL.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述缺陷而提供一种新型的正电子标记纳米探针68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac,所述探针具有良好的稳定性和生物相容性,可在活体血液中循环、放化产率高,所述正电子标记纳米分子探针的制备方法简单、快速。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above defects and provide a novel positron-labeled nanoprobe 68Ga -NOTA-DGL-Ac, which has good stability and biocompatibility and can circulate in the blood of a living body , The radiochemical yield is high, and the preparation method of the positron-labeled nanometer molecular probe is simple and fast.
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:一种化合物68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac。In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: a compound 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac.
另外,本发明公开一种化合物68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的制备方法,其采用68Ga对前体DGL-NOTA-Ac进行放射性标记,即得化合物68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac。In addition, the present invention discloses a preparation method of compound 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac, which uses 68 Ga to radioactively label the precursor DGL-NOTA-Ac to obtain compound 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac.
优选的,所述化合物68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)取适量稀盐酸对锗-镓发生器进行淋洗,收集洗脱液,选取活度最大的洗脱液;(2)向步骤(1)所得的活度最大的洗脱液中加入醋酸钠溶液,调整pH,然后加入到DGL-NOTA-Ac醋酸钠缓冲液中;(3)将步骤(2)所得混合溶液进行避光反应,反应结束即得68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac。Preferably, the preparation method of the compound 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac comprises the following steps: (1) take an appropriate amount of dilute hydrochloric acid to rinse the germanium-gallium generator, collect the eluent, and select the eluent with the highest activity solution; (2) add sodium acetate solution in the eluent with the maximum activity of step (1) gained, adjust pH, then join in DGL-NOTA-Ac sodium acetate buffer solution; (3) step (2) The resulting mixed solution was subjected to a light-shielding reaction, and 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac was obtained upon completion of the reaction.
优选的,所述步骤(1)中稀盐酸的浓度为0.05mol/L,对锗-镓发生器进行淋洗的淋洗流率1ml/min。Preferably, the concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid in the step (1) is 0.05 mol/L, and the rinsing flow rate for rinsing the germanium-gallium generator is 1 ml/min.
优选的,所述步骤(2)中醋酸钠溶液的浓度为1.0mol/L。Preferably, the concentration of sodium acetate solution in the step (2) is 1.0mol/L.
优选的,所述步骤(2)中调整pH到4.0-4.2。Preferably, the pH is adjusted to 4.0-4.2 in the step (2).
优选的,所述步骤(3)中避光反应的条件为在70℃下避光反应10min。Preferably, the conditions for the reaction in the dark in the step (3) are to react in the dark at 70° C. for 10 minutes.
优选的,所述前体DGL-NOTA-Ac的制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)将DGL G3溶于DMSO中,搅拌混匀至完全溶解;(2)将NOTA-NHS溶于DMSO中,搅拌混匀至完全溶解;(3)将步骤(1)中溶解好的DGL G3与步骤(2)中溶解好的NOTA-NHS进行混合,室温下避光反应;(4)然后向步骤(3)所得混合溶液中加入过量的三乙胺,室温下避光搅拌,然后加入过量的醋酸酐,在相同反应条件下继续反应,反应结束即得前体DGL-NOTA-Ac。Preferably, the preparation method of the precursor DGL-NOTA-Ac comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving DGL G3 in DMSO, stirring and mixing until completely dissolved; (2) dissolving NOTA-NHS in DMSO, stirring Mix until completely dissolved; (3) mix DGL G3 dissolved in step (1) with NOTA-NHS dissolved in step (2), and react in the dark at room temperature; (4) then add to step (3) Add excess triethylamine to the obtained mixed solution, stir at room temperature in the dark, then add excess acetic anhydride, continue the reaction under the same reaction conditions, and obtain the precursor DGL-NOTA-Ac after the reaction is completed.
优选的,所述前体DGL-NOTA-Ac的制备方法还包括步骤(5)反应结束后在0.5mol/L、pH=4.0的醋酸钠缓冲液中透析步骤(4)所得的前体,即可得到较纯的前体DGL-NOTA-Ac。Preferably, the preparation method of the precursor DGL-NOTA-Ac also includes step (5) after the reaction is completed, dialyzing the precursor obtained in step (4) in 0.5mol/L, pH=4.0 sodium acetate buffer solution, namely A relatively pure precursor DGL-NOTA-Ac can be obtained.
另一方面,本发明公开一种化合物68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac作为正电子标记纳米探针在基因治疗、药物递释和生物成像中的应用。On the other hand, the present invention discloses the application of a compound 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac as a positron-labeled nanoprobe in gene therapy, drug delivery and bioimaging.
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明所述化合物68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac具有很高的放化纯度、良好的体外稳定性和水溶性,有利于68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在小鼠活体中的血液循环。本发明所述68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的制备方法,通过合成树状大分子多聚赖氨酸衍生物DGL-NOTA-Ac,并用正电子核素68Ga进行标记,探索了一条简单、快速、放化产率高的正电子标记纳米分子探针途径,为基因治疗、药物递释和生物成像提供了新的研究方向。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the compound 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac of the present invention has very high radiochemical purity, good in vitro stability and water solubility, which is beneficial to the expression of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in mice Blood circulation in a living body. The preparation method of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac described in the present invention explores a simple and convenient method by synthesizing dendrimer polylysine derivative DGL-NOTA-Ac and labeling it with positron nuclide 68 Ga. The rapid and high radiochemical yield of positron-labeled nanomolecular probes provides a new research direction for gene therapy, drug delivery and bioimaging.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为DGL-NOTA-Ac合成示意图;Fig. 1 is the synthesizing schematic diagram of DGL-NOTA-Ac;
图2为DGL-NOTA-Ac的紫外吸光度测定结果,黑色箭头所指为320nm处;Fig. 2 is the ultraviolet absorbance measurement result of DGL-NOTA-Ac, and the black arrow points to 320nm place;
图3为DGL-NOTA-Ac的马尔文纳米粒度电位仪检测结果;Fig. 3 is the detection result of the Malvern nano particle size potentiometer of DGL-NOTA-Ac;
图4为68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的纸层析法检测结果,其中Rf( 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac)=38/200=0.19,Rf( 68 Ga离子)=101/200=0.505;Figure 4 shows the paper chromatography detection results of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac, wherein R f ( 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac) = 38/200 = 0.19, R f ( 68 Ga ion) = 101/200 =0.505;
图5为68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac体外稳定性实验结果;Fig. 5 is the in vitro stability test result of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac;
图6为68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在A459细胞及U87MG细胞内摄取及洗脱实验结果;Figure 6 shows the uptake and elution results of 68Ga -NOTA-DGL-Ac in A459 cells and U87MG cells;
图7为68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在正常小鼠的体内生物学分布结果;Figure 7 is the biodistribution result of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in normal mice;
图8为正常KM小鼠经尾静脉注射68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac后120min Micro-PET显像;Figure 8 is the Micro-PET imaging of normal KM mice injected with 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac through the tail vein for 120 minutes;
图9为68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在荷U87MG肿瘤鼠的体内生物学分布结果;Figure 9 shows the biological distribution results of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in U87MG tumor-bearing mice;
图10为68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac荷瘤裸鼠Micro-PET/CT显像结果,a为经尾静脉注射68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac后120min成像,b为瘤内注射68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac后120min成像,箭头所指为肿瘤。Figure 10 shows the Micro-PET/CT imaging results of 68 Ga-NOTA- DGL -Ac tumor-bearing nude mice . Imaging 120 minutes after NOTA-DGL-Ac, the arrow points to the tumor.
具体实施方式detailed description
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例及附图对本发明作进一步说明。In order to better illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
1.材料与方法1. Materials and methods
1.1前体DGL-NOTA-Ac的合成1.1 Synthesis of precursor DGL-NOTA-Ac
取10mgDGL G3溶于6mL的无水DMSO中,取8.6mg的NOTA-NHS溶于20mL的无水DMSO中,将两者混合,在室温下避光搅拌24h。反应结束后加入过量的三乙胺室温下避光搅拌0.5h,然后加入过量的醋酸酐,在相同反应条件下继续反应24h。反应结束后在0.5mol/L pH=4.0的醋酸钠缓冲液中透析(3天,共换液5次),得到的浓度为1mg/mL,其中DGL-NOTA-Ac合成示意图如图1所示。Take 10mg of DGL G3 dissolved in 6mL of anhydrous DMSO, take 8.6mg of NOTA-NHS dissolved in 20mL of anhydrous DMSO, mix the two, and stir at room temperature for 24h in the dark. After the reaction was completed, excess triethylamine was added and stirred at room temperature in the dark for 0.5 h, then excess acetic anhydride was added, and the reaction was continued for 24 h under the same reaction conditions. After the reaction, dialyze in 0.5mol/L sodium acetate buffer solution with pH=4.0 (for 3 days, change the solution 5 times) to obtain a concentration of 1mg/mL, wherein the synthesis diagram of DGL-NOTA-Ac is shown in Figure 1 .
1.2 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的制备1.2 Preparation of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac
取0.05mol/L HCl 2.5ml对锗-镓发生器进行淋洗,流率1ml/min,收集洗脱液,每支0.5ml共5支。分别进行活度检测,选取活度最大的1支洗脱液,加入32.5μL 1.0mol/L醋酸钠溶液,将pH调整到4.0-4.2,然后加入200μL DGL-NOTA-Ac醋酸钠缓冲液中70℃下避光反应10min,即得68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac。Take 2.5ml of 0.05mol/L HCl to rinse the germanium-gallium generator at a flow rate of 1ml/min, and collect the eluate, 5 tubes of 0.5ml each. Carry out activity detection respectively, select the eluent with the highest activity, add 32.5μL 1.0mol/L sodium acetate solution, adjust the pH to 4.0-4.2, and then add 200μL DGL-NOTA-Ac sodium acetate buffer solution for 70 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac was obtained by reacting in the dark for 10 minutes at ℃.
1.3 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的鉴定和纯化1.3 Identification and purification of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac
采用薄层纸层析法(Thin Layer Chromatography,TLC)对标记物进行鉴定,分离纯化采用PD10纯化柱。取1μL标记物点样,展开剂为0.9%的生理盐水。用0.01mol/L的PBS溶液25mL平衡PD10柱,加入500μL反应混合物,然后用2mL的0.9%生理盐水进行淋洗。取5个EP管,分别编号为1-5,每个EP管接淋洗液0.5mL。淋洗完毕后,测量每个EP管放射性活度,取放射性活度最高的淋洗液进行Radio-TLC测定放化纯度,若放化纯度>99%,则进行体内外生物学实验。Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used to identify markers, and PD10 purification column was used for separation and purification. Take 1 μL of markers for spotting, and the developing agent is 0.9% saline. Equilibrate the PD10 column with 25 mL of 0.01 mol/L PBS solution, add 500 μL of the reaction mixture, and then rinse with 2 mL of 0.9% saline. Take 5 EP tubes, numbered 1-5 respectively, and each EP tube is connected with 0.5mL of eluent. After rinsing, the radioactivity of each EP tube was measured, and the eluate with the highest radioactivity was used to determine the radiochemical purity by Radio-TLC. If the radiochemical purity was >99%, biological experiments in vivo and in vitro were performed.
1.4基本理化性质的测定1.4 Determination of basic physical and chemical properties
将制备的放射性纳米分子探针溶于PBS缓冲液中,目测观察其颜色、澄清度、透明度,取少量样品用标准pH试纸分析其pH值。Dissolve the prepared radioactive nanomolecular probe in PBS buffer, observe its color, clarity, and transparency visually, and take a small amount of sample to analyze its pH value with standard pH test paper.
1.5脂水分配系数测定1.5 Determination of fat-water partition coefficient
取分离纯化后的68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac 10μL,分别加入三个EP管(含有0.5mL正辛醇及0.5mL 0.01mol/L的PBS缓冲液)中,密封后在室温下涡旋2min,3000r/min离心5分钟。用加样枪依次从3个EP管中取有机相及水相各10μL置于γ计数管中,进行γ计数,重复三次。用公式Log P=Log(γ计数正辛醇/γ计数PBS)计算平均Log P值。Take 10 μL of separated and purified 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac, add them to three EP tubes (containing 0.5 mL n-octanol and 0.5 mL 0.01 mol/L PBS buffer solution), seal and vortex at room temperature for 2 min , 3000r/min centrifugation for 5 minutes. Take 10 μL each of the organic phase and the aqueous phase from the three EP tubes sequentially with a sampling gun, place them in γ counting tubes, perform γ counting, and repeat three times. Average Log P values were calculated using the formula Log P = Log(γ count n-octanol/γ count PBS).
1.6 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的体外稳定性评价1.6 In vitro stability evaluation of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac
取20μL(约2.03MBq)的68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac溶液,置于0.5mL的PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4,0.01mol/L),在37℃下孵育30min、60min、90min及120min后取100μL测定其放射化学纯度,以观察其在PBS缓冲液中的稳定性,重复三次。为测68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac溶液在小牛血清中的稳定性,亦在37℃下孵育30min、60min、90min及120min,之后用等体积的PBS稀释胎牛血清,密封后在室温下涡旋2min,1000r/min条件下离心5min,取上清液用Radio-TLC进行分析。Take 20μL (about 2.03MBq) of 68Ga -NOTA-DGL-Ac solution, put it in 0.5mL of PBS buffer (pH=7.4, 0.01mol/L), incubate at 37℃ for 30min, 60min, 90min and 120min Take 100 μL to measure its radiochemical purity to observe its stability in PBS buffer, and repeat three times. In order to test the stability of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac solution in calf serum, it was also incubated at 37°C for 30min, 60min, 90min and 120min, and then dilute fetal bovine serum with an equal volume of PBS, sealed and kept at room temperature Vortex for 2 min, centrifuge at 1000 r/min for 5 min, and take the supernatant for analysis by Radio-TLC.
1.7 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在A549和U87MG细胞中的摄取和洗脱实验1.7 Uptake and elution experiments of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in A549 and U87MG cells
(1)细胞摄取实验:在24孔板中每孔加入5×104个人肺腺癌细胞株A549或人脑胶质瘤细胞株U87MG,培养过夜后使细胞贴壁,隔天除去培养基,每孔加入5μL含185KBq 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的PBS溶液,空白对照组加入5μLPBS溶液(不含68Ga-NOTA-DGL),分别在37℃下孵育20min、40min、80mim及120min后,每孔用0.5mL冰冻的PBS洗3次,然后用0.25%胰蛋白酶/0.02%EDTA消化细胞,收集细胞悬液后用γ计数仪测量放射性计数。细胞摄取数据全部经过衰减校正后用细胞结合率即百分加入剂量表示,实验设三个平行,重复3次。(1) Cell uptake experiment: Add 5 ×104 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 or human glioma cell line U87MG to each well of a 24-well plate, culture overnight to allow the cells to adhere to the wall, remove the medium the next day, Add 5 μL PBS solution containing 185KBq 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac to each well, add 5 μL PBS solution (without 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL) to the blank control group, and incubate at 37°C for 20min, 40min, 80mim and 120min respectively. Each well was washed 3 times with 0.5mL frozen PBS, and then the cells were digested with 0.25% trypsin/0.02% EDTA, and the radioactive count was measured with a gamma counter after collecting the cell suspension. The cell uptake data were all expressed by the cell binding rate after attenuation correction, that is, the percentage of the added dose. The experiment was set in three parallels and repeated 3 times.
(2)细胞洗脱实验:在24孔板中每孔加入5×104个A549或U87MG,在37℃下与185KBq/孔的68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac共同孵育1h使其充分内在化。然后去培养基,用冰冻的PBS冲洗3次,再加入无血清培养液在37℃下孵育0min、20min、40min、80mim及120min。之后每孔用0.5mL冰冻的PBS冲洗3次,最后用0.25%胰蛋白酶/0.02%EDTA消化细胞,收集细胞悬液后用γ计数仪测量放射性计数。细胞洗脱数据全部经过衰减校正后用细胞滞留率即百分加入剂量表示,实验设三个平行,重复3次。(2) Cell elution experiment: add 5×10 4 A549 or U87MG to each well of a 24-well plate, and incubate with 185 KBq/well of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac at 37°C for 1 hour to fully internalize . Then remove the culture medium, wash with frozen PBS for 3 times, then add serum-free medium and incubate at 37°C for 0min, 20min, 40min, 80min and 120min. Afterwards, each well was washed three times with 0.5 mL of frozen PBS, and finally the cells were digested with 0.25% trypsin/0.02% EDTA, and the radioactive count was measured with a gamma counter after collecting the cell suspension. The cell elution data were all expressed by the cell retention rate after the attenuation correction, that is, the percentage of the added dose. The experiment was set in three parallels and repeated 3 times.
1.8 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在正常小鼠的体内生物学分布Biodistribution of 1.8 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in normal mice
昆明小鼠禁食禁水12小时,分别对正常小鼠进行标记、分组(共12只,分为4组,每组3只),对计数管进行标号及称重。注射器抽取100μL示踪剂,测放射性活度,将每支注射器进行编号,且编号与小鼠编号相一致。用2%异氟烷将小鼠麻醉,然后用酒精擦拭小鼠尾部,经尾静脉注射示踪剂。分别于注射示踪剂5min、30min、60min及120min后进行眼球取血,之后行断颈处死及主要器官(心、肺、肝、脾、肾、胃、肠、胰、脑、肌肉、骨骼、皮毛)解剖,PBS缓冲液清洗干净晾干后分别置于相应编号的空计数管内。对所有装有脏器组织的计数管进行称重,脏器组织重量=总重量-空计数管重量。用γ计数仪对装有脏器组织的计数管进行γ计数,经衰减校正后计算每克组织的放射性计数,用每克组织百分注射剂量(ID%/g)表示。The Kunming mice were fasted for 12 hours, and the normal mice were marked and grouped (12 in total, divided into 4 groups, 3 in each group), and the counting tubes were labeled and weighed. Draw 100 μL tracer into the syringe, measure the radioactivity, and number each syringe, and the number is consistent with the number of the mouse. The mice were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane, then the tails of the mice were wiped with alcohol, and the tracer was injected through the tail vein. Blood was collected from the eyeball 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes after the injection of the tracer, and then executed by neck dislocation and the main organs (heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, intestine, pancreas, brain, muscle, bone, fur) were dissected, washed with PBS buffer and dried, and then placed in corresponding numbered empty counting tubes. Weigh all the counting tubes with organ tissues, organ tissue weight=total weight−empty counting tube weight. Gamma counting was carried out on the counting tube containing the organs and tissues with a gamma counter, and the radioactive count per gram of tissue was calculated after attenuation correction, expressed as percent injected dose per gram of tissue (ID%/g).
1.968Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在正常小鼠的Micro-PET显像Micro-PET imaging of 1.9 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in normal mice
Micro-PET采集及图像分析是用西门子Inevon小动物PET/CT进行的。正常小鼠在水合氯醛溶液腹腔注射麻醉下经鼠尾静脉注射250μL(12.7MBq)68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac,实验动物置于俯卧位进行固定,在注射显像剂后120min采集静态图像,扫描完成后进行数据重建。Micro-PET acquisition and image analysis were performed with Siemens Inevon small animal PET/CT. Normal mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate solution and injected 250 μL (12.7MBq) 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac through the tail vein of the rats. The experimental animals were fixed in the prone position, and static images were collected 120 minutes after the injection of the imaging agent. , data reconstruction is performed after the scan is completed.
1.10 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在荷U87MG肿瘤鼠的Micro-PET显像1.10 Micro-PET imaging of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in mice bearing U87MG tumor
荷U87MG荷瘤鼠在2%异氟烷麻醉下分别经尾静脉及瘤内注射约3.7MBq(100μCi)及1.11MBq(30μCi)的68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac,分别于注射显像剂15min、60min、120min后采集静态图像。在衰减校正后的全身冠状位图像上勾画肿瘤及主要脏器的感兴趣区,测量放射性摄取值,用%ID/g表示,PET显像结束后将动物行断颈处死,遵循动物福利原则。Under 2% isoflurane anesthesia, U87MG tumor-bearing mice were injected with about 3.7 MBq (100 μCi) and 1.11 MBq (30 μCi) of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac through the tail vein and intratumorally, respectively, and the imaging agent was injected for 15 minutes. , 60min, and 120min later collect static images. On the attenuation-corrected coronal images of the whole body, the regions of interest of the tumor and major organs were delineated, and the radioactive uptake value was measured, expressed as %ID/g. After the PET imaging was completed, the animals were sacrificed by neck dislocation, following the principles of animal welfare.
1.11 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在荷U87MG肿瘤鼠的体内生物学分布1.11 Biological distribution of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in mice bearing U87MG tumor
在2%异氟烷麻醉状态下将每只荷U87MG肿瘤鼠通过尾静脉注射约3.7MBq(100μCi)的68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac。在注射显像剂1小时后经断颈处死荷U87MG肿瘤鼠,解剖并分离肿瘤和主要脏器,并将其放入空计数管后进行称重(总重量),然后用γ计数仪测量放射性计数,肿瘤和正常脏器的放射性摄取用ID%/g表示,具体实验步骤如1.8。Under 2% isoflurane anesthesia, each U87MG tumor-bearing mouse was injected with about 3.7 MBq (100 μCi) of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac through the tail vein. One hour after the injection of the imaging agent, the U87MG tumor-bearing mice were killed by neck dissection, and the tumor and major organs were dissected and separated, and put into an empty counting tube for weighing (total weight), and then the radioactivity was measured with a gamma counter Counting, radioactive uptake by tumors and normal organs is represented by ID%/g, and the specific experimental steps are as in 1.8.
2.结论2. Conclusion
2.1 DGL-NOTA-Ac的表征2.1 Characterization of DGL-NOTA-Ac
DGL纳米载体、NOTA-NHS及反应后的DGL-NOTA冻干产物各取1mg,分别溶于2mL的超纯水中进行紫外吸光度检测。结果表明,纳米载体DGL在200-500nm波长处无紫外吸收,而NOTA-NHS在320nm波长处具有紫外吸收峰,合成的产物在相应的位置320nm左右出现紫外吸收峰(图2),说明DGL-NOTA-Ac成功合成,将合成产物DGL-NOTA-Ac进行通过马尔文纳米粒度电位仪检测其在水中的粒径大小,结果显示DGL-NOTA-Ac的粒径大小为(35.02±1.53)nm(图3)。Take 1 mg of DGL nanocarrier, NOTA-NHS and the reacted DGL-NOTA lyophilized product, respectively, and dissolve them in 2 mL of ultrapure water for ultraviolet absorbance detection. The results show that the nanocarrier DGL has no ultraviolet absorption at 200-500nm wavelength, while NOTA-NHS has an ultraviolet absorption peak at 320nm wavelength, and the synthesized product has an ultraviolet absorption peak at about 320nm at the corresponding position (Figure 2), indicating that DGL- NOTA-Ac was successfully synthesized, and the synthetic product DGL-NOTA-Ac was tested for its particle size in water by a Malvern nanometer particle size potentiometer. The results showed that the particle size of DGL-NOTA-Ac was (35.02±1.53) nm( image 3).
2.2 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的标记及质量控制2.2 Labeling and quality control of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac
如图4所示,68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的放化产率可达96%,经PD10纯化柱分离纯化后放化纯度大于98%,pH值介于4.0-4.2之间为无色、透明、澄清的溶液,无其他重金属污染。将250μL的68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac探针经尾静脉注射正常KM小鼠体内(n=3),观察7天,均未出现KM小鼠死亡的现象,说明此纳米探针无明显毒性。As shown in Figure 4, the radiochemical yield of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac can reach 96%, the radiochemical purity after separation and purification by PD10 purification column is greater than 98%, and the pH value is between 4.0-4.2 and it is colorless , Transparent, clear solution, no other heavy metal pollution. 250 μL of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac probe was injected into normal KM mice (n=3) through the tail vein, and observed for 7 days, no KM mice died, indicating that the nanoprobe has no obvious toxicity .
2.3脂水分配系数测定2.3 Determination of fat-water partition coefficient
脂水分配系数实验是为了测量其亲脂程度,经测定68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的LogP=Log[(脂相γ计数-背景平均γ计数)/(水相γ计数-背景平均γ计数)]=-1.62,说明此纳米分子探针呈亲水性。The lipid-water partition coefficient experiment is to measure the degree of lipophilicity, and the LogP=Log[(lipid phase γ count-background average γ count)/(water phase γ count-background average γ count) of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac is measured. )]=-1.62, indicating that the nanomolecular probe is hydrophilic.
2.4 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的Radio-TLC分析及体外稳定性实验2.4 Radio-TLC analysis and in vitro stability test of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac
Radio-TLC分析结果显示,GaCl3的Rf值为0.505,68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的Rf值为0.19。体外稳定性研究结果如图5所示,其在0.01mol/L pH值7.4PBS溶液及小牛血清中静置2h,放化纯均>95%。上述实验表明,68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac具有较好的体外稳定性,该标记化合物的比活度为30GBq/μmol。Radio-TLC analysis results showed that the R f value of GaCl 3 was 0.505, and the R f value of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac was 0.19. The results of the in vitro stability study are shown in Figure 5. After standing in 0.01mol/L PBS solution with a pH value of 7.4 and calf serum for 2 hours, the radiochemical purity was >95%. The above experiments show that 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac has good in vitro stability, and the specific activity of the labeled compound is 30 GBq/μmol.
2.5细胞摄取及洗脱实验2.5 Cell uptake and elution experiments
为测定68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac的细胞结合及细胞滞留特性,分别用A549及U87MG进行细胞摄取及洗脱实验。结果表明A549及U87MG细胞能快速、高效地结合68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac,如图6所示,且随着孵育时间延长,显像剂对两种细胞结合力进一步增强,在孵育2h时达到高峰。在细胞洗脱实验中,68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在两种细胞中均表现为随时间的延长缓慢下降,说明68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在细胞内排泄缓慢,而在2h末仍有显像剂滞留。In order to determine the cell binding and cell retention properties of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac, A549 and U87MG were used for cell uptake and elution experiments, respectively. The results show that A549 and U87MG cells can quickly and efficiently bind 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac, as shown in Figure 6, and as the incubation time prolongs, the binding force of the imaging agent to the two cells is further enhanced. reach the peak. In the cell elution experiment, 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac showed a slow decrease with the extension of time in both types of cells, indicating that 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac was excreted slowly in the cells, and remained at the end of 2 hours. There is developer retention.
2.6 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在正常小鼠的体内生物学分布2.6 68 Biological distribution of Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in normal mice
68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在正常昆明小鼠的体内生物学分布结果如图7所示,结果显示:在注射显像剂30min后血液的放射性明显低于5min,各为(3.43±1.93)ID%/g和(8.73±1.21)ID%/g,说明68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在血液中清楚速度较快。在注射显像剂5min、30min、60min及120min后,放射性摄取主要聚集在肝脏和脾脏,且放射性摄取在肝脏随着时间的延长有所升高,而在脾脏随着时间的延长有所下降。双肾在各个时间点放射性摄取值均较低,而肝脏在各个时间点放射性摄取值均较高,说明68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac是通过肝脏代谢,而非经肾脏排泄。The biodistribution results of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in normal Kunming mice are shown in Figure 7. The results showed that the radioactivity in the blood was significantly lower than 5 minutes after the imaging agent was injected for 30 minutes, each being (3.43±1.93) ID%/g and (8.73±1.21) ID%/g indicated that 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac cleared faster in blood. After injection of imaging agent for 5min, 30min, 60min and 120min, the radioactive uptake mainly accumulated in the liver and spleen, and the radioactive uptake in the liver increased with time, while that in the spleen decreased with time. The radioactive uptake values of both kidneys were lower at each time point, while the radioactive uptake values of the liver were higher at each time point, indicating that 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac was metabolized by the liver rather than excreted by the kidneys.
2.7 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在正常小鼠的Micro-PET显像2.7 Micro-PET imaging of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in normal mice
68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在正常KM小鼠经尾静脉注射120min后的Micro-PET显像结果(图8)表明,探针68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac主要分布在肝脏,其次为脾脏,膀胱少量摄取,双肾及其他脏器未见明显摄取。The Micro-PET imaging results of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in normal KM mice after 120 min of tail vein injection (Figure 8) showed that the probe 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac was mainly distributed in the liver, followed by the spleen , a small amount of uptake in the bladder, no significant uptake in the kidneys and other organs.
2.8 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在荷U87MG肿瘤鼠的体内生物学分布2.8 Biological distribution of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in U87MG tumor-bearing mice
纳米分子探针68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在U87MG肿瘤鼠经尾静脉注射1小时后,其在肿瘤组织及主要脏器中的放射性摄取程度见图9。结果表明:注射显像剂1小时后,U87MG肿瘤组织摄取值为(0.19±0.02)ID%/g,低于其他主要脏器组织。显像剂在肝脏和脾脏放射性摄取较高,分别为(65.75±0.10)ID%/g及(9.79±0.58)ID%/g。Figure 9 shows the degree of radioactive uptake of the nanomolecular probe 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in U87MG tumor mice via tail vein injection for 1 hour in tumor tissues and major organs. The results showed that: 1 hour after the injection of the imaging agent, the uptake value of U87MG tumor tissue was (0.19±0.02) ID%/g, which was lower than that of other major organs. The radioactive uptake of the imaging agent was higher in the liver and spleen, which were (65.75±0.10) ID%/g and (9.79±0.58) ID%/g, respectively.
2.9 68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在U87MG荷瘤鼠的Micro-PET显像2.9 Micro-PET imaging of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in U87MG tumor-bearing mice
通过Micro PET/CT显像可观察68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac在U87MG荷瘤鼠中的体内药代动力学特性,从图10中可见,经尾静脉注射68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac后,显像剂主要分布在肝脏,其次是心脏,瘤结节未见明显摄取。在注射显像剂15min、60min及120min后瘤组织的摄取值分别为(6.18±1.44)、(7.58±1.88)和(5.93±0.48)。而瘤内注射结果显示,显像剂68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac主要分布在瘤结节内,全身其他组织及脏器均未见明显摄取。在瘤内注射显像剂15min、60min及120min后,瘤组织的摄取值分别是(29.82±1.88)、(27.68±3.78)及(27.28±2.65)。The in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac in U87MG tumor-bearing mice can be observed by Micro PET/CT imaging. It can be seen from Figure 10 that after injection of 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac , the imaging agent was mainly distributed in the liver, followed by the heart, and no obvious uptake was seen in the tumor nodules. The uptake values of tumor tissue were (6.18±1.44), (7.58±1.88) and (5.93±0.48) after injection of imaging agent for 15min, 60min and 120min, respectively. The results of intratumoral injection showed that the imaging agent 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac was mainly distributed in the tumor nodules, and there was no significant uptake in other tissues and organs throughout the body. After intratumoral injection of imaging agent for 15 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes, the uptake values of tumor tissues were (29.82±1.88), (27.68±3.78) and (27.28±2.65), respectively.
3.结论分析3. Conclusion Analysis
本发明通过合成了树状大分子多聚赖氨酸衍生物DGL-NOTA-Ac,并用正电子核素68Ga进行了成功标记,该方法探索了一条简单、快速、放化产率高的正电子标记纳米分子探针途径。在正常小鼠的体内生物学分布及正常小鼠的Micro-PET显像中均表明,68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac纳米分子探针在正常鼠体内主要分布于肝脏和脾脏,其他脏器未见明显代谢。而在U87MG荷瘤鼠活体成像及体内生物学分布中也显示出纳米探针主要集聚于肝脏及脾脏,肿瘤内未见明显摄取。主要原因可能在于:1.68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac作为纳米探针,由于水动力学检测出纳米粒径为(35.02±1.53)nm,因此该探针易被网状内皮系统吞噬,造成肝脏内的大量摄取。2.68Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac纳米探针具有肿瘤被动靶向性,造成肿瘤摄取及成像效果不理想。The present invention synthesizes the dendrimer polylysine derivative DGL-NOTA-Ac, and successfully labels it with the positron nuclide 68 Ga. This method explores a simple, fast, and high radiochemical yield positron Electronically labeled nanomolecular probe pathways. The in vivo biological distribution of normal mice and the Micro-PET imaging of normal mice showed that 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac nano-molecular probes were mainly distributed in the liver and spleen in normal mice, and other organs were not. See overt metabolism. In vivo imaging and in vivo biological distribution of U87MG tumor-bearing mice also showed that the nanoprobes were mainly concentrated in the liver and spleen, and there was no obvious uptake in the tumor. The main reasons may be: 1. 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac is used as a nanoprobe, because the nanometer particle size detected by hydrodynamics is (35.02 ± 1.53) nm, so the probe is easily swallowed by the reticuloendothelial system, resulting in High intake in the liver. 2. 68 Ga-NOTA-DGL-Ac nanoprobe has passive tumor targeting, resulting in unsatisfactory tumor uptake and imaging effects.
后期研究我们将从以下两方面进行改进:1.选取纳米尺寸较小的纳米分子作为载体,如DGL-G2等,使得修饰后的纳米尺寸适合在肿瘤部位积聚,最大可能减少肝、脾等网状内皮系统的摄取。2.增加纳米探针的肿瘤主动靶向性,可在纳米表面修饰RGD等靶向胶质瘤的靶向肽,增加其肿瘤靶向性。We will make improvements in the following two aspects in the later research: 1. Select nano-sized molecules with smaller nanometer size as carriers, such as DGL-G2, etc., so that the modified nano-sized molecules are suitable for accumulation in tumor sites, and the maximum possible reduction in liver, spleen and other network uptake by the endothelial system. 2. To increase the active tumor targeting of nanoprobes, RGD and other targeting peptides targeting glioma can be modified on the nanometer surface to increase its tumor targeting.
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limit the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that The technical solution of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the essence of the technical solution of the present invention.
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