CN106969884B - Waterproof test method and device for tunnel segment elastic sealing gasket - Google Patents

Waterproof test method and device for tunnel segment elastic sealing gasket Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106969884B
CN106969884B CN201710266185.4A CN201710266185A CN106969884B CN 106969884 B CN106969884 B CN 106969884B CN 201710266185 A CN201710266185 A CN 201710266185A CN 106969884 B CN106969884 B CN 106969884B
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sealing gasket
pressing plate
base
water pressure
test
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CN106969884A (en
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肖明清
邓朝辉
王均勇
周坤
鲁志鹏
薛光桥
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China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co Ltd
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China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a waterproof test method of a tunnel segment elastic sealing gasket, which comprises the following steps of S1 prefabricating a test bed base with a sealing gasket groove; s2, manufacturing a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate; s3, carrying out a contact surface test of two sealing gaskets by using a first pressing plate and base combination, and determining a first water pressure resistance and a water leakage mode of a contact surface between the two sealing gaskets; s4, performing a sealing gasket and groove wall contact surface test by using a second pressing plate and base combination, and determining a second water pressure resistance and a water leakage mode of a contact surface between the sealing gasket and the groove wall; s5, comparing the first water pressure resistance with the second water pressure resistance, and determining a smaller value as the maximum water pressure resistance of the elastic sealing gasket, wherein the corresponding water leakage type is determined as the failure mode of the sealing gasket. The invention also discloses a corresponding waterproof test device of the elastic sealing gasket. The invention can accurately simulate the mechanical characteristics of deformation, stress and the like of the duct piece joint elastic sealing gasket in actual engineering, and can truly and accurately test and reflect the waterproof performance of the elastic sealing gasket.

Description

Waterproof test method and device for tunnel segment elastic sealing gasket
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of segment waterproofing in shield tunnels, and particularly relates to a waterproof test method and device for a tunnel segment elastic sealing gasket.
Background
The shield tunnel is formed by splicing reinforced concrete segments, a large number of joints exist, and water leakage often occurs at the joints. The elastic sealing gasket at the joint of the duct piece is a key for preventing the shield tunnel from being water-proof, and can effectively prevent groundwater outside the tunnel from penetrating from the joint in the service life of the tunnel design.
To verify the waterproof ability of the seam elastic gasket, a waterproof test is typically performed prior to its production. The existing elastic waterproof test generally performs waterproof tests such as a one-shaped seam, a T-shaped seam, a cross-shaped seam and the like. Taking a waterproof test of T-shaped seams as an example, the test is to fix the elastic sealing gasket on a seam model consisting of 1 flat plate type and 2L-shaped steel test tables, and holes (shown in figure 1) with the same size as the grooves of the elastic sealing gasket of the duct piece are arranged at the designated positions. During the test, the different working states of the elastic sealing gasket are simulated by adjusting the opening quantity A and the staggering quantity B between the two test tables, so that the waterproof capability of the elastic sealing gasket under different water pressure conditions is verified (shown in the accompanying figures 2 and 3).
However, the experiment still has certain defects: (1) In practical engineering, water outside the structure breaks through the elastic sealing gaskets in two ways, one is water penetrating from the middle of the two elastic sealing gaskets, and the other is water penetrating along the contact surface between the elastic sealing gaskets and the groove concrete. The existing test method and device cannot distinguish the approach of waterproof failure of the sealing gasket, cannot determine the waterproof weak part, and is not beneficial to optimization of the sealing gasket design. (2) The steel test bed in the existing test device has larger rigidity difference with the concrete material of the duct piece, and the influence of deformation of the groove wall on the waterproof capacity of the elastic sealing gasket can not be reflected in the test under the condition of larger structural stress, so that the test result is unsafe. (3) The bonding strength of the concrete of the steel test bed and the duct piece with the elastic sealing gasket and the stress distribution after being pressed are different, so that the test result can not truly and accurately reflect the actual waterproof performance and has a certain gap with the actual engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a waterproof test method and device for a tunnel segment elastic sealing gasket, which are used for accurately simulating mechanical characteristics such as deformation, stress and the like of the segment joint elastic sealing gasket in actual engineering by optimizing and improving a test process and simultaneously combining structural optimization of a test device, so that the waterproof performance of the elastic sealing gasket can be truly and accurately tested and reflected.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waterproof test method for a tunnel segment elastic gasket, comprising the steps of:
s1, prefabricating a concrete test bed base with sealing gasket grooves or a test bed base made of similar materials with concrete according to the sealing gasket groove size and the concrete grade of an actual duct piece structure, wherein the distance between the sealing gasket grooves and the edge of the test bed base and the width of the sealing gasket grooves are consistent with the actual duct piece joint;
s2, manufacturing a first pressing plate which is the same as the base of the test bed in structure and does not have a water injection hole by adopting the same material as the base of the test bed, and simultaneously manufacturing a plane pressing plate which is the same as the first pressing plate in size and does not have a sealing gasket groove as a second pressing plate;
s3, carrying out two-sealing-pad contact surface tests by using the first pressing plate with the groove and the base combination, namely respectively placing sealing pads in the grooves of the first pressing plate and the base, firmly bonding joints of the two sealing pads by adopting an adhesive, adjusting the gap between the first pressing plate and the base to simulate the seam opening amount, and adjusting the dislocation distance between the first pressing plate and the base to simulate the dislocation amount generated by segment assembly; applying water pressure step by step, determining the water pressure of the upper stage as the first water pressure capacity of the contact surface between the two sealing gaskets when water leakage occurs, and determining the water leakage mode to occur along the water seepage path of the contact surface of the two sealing gaskets;
s4, performing a contact surface test of the sealing gasket and the groove wall by using the second pressing plate and base combination without the groove, namely placing the sealing gasket in the groove of the base, adjusting the gap between the second pressing plate and the base to simulate the opening amount of the joint, adjusting the relative dislocation distance between the second pressing plate and the base to simulate the dislocation amount generated by segment assembly, and firmly bonding the sealing gasket and the second pressing plate by adopting an adhesive; the water pressure is applied step by step, the water pressure of the upper level is determined to be the second water pressure resistance of the contact surface between the sealing gasket and the groove wall when water leakage occurs, and the water leakage mode is determined to be water leakage along the water seepage path of the groove wall;
s5, comparing the first water pressure resistance with the second water pressure resistance, and determining a smaller value as the maximum water pressure resistance of the elastic sealing gasket, wherein the corresponding water leakage type is determined as the failure mode of the sealing gasket.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step-by-step water pressure applying process in the steps S3 and S4, each stage of water pressure is firstly stabilized for a period of time, and the next stage of water pressure is applied after no water leakage is determined.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the second platen structure is identical to the first platen except that it does not have a gasket groove.
As a further improvement of the invention, the bonding strength of the sealing gasket and the pressing plate or the base can ensure that water does not flow out from the bonding joint in the pressurizing process.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waterproof test apparatus for a tunnel segment elastic gasket, comprising:
the test bed base with the sealing gasket groove is prefabricated by concrete or a material similar to the concrete according to the sealing gasket groove size and the concrete grade of an actual duct piece structure, wherein the distance between the sealing gasket groove and the edge of the test bed base and the width of the sealing gasket groove are consistent with the actual duct piece joint, and the sealing gasket groove is used for accommodating the sealing gasket;
the first pressing plate is made of the same material as the test bed base, the end face of the first pressing plate, which is in contact with the test bed base, is matched with the test bed base in structure and is provided with no water injection hole, and the sealing gasket groove corresponding to the first pressing plate is used for accommodating the sealing gasket so as to be correspondingly adhered with the sealing gasket in the test bed base for carrying out a two-sealing gasket contact surface test; and
the second pressing plate is a planar pressing plate which is consistent with the first pressing plate in size and has no sealing gasket groove, the end face of the second pressing plate, which is contacted with the test bed base, is matched with the test bed base in structure, and the second pressing plate is used for being bonded and pressed with the sealing gasket in the test bed base so as to be combined with the base to carry out the contact surface test of the sealing gasket and the groove wall.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the second platen structure is identical to the first platen except that it does not have a gasket groove.
As a further improvement of the invention, the gap between the first pressing plate or the second pressing plate and the base is used for simulating the seam opening amount, and the dislocation distance between the first pressing plate or the second pressing plate and the base is used for simulating the dislocation amount generated by segment assembly.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the following technical effects compared with the prior art:
(1) According to the technical scheme, according to the size of the sealing gasket groove of the actual duct piece structure and the grade of concrete, a concrete test bed base with the sealing gasket groove or a test bed base made of materials similar to concrete is prefabricated, wherein the distance between the sealing gasket groove and the edge of the test bed base and the width of the sealing gasket groove are consistent with the actual duct piece joint, the actual condition of the sealing gasket groove is closer to that of engineering, and the actual accuracy of a test result is facilitated;
(2) In the scheme of the invention, the test is divided into two types of sealing gasket contact surface test and sealing gasket and base groove contact, and the two types of sealing gasket contact surface test and the base groove contact test are respectively carried out by separating through different types of pressing plates, so that the waterproof weak part of the joint can be more accurately obtained, and the water leakage type and the corresponding pressure resistance of the sealing gasket are obtained;
(3) In the scheme of the invention, through the optimized test process and the structural optimization of the test device, the mechanical characteristics such as deformation, stress and the like of the duct piece joint elastic sealing gasket in the actual engineering can be accurately simulated by adopting a mode which is closer to the engineering reality, so that the waterproof performance of the elastic sealing gasket can be truly and accurately tested and reflected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a test stand of a gasket test device in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a test stand of a gasket test device according to the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gasket testing device of the prior art performing a gasket test;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a test stand of a gasket test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a two-gasket interface test performed using the gasket test apparatus shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a gasket and base groove interface test performed using the gasket test apparatus of FIG. 4;
the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like elements or structures, wherein:
a 1' -steel base;
4' -gasket groove;
a 9' -elastic gasket;
1-a test bed base;
2-distance between the groove and the inner edge of the duct piece;
3-gasket groove width;
4-gasket groove;
5-pressurizing the water injection hole;
6-a first pressing plate;
7-opening amount of the duct piece;
8-segment staggering amount;
9-an elastic sealing gasket;
10-gasket adhesive joints;
11-along the water seepage path of the contact surface of the two sealing gaskets
12-a second platen;
13-along the water seepage path between the sealing gasket and the groove wall
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a test stand of a gasket test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 is a schematic view of a two-gasket contact surface test performed by using the gasket test apparatus shown in fig. 4, and fig. 6 is a schematic view of a gasket and base groove contact surface test performed by using the gasket test apparatus shown in fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, a waterproof test device for a tunnel segment elastic sealing pad according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the test bed base 1, the base 1 is a pressing plate 6 which is symmetrical in shape and is not provided with water injection holes, and a plane pressing plate 12 which is consistent with the pressing plate 6 in size and is free of grooves.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the test bench base 1 is prefabricated from concrete or a material similar to the concrete according to the size of the sealing gasket groove 4 of the actual duct piece structure and the concrete grade, and is provided with the sealing gasket groove 4 for accommodating the sealing gasket 9 in cooperation with the pressing plates 6, 12 for performing the test.
In order to ensure the true accuracy of the test, the distance A between the sealing gasket groove 4 and the edge of the test bed base and the groove width B are consistent with the actual segment joint.
The pressing plate 6 (referred to as a first pressing plate in this embodiment) is made of the same material as the base of the test stand, for example, concrete or other materials similar to concrete. The end surface of the pressing plate 6, which is contacted with the test bed base, is matched with or the same as the surface structure of the test bed base 1, but is not provided with water injection holes. The sealing gasket groove 4 corresponding to the first pressing plate 6 is used for accommodating a sealing gasket 9, is adhered in the groove of the pressing plate, and is correspondingly adhered with the sealing gasket 9 in the test bed base 1 to perform a two-sealing gasket contact surface test.
The pressing plate 12 (second pressing plate) is a planar pressing plate which has the same size as the first pressing plate 6 and has no sealing gasket groove, the end face contacted with the test bed base 1 is matched with the end face structure of the test bed base 1, and the pressing plate 12 is used for being bonded and pressed with the sealing gasket in the test bed base so as to be combined with the base to carry out the contact surface test of the sealing gasket and the groove wall. Preferably, the structure of the pressing plate 12 is the same as that of the first pressing plate 6 except that the sealing gasket groove is not formed, and the groove of the pressing plate 12 corresponding to the pressing plate 6 is a plane for bonding and pressing with the sealing gasket 9 in the test bed base 1 so as to combine with the base 1 to perform the contact surface test of the sealing gasket and the groove wall.
The waterproof test method of the tunnel segment elastic sealing gasket is used for testing the waterproof of the inter-segment sealing gasket of the shield tunnel, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) According to the size of the sealing gasket groove of the actual duct piece structure and the concrete grade, the prefabricated concrete test bed base 1, the distance A between the sealing gasket groove 4 and the edge of the test bed base 1 and the groove width B are consistent with the actual duct piece joint.
2) The same material as the test bed base 1 is adopted to manufacture the pressing plate 6 which is symmetrical to the base 1 in shape but does not have water injection holes, and simultaneously a flat pressing plate 12 which has the same size and is free of grooves is manufactured.
3) Firstly, a first test is carried out by combining the pressing plate 6 with the groove with the base 1, an upper sealing gasket 9 and a lower sealing gasket 9 are placed in the grooves of the pressing plate 6 and the base 1, and an adhesive joint 10 is firmly bonded by adopting an adhesive, so that the bonding joint 10 between the sealing gasket 9 and the pressing plate 6 and between the sealing gasket 9 and the base 1 can not be punched by water pressure in the test.
4) Adjusting the gap d between the pressing plate 6 and the base 1 to simulate the seam opening amount 7; and adjusting the relative position t of the pressing plate 6 and the base 1 to simulate the staggered platform amount 8 generated by segment assembly.
Applying the water pressure P step by step i And after each stage of water pressure is stabilized for a period of time, determining that no water leakage exists, applying the next stage of water pressure. After water leakage, the water pressure P of the upper level is increased i-1 The water pressure resistance P of the contact surface between two sealing gaskets a At this time, it is considered that water leakage occurs along the water seepage path 11 of the contact surface of the two gaskets.
5) Then, a second test was performed by combining the base 1 with the pressing plate 12 without grooves, and the gasket 9 was placed in the grooves of the base 1. Adjusting the gap d between the pressing plate 12 and the base 1 to simulate the seam opening amount 7; and adjusting the relative position t of the pressing plate 12 and the base 1 to simulate the staggered platform amount 8 generated by segment assembly. And the sealing gasket 9 is firmly bonded with the pressing plate 12 by adopting an adhesive, so that the bonding joint 10 between the sealing gasket 9 and the pressing plate 12 cannot be flushed by water pressure in the test.
6) Applying the water pressure P step by step i And after each stage of water pressure is stabilized for a period of time, determining that no water leakage exists, applying the next stage of water pressure. After water leakage, the water pressure P of the upper level is increased i-1 The water pressure resistance P is marked as the contact surface between the sealing gasket and the groove wall b At this time, it is considered that water leakage occurs between the water seepage paths 13 along the groove walls.
7) Comparison P a And P b Taking a smaller value as the maximum water pressure resistance of the elastic sealing gasket 9, and the corresponding water leakage type is the failure mode of the sealing gasket.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A waterproof test method of a tunnel segment elastic sealing gasket is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, prefabricating a concrete test bed base with sealing gasket grooves or a test bed base made of similar materials with concrete according to the sealing gasket groove size and the concrete grade of an actual duct piece structure, wherein the distance between the sealing gasket grooves and the edge of the test bed base and the width of the sealing gasket grooves are consistent with the actual duct piece joint;
s2, manufacturing a first pressing plate which is the same as the base of the test bed in structure and does not have a water injection hole by adopting the same material as the base of the test bed, and simultaneously manufacturing a plane pressing plate which is the same as the first pressing plate in size and does not have a sealing gasket groove as a second pressing plate;
s3, carrying out two-sealing-pad contact surface tests by using the first pressing plate with the groove and the base combination, namely respectively placing sealing pads in the grooves of the first pressing plate and the base, firmly bonding joints of the two sealing pads by adopting an adhesive, adjusting the gap between the first pressing plate and the base to simulate the seam opening amount, and adjusting the dislocation distance between the first pressing plate and the base to simulate the dislocation amount generated by segment assembly; applying water pressure step by step, determining the water pressure of the upper stage as the first water pressure capacity of the contact surface between the two sealing gaskets when water leakage occurs, and determining the water leakage mode to occur along the water seepage path of the contact surface of the two sealing gaskets;
s4, performing a contact surface test of the sealing gasket and the groove wall by using the second pressing plate and base combination without the groove, namely placing the sealing gasket in the groove of the base, adjusting the gap between the second pressing plate and the base to simulate the opening amount of the joint, adjusting the relative dislocation distance between the second pressing plate and the base to simulate the dislocation amount generated by segment assembly, and firmly bonding the sealing gasket and the second pressing plate by adopting an adhesive; the water pressure is applied step by step, the water pressure of the upper level is determined to be the second water pressure resistance of the contact surface between the sealing gasket and the groove wall when water leakage occurs, and the water leakage mode is determined to be water leakage along the water seepage path of the groove wall;
s5, comparing the first water pressure resistance with the second water pressure resistance, and determining a smaller value as the maximum water pressure resistance of the elastic sealing gasket, wherein the corresponding water leakage type is determined as the failure mode of the sealing gasket.
2. The waterproof test method of the tunnel segment elastic sealing gasket according to claim 1, wherein in the step-by-step water pressure applying process in the steps S3 and S4, each stage of water pressure is stabilized for a period of time, and after no water leakage is determined, the next stage of water pressure is applied.
3. The method for testing the waterproofing of the elastic sealing gasket of the tunnel segment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second pressing plate structure has the same structure as the first pressing plate except for the sealing gasket groove.
4. The waterproof test method for the elastic sealing gasket of the tunnel segment according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the bonding strength between the sealing gasket and the pressing plate or the base can ensure that water does not flow out from the bonding joint in the pressurizing process.
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US11187609B2 (en) * 2018-05-31 2021-11-30 Goertek Inc. Test device and calibrating method
WO2019227407A1 (en) * 2018-05-31 2019-12-05 Goertek Inc. Test device and calibrating method
CN109113767A (en) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-01 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 A kind of test tunnel duct piece waterproof sealing gasket and preparation method thereof
CN109443940B (en) * 2018-10-16 2021-04-06 上海建工集团股份有限公司 Method and system for detecting waterproof failure path under condition of opening elastic sealing gasket
CN109616004B (en) * 2018-12-28 2024-04-05 中交上海三航科学研究院有限公司 Underwater tunnel structure model, manufacturing method and testing method thereof
CN110031159B (en) * 2019-05-24 2024-06-04 西南交通大学 Waterproof test device for shield tunnel segment joint
CN111177842B (en) * 2020-01-03 2022-09-09 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 Method and device for determining dynamic characteristics of shield tunnel segment contact surface and storage medium
CN111651945B (en) * 2020-06-24 2022-03-29 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 Method for acquiring waterproof capacity of double-channel sealing gasket
CN114018502B (en) * 2021-10-08 2022-11-29 山东大学 Shield tunnel segment lining multi-joint water leakage test device and method

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