CN106972277B - Electromagnetic metamaterial - Google Patents
Electromagnetic metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN106972277B CN106972277B CN201610023890.7A CN201610023890A CN106972277B CN 106972277 B CN106972277 B CN 106972277B CN 201610023890 A CN201610023890 A CN 201610023890A CN 106972277 B CN106972277 B CN 106972277B
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- fractal structure
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000005749 Anthriscus sylvestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an electromagnetic metamaterial which can be used in the fields of wireless energy transmission systems, electromagnetic protection and the like, has magnetic permeability close to zero and is transparent to low-frequency magnetic field absorption and high-frequency electromagnetic waves, and comprises a base material, wherein a fractal structure layer is arranged on at least one of the upper surface and the lower surface of the base material, and comprises annular metal wires and metal wires with fractal structures, wherein the annular metal wires and the metal wires are arranged on the surface of the base material; the metal wire of the fractal structure is positioned inside the annular metal wire and is surrounded by the annular metal wire; the electromagnetic metamaterial can absorb electromagnetic radiation of a low-frequency magnetic field and various harmonic waves in application, can reduce harm to surrounding equipment or personnel, has the characteristic of a high-frequency transparent bidirectional electromagnetic material, and can be used in the fields of wireless energy transmission systems, electromagnetic protection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic materials, in particular to an electromagnetic metamaterial which can be used in the fields of wireless energy transmission systems, electromagnetic protection and the like, has magnetic permeability close to zero, and has low-frequency magnetic field absorption and transparency to high-frequency electromagnetic waves.
Background
The hazard of electromagnetic radiation is of increasing concern and has received great attention. With the continuous popularization of various wireless power transmission devices, such as wearable wireless devices, wireless charging devices and the like, strong magnetic fields and various harmonic waves caused by large currents in the systems can generate certain electromagnetic hazards to the environment and human bodies, and meanwhile, the communication needs to be smooth through high-frequency signals. Therefore, it is necessary to design an advanced functional material to achieve electromagnetic radiation absorption of low frequency magnetic fields and various harmonics, reduce the harm thereof, and simultaneously, provide a bi-directional electromagnetic material transparent at high frequencies.
The wave absorbing material is generally a material capable of effectively absorbing the incident electromagnetic wave to attenuate the energy thereof, such as a metamaterial made of a Keck (Koch) fractal structure and Hilbert (Hilbert), and the wave absorbing material can convert the incident electromagnetic wave into heat energy or other forms of energy through various loss mechanisms of the material so as to achieve the purpose of wave absorbing; the traditional low-frequency wave absorbing material mainly adopts ferrite, has the characteristic of higher absorptivity, but has the defects of narrow absorption band, thicker thickness, high density, fragility, higher price and the like.
Metamaterials with some electromagnetic transparency, such as chinese patent No.: 2011100618744 it is shown that the basic principle of the electromagnetic transparent metamaterial is that a plurality of metal branches are arranged on a base material, and a certain two-dimensional circuit is formed by the metal branches, so that the electromagnetic transparent effect is realized. And for example, chinese patent number: 2011100618513, the basic principle of which is that a plurality of corresponding two-dimensional and three-dimensional metal branches are arranged on a base material to form corresponding microcircuits, so as to realize the electromagnetic transparent effect.
Therefore, if an electromagnetic metamaterial capable of absorbing a low-frequency magnetic field and being transparent to high-frequency electromagnetic waves can be designed, the electromagnetic metamaterial can be more suitable for the development needs of the current society, and can play a significant role in the fields of wireless electric energy transmission systems, electromagnetic protection and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, adapt to the actual needs, and provide an electromagnetic metamaterial which can be used in the fields of wireless energy transmission systems, electromagnetic protection and the like, has magnetic permeability close to zero, and has low-frequency magnetic field absorption and high-frequency electromagnetic wave transparency.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the inventor of the patent designs an electromagnetic metamaterial through long-term research on a Keck (Koch) fractal structure and a Hilbert (Hilbert) fractal structure with a low-frequency wave absorbing function, wherein the electromagnetic metamaterial comprises a substrate material; a fractal structure layer is arranged on at least one of the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate material, and the fractal structure layer comprises annular metal wires and metal wires of a fractal structure, wherein the annular metal wires and the metal wires of the fractal structure are arranged on the surface of the substrate material; the metal wire of the fractal structure is positioned inside the annular metal wire and is surrounded by the annular metal wire.
Preferably, the fractal structure layers are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate material.
Preferably, the shortest distance between the outermost side of the metal wire of the fractal structure and the annular metal wire is 1.0 mm-3.0 mm.
Preferably, the shortest distance between the outermost side of the metal wire of the fractal structure and the annular metal wire is 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm or 3.0mm.
Preferably, the base material is a PCB board made of polytetrafluoroethylene (FR 4); the annular metal wire and the metal wire of the fractal structure are both made of copper.
Preferably, the PCB board is a flexible PCB board.
Preferably, the annular metal wire and the metal wire of the fractal structure are arranged on the substrate material through an etching process.
Preferably, the fractal structure is a Hilbert (Hilbert) fractal structure or a Koch (Koch) fractal structure.
Preferably, the ring is a circular ring or a positive N-shape; and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to four.
Preferably, the ring is regular quadrangle or regular hexagon or regular octagon or regular dodecagon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the electromagnetic metamaterial realizes the characteristic of low-frequency wave absorption through the metal wire with the fractal structure with the magnetic permeability close to zero, realizes the function of high-frequency transparency through the annular metal wire with the annular structure, can realize the electromagnetic radiation absorption of a low-frequency magnetic field and various harmonic waves in application, reduces the harm to surrounding equipment or personnel, and has the characteristic of high-frequency transparent bidirectional electromagnetic material; namely, the electromagnetic metamaterial has the function of realizing the dual functions of absorbing a low-frequency magnetic field and transparentizing a high-frequency electromagnetic field, so that the electromagnetic metamaterial can be used in the fields of wireless energy transmission systems, electromagnetic protection and the like.
2. The electromagnetic metamaterial is not completely made of metal, so that the electromagnetic metamaterial has the advantages of light weight and the like, and the design has the advantages of frequency selection property, wide angle property, insensitivity to electromagnetic wave polarization and the like through the combination of the annular structure and the fractal structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Hilbert (Hilbert) fractal structure with a frequency-adjustable low-frequency wave-absorbing function;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of a Hilbert fractal structure with tunable frequency and low frequency wave absorbing capability;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Keke (Koch) fractal structure with adjustable frequency and low frequency wave absorbing function;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing two fractal structures of Keke (Koch) with adjustable frequency and low frequency wave absorbing function;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic metamaterial structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of two electromagnetic metamaterial structures according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the main structure of the electromagnetic metamaterial in the cross section state of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of specific dimensions of a Hilbert fractal structure used in the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of specific dimensions of a Keck (Koch) fractal structure used in the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the specific dimensions of a wire in the form of a loop for use in the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the specific dimensions of a quadrilateral metal wire used in the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the specific dimensions of a hexagonal wire used in the present invention;
in the figure: 100. a base material; 200 and 300 are each: a fractal structural layer; 201. a first Hilbert (Hilbert) fractal structure; 202. a second Hilbert (Hilbert) fractal structure; 203. a first kock (Koch) fractal structure; 204. a second type of Koch fractal structure; 205. a metal wire in the shape of a regular quadrilateral ring; 206. a metal wire in the shape of a regular hexagon ring; 207. a circular ring-shaped metal wire.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
example 1: an electromagnetic metamaterial, see fig. 1 to 8; the PCB comprises a base material 100, wherein the base material 100 is a PCB made of polytetrafluoroethylene (FR 4), and the PCB is a flexible PCB; the key point of the design is that a fractal structure layer 200 is arranged on one surface of the upper surface and the lower surface of the base material 100, and the fractal structure layer 200 comprises annular metal wires and metal wires with fractal structures which are arranged on the surface of the base material; the metal wire of the fractal structure is positioned inside the annular metal wire and is surrounded by the annular metal wire; the annular metal wire has the function of high-frequency transparency in application, and the metal wire of the fractal structure has the function of low-frequency absorption; meanwhile, the shortest distance between the outermost side of the metal wire of the fractal structure and the annular metal wire is 1.0 mm-3.0 mm, specifically, the shortest distance between the outermost side of the metal wire of the fractal structure and the annular metal wire is 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm or 3.0mm. The annular metal wire and the metal wire of the fractal structure are both made of copper, and the annular metal wire and the metal wire of the fractal structure are arranged on the base material through an etching process.
In this design, in order to realize the controllability of the wave absorption band of this design, in this invention, the number of stages and the size of the fractal structure may be changed, specifically, the fractal structure may be a Hilbert (Hilbert) fractal structure or a Koch (Koch) fractal structure, and specifically, the fractal structure may be a first Hilbert (Hilbert) fractal structure 201 shown in fig. 1, or may be a second Hilbert (Hilbert) fractal structure 202 shown in fig. 2, 5 and 7; the ring is a circular ring or a positive N-shaped, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to four; in this design, the ring shape may be a regular quadrangle as shown in fig. 5 or a regular hexagon or a regular octagon or a regular dodecagon as shown in fig. 6.
Embodiment 2 is the same as embodiment 1, and is not described in detail, except that the dimensions shown in fig. 9-13 are adopted for implementation;
table 1: FIG. 9
Table 2: FIG. 10
Table 3: FIG. 11
Table 4: FIG. 12
Table 5: FIG. 13
The embodiment 3, which is the same as the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2, is not described herein, and is different in that the fractal structure layers 200 and 300 are disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the base material 100, and by this design, magnetic resonance can be generated between the front and rear layers of the base material 100.
In summary, the electromagnetic metamaterial realizes the characteristic of low-frequency wave absorption through the metal wire with the fractal structure with the magnetic conductivity close to zero, realizes the function of high-frequency transparency through the annular metal wire with the annular structure, can realize the electromagnetic radiation absorption of a low-frequency magnetic field and various harmonic waves in application, reduces the harm to surrounding equipment or personnel, and has the characteristic of the high-frequency transparent bidirectional electromagnetic material; namely, the electromagnetic metamaterial has the function of realizing the dual functions of absorbing a low-frequency magnetic field and transparentizing a high-frequency electromagnetic field, so that the electromagnetic metamaterial can be used in the fields of wireless energy transmission systems, electromagnetic protection and the like.
The embodiments of the present invention are disclosed as preferred embodiments, but not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will readily appreciate from the foregoing description that various extensions and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An electromagnetic metamaterial, comprising a base material; the method is characterized in that: a fractal structure layer is arranged on at least one of the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate material, and the fractal structure layer comprises annular metal wires and metal wires of a fractal structure, wherein the annular metal wires and the metal wires of the fractal structure are arranged on the surface of the substrate material; the metal wire of the fractal structure is positioned inside the annular metal wire and is surrounded by the annular metal wire;
the fractal structure is a Hilbert fractal structure or a Keck fractal structure;
the ring is a circular ring or a positive N-shaped; and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to four.
2. The electromagnetic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the fractal structure layers are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate material.
3. Electromagnetic metamaterial according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the shortest distance between the outermost side of the metal wire of the fractal structure and the annular metal wire is 1.0 mm-3.0 mm.
4. An electromagnetic metamaterial as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the shortest distance between the outermost side of the metal wire of the fractal structure and the annular metal wire is 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm or 3.0mm.
5. Electromagnetic metamaterial according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the substrate material is a PCB board made of polytetrafluoroethylene; the annular metal wire and the metal wire of the fractal structure are both made of copper.
6. The electromagnetic metamaterial according to claim 5, wherein: the PCB is a flexible PCB.
7. Electromagnetic metamaterial according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the annular metal wire and the metal wire of the fractal structure are arranged on the substrate material through an etching process.
8. The electromagnetic metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the ring is regular quadrangle, regular hexagon, regular octagon or regular dodecagon.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610023890.7A CN106972277B (en) | 2016-01-14 | 2016-01-14 | Electromagnetic metamaterial |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610023890.7A CN106972277B (en) | 2016-01-14 | 2016-01-14 | Electromagnetic metamaterial |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106972277A CN106972277A (en) | 2017-07-21 |
| CN106972277B true CN106972277B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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| CN201610023890.7A Active CN106972277B (en) | 2016-01-14 | 2016-01-14 | Electromagnetic metamaterial |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107623191A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-23 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of low frequency Meta Materials wave-absorber of frequency-adjustable |
| WO2021022883A1 (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-11 | 深圳光启高端装备技术研发有限公司 | Meta-material, de-icing device, and aircraft |
| CN111817022B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2021-11-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十三研究所 | Broadband ultrathin wave-absorbing metamaterial for visual window of aircraft |
| CN111900549B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-06-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-transparency diffuse reflection super surface based on regular hexagon distributed ring grid |
| CN113224547A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-06 | 电子科技大学 | Hollowed-out Koch snowflake parting structure ultra-wideband terahertz wave absorber |
| CN114883810A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-09 | 电子科技大学 | Miniaturized multi-band polarization insensitive flexible extensible frequency selection surface |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011159262A1 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2011-12-22 | The Office Of National Telecommunications Commission | Metamaterial based ultra thin microstrip antennas |
| CN102723608A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-10-10 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Metamaterial |
| CN103094708A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-05-08 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Wave-absorbing metamaterial |
| CN103296433A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-11 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Metamaterial |
| CN104485515A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-04-01 | 武汉市工程科学技术研究院 | A broadband absorbing material loaded with lumped elements |
| CN205282658U (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-06-01 | 武汉碧海云天科技股份有限公司 | Super material of electromagnetism |
-
2016
- 2016-01-14 CN CN201610023890.7A patent/CN106972277B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011159262A1 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2011-12-22 | The Office Of National Telecommunications Commission | Metamaterial based ultra thin microstrip antennas |
| CN103094708A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-05-08 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | Wave-absorbing metamaterial |
| CN102723608A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-10-10 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Metamaterial |
| CN103296433A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-11 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Metamaterial |
| CN104485515A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-04-01 | 武汉市工程科学技术研究院 | A broadband absorbing material loaded with lumped elements |
| CN205282658U (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-06-01 | 武汉碧海云天科技股份有限公司 | Super material of electromagnetism |
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