CN106971198A - A kind of pneumoconiosis grade decision method and system based on deep learning - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of pneumoconiosis grade decision method based on deep learning, methods described is classified and image enhaucament pretreatment to the medical image of Chest Radiograph in Pneumoconiosis, classification judgement is carried out to large batch of pneumoconiosis by the deep learning method of convolutional neural networks afterwards, it is final that the judgement treated and judge pneumoconiosis medical image is realized using obtained pneumoconiosis grade judgment models.The present invention has the beneficial effect that can quickly, accurately, efficiently carry out pneumoconiosis grade judgement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of information analysis, in particular to a pneumoconiosis grade judgment method based on deep learning.
Background
The canonical name of pneumoconiosis is pneumoconiosis, a systemic disease mainly characterized by diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue due to the prolonged inhalation of productive dust during professional activities and within the lung. Pneumoconiosis is classified into inorganic pneumoconiosis and organic pneumoconiosis according to the type of inhaled dust. The pneumoconiosis caused by the inhalation of inorganic dust in the production work is called inorganic pneumoconiosis. The majority of pneumoconiosis is inorganic pneumoconiosis. The pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of organic dust is called organic pneumoconiosis, such as cotton pneumoconiosis, farmer's lung, etc.
At present, the examination process of the pneumoconiosis is complex and the population of the patients is huge, so that the relevant government, enterprise and medical institution costs a great amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources for the workers to perform the pneumoconiosis examination. Therefore, more and more scientific researches are focused on researching and using an artificial intelligence algorithm and a computer to assist doctors in solving the problem of accurate judgment of the pneumoconiosis grade. The determination of the pneumoconiosis grade is mostly based on an X-ray image shot by DR equipment, but because the shadow density in the X-ray image is uneven, a feature dictionary cannot be well expressed by using the traditional method based on texture or shape features, and finally the pneumoconiosis grade cannot be rapidly and accurately determined.
In recent years, with the development of computer hardware technology, deep learning has attracted more and more attention and attention. In the coming of big data era, more and more accurate medical projects urgently need deep learning to replace old semantic feature recognition methods and solve various medical image recognition and diagnosis problems. Under the push of the future internet, the medical industry data will show explosive trends.
In the prior art, a method based on a gray level co-occurrence matrix is provided in the application of a computer application and a software periodical to the judgment of the pneumoconiosis shadow density, so that four characteristic values are generated, the texture characteristics of the pneumoconiosis chest radiograph are effectively described, and the pneumoconiosis chest radiograph is classified through a BP (back propagation) neural network, so that the pneumoconiosis disease is effectively judged.
Although the technical solutions described in the above prior art solve the determination of pneumoconiosis grade to some extent, they have certain technical drawbacks: 1. the sample size of the pneumoconiosis medical image is small, which is not beneficial to accurately judging the effectiveness of the method; 2. the utilized feature method is single, and incompleteness of manually selecting features cannot be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method and a system for determining a pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning, which perform image enhancement preprocessing on pneumoconiosis medical images, and then perform a grade determination on a large number of pneumoconiosis by a deep learning method using a convolutional neural network.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for determining a pneumoconiosis level based on deep learning, comprising:
step 1, training by utilizing a convolutional neural network model based on a grade classification sample of a pneumoconiosis medical image to obtain a pneumoconiosis grade judgment model;
and 2, taking the medical image of the pneumoconiosis to be judged as input, and judging by using the pneumoconiosis grade judgment model to obtain the grade of the pneumoconiosis to be judged.
The method classifies and image-enhances the medical images of pneumoconiosis chest radiographs, then classifies and judges a large batch of pneumoconiosis through a deep learning method of a convolutional neural network, and finally judges the medical images of the pneumoconiosis to be judged by using the obtained pneumoconiosis grade judgment model. The invention has the beneficial effect of quickly, accurately and efficiently judging the grade of the pneumoconiosis.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall flowchart of a pneumoconiosis grade determination method based on deep learning according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Different from the general technical scheme of machine learning of big data based on semantic features and the like, the invention applies the latest deep learning technology and combines medical image big data to diagnose the pneumoconiosis and promote the construction of precise medical treatment.
The research carries out artificial intelligent diagnosis on lung medical images (such as X-ray pictures and the like) of patients with the pneumoconiosis by a method of a convolutional neural network deep learning model.
Fig. 1 shows a method for determining pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning according to an embodiment of the present invention. In general, the method comprises the following steps: step 1, training by utilizing a convolutional neural network model based on a grade classification sample of a pneumoconiosis medical image to obtain a pneumoconiosis grade judgment model; and 2, taking the medical image of the pneumoconiosis to be judged as input, and judging by using the pneumoconiosis grade judgment model to obtain the grade of the pneumoconiosis to be judged.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining a pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning further includes, before step 1: step 0, carrying out gray level conversion and image enhancement processing on the classified samples of the levels of the pneumoconiosis medical images; and converting the processed pneumoconiosis medical image into a matrix form and storing the matrix form. In the embodiment, the gray level transformation and the image enhancement processing are carried out on the image, so that the outline of the skeleton and the lung lobe area of the pneumoconiosis chest film in the diseased medical image is more obvious and clearer, and the subsequent characteristic acquisition is facilitated; the downsampling processing of the embodiment converts the image information into the convolutional neural network model which can be directly used as a matrix form of training input, so that the convolutional neural network can be read quickly.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining a pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning further includes, before step 0: the pneumoconiosis medical images are classified according to the pneumoconiosis disease grade. In this embodiment, a large number of medical images of a diseased lung may be classified according to the pneumoconiosis level.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining a pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning, the classification criteria for classifying pneumoconiosis medical images according to pneumoconiosis grade is determined as the criteria for diagnosing new GBZ 70-2015 occupational pneumoconiosis, where the category of diseases is classified into 3 categories, which are: first stage, second stage and third stage.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining a pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning, wherein the step 1 further comprises: setting a convolution neural network, setting a learning rate and the size of an input medical image.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining a pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning, wherein the step 1 further comprises: storing parameters of the convolutional neural network model in a parameter server; the process of training by utilizing the convolutional neural network model is carried out in a training server; and correspondingly modifying the parameters of the convolutional neural network model in the parameter server based on the gradient obtained in the training by the training server. Storing parameters of the convolutional neural network model in a parameter server; the process of training by utilizing the convolutional neural network model is carried out in a training server; the training task adopts distributed parallel computation, and the training speed and the stability can be greatly improved even if the data volume is overlarge.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining a pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning, wherein the step 1 further comprises: training a convolutional neural network model by using a 10-fold intersection method; drawing an ROC curve graph based on the sensitivity and the specificity of the algorithm; and selecting the model corresponding to the maximum ROC curve area as the pneumoconiosis grade judgment model.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining a pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning, wherein the step 0 further comprises:
s01, performing gray level transformation and image enhancement processing on the classified samples of the pneumoconiosis medical images by using a Gaussian pyramid method;
s02, performing down-sampling processing on the processed pneumoconiosis medical image;
and S03, converting the processed pneumoconiosis medical image into a matrix form and storing the matrix form according to the pneumoconiosis grade.
The gaussian pyramid (english) mentioned in the above embodiments of the present invention is a technique used in image processing, computer vision, and signal processing. The gaussian pyramid is essentially a multi-scale representation of the signal, i.e., the same signal or picture is gaussian blurred multiple times and down-sampled to generate multiple sets of signals or pictures at different scales for subsequent processing, e.g., in image recognition, the comparison of pictures at different scales can be used to prevent the contents to be searched from having different sizes on the pictures. The theoretical basis of the Gaussian pyramid is the scale space theory, and multi-resolution analysis is derived subsequently.
The down-sampling mentioned in the above embodiments of the present invention is a process of reducing the sampling rate of a specific signal, and is generally used to reduce the data transmission rate or the data size. Down-sampling is a process of reducing the sampling rate of a particular signal, typically used to reduce the data transmission rate or data size. The down-sampling factor (often denoted by the symbol M) is typically an integer or rational number greater than 1. This factor expresses that the sampling period becomes several times larger than before, or equivalently that the sampling rate becomes a fraction of before. Since down-sampling reduces the sampling rate, it is necessary to ensure that the nyquist sampling theorem still holds at the new lower sampling rate.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a pneumoconiosis grade determination method based on deep learning includes: the ResNet deep learning model and the inclusion deep learning model. The present invention is not limited to the use of the neural network model described above.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in a deep learning-based pneumoconiosis grade determination method, the activation function of the convolutional neural network model is a ReLu function.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a deep learning-based pneumoconiosis grade determination method, the activation function ReLu function formula is as follows: f (x) max (0, x)
The formula can also be adjusted as follows:
wherein x is an input value, and a dropout layer is added to the convolutional neural network, so that overfitting can be effectively prevented. In the training process, transfer learning is carried out on the basis of the training model of the ImageNet set, and the convergence rate of the convolutional neural network is effectively improved.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining a pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning, wherein the training of the convolutional neural network model to obtain a pneumoconiosis grade determination model further comprises:
the convolutional neural network comprises four layers, which are respectively: an input layer, a convolution layer, a down-sampling layer and an output layer;
the input layer is used for processing the preprocessed pneumoconiosis medical image, and three channels are set to be 1;
the convolutional layers are characteristic extraction layers of CNNs, one convolutional layer is only used for extracting the characteristics in the previous layer, is convoluted by a learnable convolution kernel, and then the output characteristics can be obtained through an activation function, wherein the characteristics are as follows:
wherein,representing a set of a plurality of input feature matrixes corresponding to the jth output feature matrix of the ith layer of the lung chest film input, whereinBias terms representing various feature matrices input in M,representing a convolution kernel;
the down-sampling layer: selecting a maximum pool downsampling method by a downsampling method;
the output layer: and finally, extracting the last layer of the convolutional neural network, and putting the last layer into a classifier for classification, wherein the classifier is softmax.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining a pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning, the training of the convolutional neural network model by using a 10-fold intersection method further includes: training a convolutional neural network model by using a 10-fold intersection method, wherein the proportion of a training set, a verification set and a test set is 8: 1: 1, the number of image samples per grade of pneumoconiosis is equal.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining a pneumoconiosis grade based on deep learning comprises the following steps:
data collection and pneumoconiosis chest radiograph preprocessing: firstly, carrying out labeling judgment on a chest film with large data volume; carrying out gray level transformation and image enhancement processing on the pneumoconiosis chest film by a Gaussian pyramid method, so that the outlines of the skeleton and the lung lobe area of the pneumoconiosis chest film are more obvious and clearer; then, 256 × 256 down-sampling is performed on the chest slices, and the chest slices are stored as a normal, first-stage, second-stage and third-stage matrix in an lmdb or protobuf database, so that the reading speed can be conveniently provided.
Detailed design of a model: designing a convolution neural network, and adjusting parameters such as learning rate and image input size. In consideration of the high efficiency of the algorithm and the stability of the precision, the image is not too large or too small. The method adopts ResNet and increment for training, the learning rate of a training model is set to be 0.0001, an activation function is selected to be ReLu, and the formula is as follows:
f(x)=max(0,x)
the formula can also be adjusted as follows:
wherein x is an input value, and a dropout layer is added to the convolutional neural network, so that overfitting can be effectively prevented. In the training process, transfer learning is carried out on the basis of the training model of the ImageNet set, and the convergence rate of the convolutional neural network is effectively improved.
The method distributes a plurality of tasks on different machines which are provided with GPUs for distributed parallel computing. These machines are classified into two types, one being Parameter servers (ps) for storing computation model parameters and the other for computing the gradient of the loss equation. And returning the calculated gradient to the parameter server, and updating the corresponding model parameter.
Selecting a proper model based on the ROC curve: training is carried out through a 10-fold intersection method, and the proportion of a training set, a verification set and a test set is 8: 1: 1, a test is performed in which the number of images for each level of pneumoconiosis must be equalized. And according to the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm, the ROC graph is displayed. And after the verification by a 10-fold cross method, selecting a model corresponding to the largest ROC curve area as a stage interpretation model of the pneumoconiosis of the method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. by means of the deep learning method, incompleteness of artificial selection features is avoided, identification precision of the pneumoconiosis chest radiograph is improved, and interpretation of doctors is assisted. 2. By means of the image enhancement method, the network of the training image is improved, and the convergence speed is improved. 3. The speed and the stability of the algorithm are improved by a distributed parallel computing method.
Finally, the method of the present application is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pneumoconiosis grade determination method, comprising:
step 1, training by utilizing a convolutional neural network model based on a grade classification sample of a pneumoconiosis medical image to obtain a pneumoconiosis grade judgment model;
and 2, taking the medical image of the pneumoconiosis to be judged as input, and judging by using the pneumoconiosis grade judgment model to obtain the grade of the pneumoconiosis to be judged.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step 1 is preceded by:
step 0, carrying out gray level conversion and image enhancement processing on the classified samples of the levels of the pneumoconiosis medical images; and performing down-sampling processing on the processed pneumoconiosis medical image, converting the processed pneumoconiosis medical image into a matrix form and storing the matrix form.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein step 0 is preceded by: the pneumoconiosis medical images are classified according to the pneumoconiosis disease grade.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein step 1 further comprises: setting a convolution neural network, setting a learning rate and the size of an input medical image.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein step 1 further comprises: storing parameters of the convolutional neural network model in a parameter server; the process of training by utilizing the convolutional neural network model is carried out in a training server; and correspondingly modifying the parameters of the convolutional neural network model in the parameter server based on the gradient obtained in the training by the training server.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein step 1 further comprises: training a convolutional neural network model by using a 10-fold intersection method; drawing an ROC curve graph based on the sensitivity and the specificity of the algorithm; and selecting the model corresponding to the maximum ROC curve area as the pneumoconiosis grade judgment model.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein step 0 further comprises:
s01, performing gray level transformation and image enhancement processing on the classified samples of the pneumoconiosis medical images by using a Gaussian pyramid method;
s02, performing down-sampling processing on the processed pneumoconiosis medical image;
and S03, converting the processed pneumoconiosis medical image into a matrix form and storing the matrix form according to the pneumoconiosis grade.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the convolutional neural network model is: the ResNet deep learning model and the inclusion deep learning model.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein said step of training a convolutional neural network model to obtain a pneumoconiosis grade decision model further comprises:
the convolutional neural network comprises four layers, which are respectively: an input layer, a convolution layer, a down-sampling layer and an output layer;
the input layer is used for processing the preprocessed pneumoconiosis medical image, and three channels are set to be 1;
the convolutional layers are characteristic extraction layers of CNNs, one convolutional layer is only used for extracting the characteristics in the previous layer, is convoluted by a learnable convolution kernel, and then the output characteristics can be obtained through an activation function, wherein the characteristics are as follows:
wherein,representing a set of a plurality of input feature matrixes corresponding to the jth output feature matrix of the ith layer of the lung chest film input, whereinBias terms representing various feature matrices input in M,representing a convolution kernel;
the down-sampling layer: selecting a maximum pool downsampling method by a downsampling method;
the output layer: and finally, extracting the last layer of the convolutional neural network, and putting the last layer into a classifier for classification, wherein the classifier is softmax.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of training the convolutional neural network model using a 10-fold intersection method further comprises: training a convolutional neural network model by using a 10-fold intersection method, wherein the proportion of a training set, a verification set and a test set is 8: 1: 1, the number of image samples per grade of pneumoconiosis is equal.
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