CN106969677A - The lower chock blasting method of deep water thickness alluvial covering based on amendment blasting action index - Google Patents

The lower chock blasting method of deep water thickness alluvial covering based on amendment blasting action index Download PDF

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CN106969677A
CN106969677A CN201710310670.7A CN201710310670A CN106969677A CN 106969677 A CN106969677 A CN 106969677A CN 201710310670 A CN201710310670 A CN 201710310670A CN 106969677 A CN106969677 A CN 106969677A
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blasting
rock
action index
coyote hole
formula
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CN106969677B (en
Inventor
金正浩
马军
王鹤
苏加林
王福运
高垠
姜殿成
齐志坚
张雨豪
王科峰
王德库
朱奎卫
蔡云波
田作印
韩立阳
史有富
冯吉新
刘牧冲
于长征
王富强
刘成浩
马瑀泽
于淼
潘永庆
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CHINA WATER NORTHEASTERN INVESTIGATION DESIGN AND RESEARCH Co Ltd
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CHINA WATER NORTHEASTERN INVESTIGATION DESIGN AND RESEARCH Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of lower chock blasting method of deep water thickness alluvial covering based on amendment blasting action index, belong to Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering field.Data collection, the pre- ceasma in rock plug periphery, determine cock body lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs, chambers former and firing order, determine burst-chamber minimum burden, the selection of land blasting action index value, coyote hole spacing check, in water the lower blasting action index value of mud covering, each coyote hole medicine calculation and networking block explosion.Advantage be theoretical foundation fully, calculation procedure understands, method is reliable, it is to avoid a large amount of scientific research and testing of similar projects problems, solves the lower chock blasting technical problem of deep water thickness alluvial covering.

Description

The lower chock blasting method of deep water thickness alluvial covering based on amendment blasting action index
Technical field
The present invention relates to Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering field, a kind of underwater rock plug burst side of deep water thickness alluvial covering is referred in particular to Method, it is adaptable to the water inlet chock blasting engineering under high water head, thick alluvial coverage condition.
Background technology
Underwater rock plug burst is a kind of Controlled Underwater Blasting, fetches water, generates electricity, fills in existing reservoir or natural lake It is a kind of economical using chock blasting to build the intake of tunnel, it is to avoid build cofferdam in deep water when irrigating water supply and flood discharge And effective method.
Because the alluvial under water or covering in some reservoirs or lake are thicker so that intake uses the rock under water of chamber blasting Up to the present or one plug blasting technique difficulty is greatly increased, the key technology rock turunda room medicine calculation in its explosion, Brand-new problem, both not had ripe experience to use for reference, and can also be used without suitable calculation formula, how accurately to calculate The lower chock blasting coyote hole dose of deep water thickness alluvial covering is always the technological gap of this area, and the lower rock plug of deep water thickness alluvial covering is quick-fried Broken method also turns into blank.
Relevant document also gives the underwater demolition dose modified computing formulae with coating, such as：The Changjiang river scientific research Institute proposes underwater demolition rock unit consumption Formulas For Calculation of Charge Weight, what Japanese industry was write with gunpowder association《New explosion handbook》Explosive payload Correction formula, the consideration depth of water and alluvial coating and the unit consumption calculation formula of subaqueous rock expansion that Sweden proposes.These are public The medicine calculation of formula is all linear with the depth of water, overburden cover.But, relevant literature research shows, when the depth of water is more than During 30m, the increase of underwater demolition dose is little, and general underwater demolition can increase dose 20%~30% compared with land, it is seen that dose Increase is not linear with the depth of water, it is clear that these formula are not conform to for the medicine calculation of the larger depth of water and alluvial covering Reason.In addition, these formula are only applicable to underwater drilling and blasting.
In view of high water head thickness alluvial covering underwater rock plug burst method is still in space state, research and inquirement application model at present Enclose the lower chock blasting method of wide deep water thickness alluvial covering into it is concerned the problem of.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of lower chock blasting method of deep water thickness alluvial covering based on amendment blasting action index, to solve The problem of certainly for the larger depth of water and the underwater rock plug burst method of alluvial covering still in space state.
The present invention is adopted the technical scheme that：Comprise the following steps：
(1) data collection
Including a range of landform of rock plug mouthful and geologic information, the depth of water, overburden cover, topographic map；
(2) the pre- ceasma in rock plug periphery
On rock plug periphery pre- ceasma is bored by the requirement of rock cock body size；
(3) cock body lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs is determined
Each lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs K determined as follows arithmetic mean of instantaneous value is taken to be consumed as the unit of this cock body rock Dose K：
1) according to the unit weight of rock, empirically formula is calculated
In formula：K --- lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs (kg/m3)；
γ --- rock unit weight (kg/m3)；
2) calculated according to rock rank with reference to empirical equation
K=0.8+0.085N (2)
In formula：K --- lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs (kg/m3)；
N --- rock rank (by 16 grades of classifications)；
3) tested and determined by standard blasting crater
Under the conditions of identical geology, standard blasting crater experiment is carried out in flat ground, with this true defining K value；
(4) chambers former and firing order
Main chamber blasting on chamber blasting in rock plug, first axis is there is provided opening and new free face, then each adjuvant The successive explosion in room, fractured rock and provides free face for follow-up chamber blasting；
(5) burst-chamber minimum burden is determined
Minimum burden be coyote hole central point to the beeline of scar, counted with two space of points range formulas (3) Calculate, its minimum value is minimum burden W,
W=min (S1,S2,S3,……,Sn) (4)
In formula：Si--- space distance between two points (m), i=1,2,3 ... ..., n；
W --- minimum burden (m)；
Xi, Yi, Zi--- the space coordinate (m) of ground point；
X0, Y0, Z0--- the space coordinate (m) of coyote hole central point；
(6) land blasting action index nLandValue selection
1) coyote hole land blasting action index nLand, the top coyote hole on rock plug axis takes the blast action for strengthening pinpoint blasting Index；Other coyote holes take the blasting action index of standard pinpoint blasting, if there is clamping action, take the explosion for strengthening pinpoint blasting to make Use index；
2) rock plug axis top chamber blasting opening range, is that shelled force R ' and upper shelled force R enclose under explosive funnel Into region AB,
1. shelled force R is descended to calculate according to the following formula：
In formula：R --- it is shelled force (m) under explosive funnel；
W --- minimum burden (m)；
nLand--- blasting action index；
2. upper shelled force R ' is calculated according to the following formula：
In formula：R ' --- for shelled force (m) on explosive funnel；
β --- according to the rupture factor depending on terrain slope and native lithology matter；
3) the blasting action index n of the upper and lower coyote hole of rock plug axisOn、nUnder, should also be met according to impedance balance principle：
In formula：KOn、KUnder--- the lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs (kg/m residing for upper and lower coyote hole3), its same step of determination method (3)；
nOn、nUnder--- upper and lower chamber blasting action index；
f(nOn)、f(nUnder) --- blasting action index function, its expression formula is：F (n)=0.4+0.6n3；
(7) coyote hole spacing is checked
According to each coyote hole minimum burden and land blasting action index of foregoing determination, also tackle adjacent coyote hole it is minimum between Checked away from a, checking calculation formula is as follows：
In formula：A --- pack spacing (m)；
Wcp--- the average minimum burden (m) of adjacent pack；
f(ncp) --- the average burst action index function of adjacent pack；
(8) the blasting action index n in water under mud coveringWaterValue
According to the depth of water H of measurementWaterWith deposition thickness HBecome silted up, it is right using the blasting action index formula (9) for covering of depositing under water Each pack blasting action index is modified calculating；
In formula：nWater--- it is underwater demolition action index；
nLand--- it is land blasting action index；
HWater--- cover surface is with headwater depth (m) when being explosion；
HBecome silted up--- deposit (or coating) thickness (m) when being explosion at minimum burden on rock face；
(9) each coyote hole medicine calculation
QWater=K W3f(nWater) (10)
By the n of calculatingWaterAbove formula is substituted into, calculated dose is obtained；
(10) networking closure explosion
According to design requirement, explosion is networked and blocked to coyote hole.
In dose, burden, topographic and geologic condition etc. under the same conditions, it is quick-fried in the rock blasting of different contact mediums The opening size of run-down bucket is different, if on rock surface being respectively sky gas and water, underwater sludge medium, crater radius Respectively rGas、rWater、rBecome silted up, then have rGas＞ rWater＞ rBecome silted up。
Because, said from propagation law of the Explosion stress wave on two-phase medium interface, because silt density is larger, its Wave impedance is also larger, and the stress wave that rock borehole blasting is passed on interface is transmitted in mud just strong, formation transmitting unloading on interface Reflection stress wave just it is weak, explosive funnel opening size just it is small.In addition, the big medium of density is to rock blasting throwing function influence Also very big, the big throwing effect of density is weak, and explosive funnel opening size is also small.And blasting action index n be crater radius r with The ratio between minimum burden W, i.e. n=r/W, it reflects the geometry of explosive funnel.Under identical burden, explosive funnel opening Size is big, and blasting action index is just big.Therefore, in the underwater rock blasting for having alluvial to cover, the calculating use to dose is repaiied Positive blasting action index is more reasonable.
Advantages of the present invention：
Fully, calculation procedure understands theoretical foundation of the present invention, and method is reliable, it is to avoid a large amount of scientific researches of similar projects problems Experiment, solves the lower chock blasting technical problem of deep water thickness alluvial covering.The calculating of pack dose considers water and alluvial is covered Influence.The influence for considering water and alluvial covering is started with from the blasting action index of Bao Liesikefu Formulas For Calculation of Charge Weight, right Blasting action index is modified.Conventional underwater rock plug burst, when considering the depth of water and alluvial covering effect, substantially to list The amendment of consumption, this is clearly irrational.Unit consumption reflection is the characteristic of rock in itself, size and rock strength, the wind of unit consumption Change degree etc. is relevant, and blasting action index reflection is burst strength and the physical dimension for characterizing explosive funnel.Portion has rock beyond the Great Wall The presence of water and alluvial covering, changes rock physico mechanical characteristic in itself, but changes the size of rock plug opening, So more reasonable using blasting action index amendment.The blasting action index of amendment is the power letter of the depth of water and alluvial overburden depth Number, the dose of calculating is not linearly increased with the increase of the depth of water and alluvial overburden depth, meets Practical Project explosive consumption Rule.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is explosive funnel opening schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 a are the rock plug chambers former front views of case history one of the present invention；
Fig. 2 b are the rock plug chambers former top views of case history one of the present invention；
Fig. 2 c are the rock plug chambers former side views of case history one of the present invention.
Embodiment
Comprise the following steps：
(1) data collection
Collect ground and survey and wait relevant information, including a range of landform of rock plug mouth and geologic information, the depth of water, cover thickness Degree etc., topographic map 1:200 or precision it is higher；Geology should include rock rank, lithology, intensity, unit weight etc., collect relevant explosion side Case etc.；
(2) the pre- ceasma in rock plug periphery
Pre- ceasma is bored by the requirement of rock cock body size on rock plug periphery, in rock cock body explosion, presplit blasting is carried out first, The rock mass residing for rock plug is set to be cut into isolated rock cock body by pre- broken face；The relevant document report of rock mass Pre-splitting Blasting Technique is a lot, It will not be described here；
(3) cock body lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs is determined
Each lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs K determined as follows arithmetic mean of instantaneous value is taken to be consumed as the unit of this cock body rock Dose K：
Influenceing the factor of lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs mainly includes geological conditions, rock strength, unit weight, lithology, commonly uses following Method is calculated：
1) according to the unit weight of rock, empirically formula is calculated
In formula：K --- lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs (kg/m3)；
γ --- rock unit weight (kg/m3)。
2) calculated according to rock rank with reference to empirical equation
K=0.8+0.085N (2)
In formula：K --- lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs (kg/m3)；
N --- rock rank (by 16 grades of classifications)；
3) tested and determined by standard blasting crater
Under the conditions of identical geology, standard blasting crater experiment is carried out in flat ground, with this true defining K value, test method Relevant document is described；
(4) chambers former and firing order
The chambers former form of underwater rock plug burst has that " king " sub- shape disperses chambers former, main ingredient room adds above and below rock plug axis Surrounding distribution chambers former etc..It is above-mentioned no matter any chambers former form, be arranged in rock plug axis be used for rock plug opening master Coyote hole is indispensable, and Practical Project can carry out reasonable Arrangement to coyote hole as the case may be；
Main chamber blasting on chamber blasting in rock plug, first axis is there is provided opening and new free face, then each adjuvant The successive explosion in room, fractured rock and provides free face for follow-up chamber blasting；
(5) burst-chamber minimum burden is determined
Minimum burden is beeline of the coyote hole central point to scar, in order to improve precision, reduces human error, uses 3-dimensional digital landform achievement after arrangement, is calculated, its minimum value is minimum with two space of points range formulas (3) Burden W,
W=min (S1,S2,S3,……,Sn) (4)
In formula：Si--- space distance between two points (m), i=1,2,3 ... ..., n；
W --- minimum burden (m)；
Xi, Yi, Zi--- the space coordinate (m) of ground point；
X0, Y0, Z0--- the space coordinate (m) of coyote hole central point；
(6) land blasting action index nLandValue selection
4) coyote hole land blasting action index nLand, should be chosen according to landform and pack present position, ensure quick-fried logical bar Under part, the vibration influence that explosion is produced to hole face rock is small, and to meet on opening size requirement, general rock plug axis Top coyote hole preferably takes the blasting action index for strengthening pinpoint blasting；Other coyote holes preferably take the blast action of standard pinpoint blasting to refer to Number, if but have clamping action, preferably take the blasting action index for strengthening pinpoint blasting.
5) rock plug axis top chamber blasting opening range, is that shelled force R ' and upper shelled force R enclose under explosive funnel Into region, AB regions as shown in Figure 1, the region should meet designed openings size requirement.
1. shelled force R is descended to calculate according to the following formula：
In formula：R --- it is shelled force (m) under explosive funnel；
W --- minimum burden (m)；
nLand--- blasting action index.
2. upper shelled force R ' is calculated according to the following formula：
In formula：R ' --- for shelled force (m) on explosive funnel；
β --- according to the rupture factor depending on terrain slope and native lithology matter, checked in by table 1；
Table 1 is according to the β value depending on landform and soil property
6) the blasting action index n of the upper and lower coyote hole of rock plug axisOn、nUnder, should also be met according to impedance balance principle：
In formula：KOn、KUnder--- the lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs (kg/m residing for upper and lower coyote hole3), its same step of determination method (3)；
nOn、nUnder--- upper and lower chamber blasting action index；
f(nOn)、f(nUnder) --- blasting action index function, its expression formula is：F (n)=0.4+0.6n3；
(7) coyote hole spacing is checked
According to each coyote hole minimum burden and land blasting action index of foregoing determination, also tackle adjacent coyote hole it is minimum between Checked away from a, if being unsatisfactory for requiring, the adjustment of coyote hole spacing should be carried out, checking calculation formula is as follows：
In formula：A --- pack spacing (m)；
Wcp--- the average minimum burden (m) of adjacent pack；
f(ncp) --- the average burst action index function of adjacent pack；
The determination of the arrangement of above-mentioned coyote hole, minimum burden and land blasting action index, is a cyclic design process, But finally it should meet above-mentioned related request up to rationally distributed；
(8) the blasting action index n in water under mud coveringWaterValue
According to the depth of water H of measurementWaterWith deposition thickness HBecome silted up, it is right using the blasting action index formula (9) for covering of depositing under water Each pack blasting action index is modified calculating；
In formula：nWater--- it is underwater demolition action index；
nLand--- it is land blasting action index；
HWater--- cover surface is with headwater depth (m) when being explosion；
HBecome silted up--- deposit (or coating) thickness (m) when being explosion at minimum burden on rock face；
(9) each coyote hole medicine calculation
QWater=K W3f(nWater) (10)
By the n of calculatingWaterAbove formula is substituted into, calculated dose is obtained；
(10) networking closure explosion
Required according to design is relevant, explosion is networked and blocked to coyote hole, these are that mature experience does not do superfluous herein State.
The present invention is further illustrated below by concrete engineering example.
Case history 1
(1) data collection
Certain engineering water inlet is built using underwater rock plug burst mode.Rock plug is designed in the truncated cone, upper shed is approximately ellipse Circle, size is 21.60m × 20.98m, and under shed circular diameter is 10m.Rock plug is in 54.5m below the depth of water, wherein alluvial covering Thickness 24.5m.The rock of rock piston part position is Mica-quartzose schist, predominantly moderately weathered rock, and seeing has a small amount of slightly weathered rock, rock Stone intensity is higher, and rock saturation compression strength average value is 60.MPa, average saturated unit weight 2820kg/m3, it is hard rock, rock It is more complete, belong to II rocks (by 16 grades of classifications, equivalent to 10 grades), from 1:200 topographic maps are measured, terrain slope be 40 °~ 60°；
Chock blasting uses High Energy Emulsion Explosive, and electronics millisecond detonator before rock plug chamber blasting, is used to rock plug periphery Presplit blasting, makes rock cock body be separated by precracking with rock mass；
(2) the pre- ceasma in rock plug periphery and powder charge
The pre- ceasma of a circle is arranged on rock plug periphery, 98 altogether, pre- ceasma is from rock plug bottom surface, a diameter of 10m circle Drilled on week, boring direction and rock plug axis are into 15 °, and pre- ceasma hole depth is 11.9m~17.2m, aperture 76mm, minimum aperture away from 32cm, largest hole is away from 51cm.Linear charging density 950~1100 (g/m), pre- ceasma is detonated before the detonation of rock cock body；
(3) unit powder consumption is determined
Lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs is determined using following methods according to prospecting data；
1) according to the unit weight of rock, empirically formula (1) is calculated, and by the substitution formula of rock unit weight γ=2820, obtains K= 1.72(kg/m3),
2) according to rock rank, calculated with reference to empirical equation (2), by N=10 substitution formulas, obtain K=1.65 (kg/m3),
3) determined by live crater test.Under the conditions of identical geology, standard explosion leakage is carried out in flat part Bucket experiment, determines lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs, and result of the test is K=1.70 (kg/m3)；
The arithmetic mean of instantaneous value obtained by three of the above method is taken, the lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs K of rock plug elects 1.69kg/m as3。
(4) chambers former and blasting sequence
The chambers former of this practical example into：2 main ingredient room Z above and below along rock plug axis arrangement1、Z2；Connect two main rooms In the middle part of line, do under the plane of a vertical rock plug axis, plane to rock plug mouth distance and mouth ratio of distances constant should meet 1.1 beyond the Great Wall to rock ~1.3,6 auxiliary relation Y are arranged in the disk intercepted1、Y2、Y3、Y4、Y5、Y6, the rock turunda as shown in Fig. 2 a~c Schematic diagram is arranged in room；
By such as table 2 below of the coordinate after three-dimensional land map and chambers former result, each chambers former：
Coordinate points after each chambers former of table 2
Blasting sequence is Z1、Z2Detonate simultaneously, explosive funnel preliminarily forms explosion passage up and down, while being other adjuvants Create free face in room.Then Y1、Y2Detonate simultaneously, release this part rock, then Y3、Y6Detonate simultaneously, last Y4、Y5Rise simultaneously It is quick-fried.Each coyote hole substep detonates, and is also beneficial to reduce maximum single blow blasting charge, reduces hazard of vibration；
(5) rock turunda room minimum burden is calculated
The rock cock body three-dimensional digital model figure built according to investigation result, is calculated using formula (3), (4) and obtains each coyote hole Burden, each coyote hole minimum burden is as shown in table 3：
Each coyote hole minimum burden outcome table of table 3
Coyote hole is numbered Burden W (m) Coyote hole is numbered Burden W (m)
Z1 5.45 Y3 5.88
Z2 5.00 Y4 5.34
Y1 4.99 Y5 5.09
Y2 5.47 Y6 5.00
(6) land blasting action index nLandValue selection
To meet opening size requirement, Z1Coyote hole land blasting action index n1=1.54；To make bottom rock fully crush And and Z1The balance of coyote hole active force, Z2Coyote hole land blasting action index n2=1.05；Consider Z1Still to rear after chamber blasting Portion's pack has powerful suppression and the openings of sizes requirement to each coyote hole, takes Y1、Y2、Y3、Y6Coyote hole land blast action Index is respectively 1.05.Y4、Y5Coyote hole is located at bottom, and suffered effect of contraction is most obvious, takes the land blasting action index to be respectively 1.21；
1)Z1Coyote hole is in rock plug axis top, and main function provides upper shed explosive funnel for rock plug；By formula (5) and (6) to n1Value checked：Because terrain slope be 40 °~60 °, rock is hard more complete, table look-up 1 β be 3.0.Through meter Opening lower shelled force R=10m, upper shelled force R '=15.53m are calculated, opening size is 22.93m, meets designed openings size It is required that；
2)Z2Coyote hole is in rock plug axis bottom, and main function provides under shed explosive funnel for rock plug, its minimum resistance Line is 5.0m, is defined by blasting action index, opening radius 5.25m, meets under shed 10m requirements；
3) the rock unit consumption of rock piston part position is basically identical, there is KOn=KUnder, by Z1And Z2The blasting action index value of selection is substituted into Formula (7), is obtained：
Meet and require.
4) each coyote hole land blasting action index selection result is shown in Table 4.
Each coyote hole land blasting action index of table 4
Coyote hole is numbered Blasting action index nLand Coyote hole is numbered Blasting action index nLand
Z1 1.54 Y6 1.05
Z2 1.05 Y3 1.05
Y1 1.05 Y5 1.21
Y2 1.05 Y4 1.21
(7) pack spacing is checked
Adjacent coyote hole minimum spacing is checked using formula (8), if actual chambers former is more than formula and calculated most Small pitch requirements, reply coyote hole minimum burden and blasting action index are adjusted.Each adjacent coyote hole distance computation result is shown in Table 5, actual coyote hole spacing meets the permission spacing of formula calculating；
The adjacent pack of table 5 allows spacing table
Adjacent coyote hole Actual spacing (m) Calculating allows spacing a (m)
Y1And Y2Coyote hole 4.06 6.97
Y1And Y6Coyote hole 5.98 6.48
Y1And Z1Coyote hole 4.99 7.97
Y2And Z1Coyote hole 5.58 8.27
Y2And Y3Coyote hole 6.19 7.71
Y6And Z1Coyote hole 5.54 7.68
Y6And Y5Coyote hole 5.98 6.48
Z1And Y3Coyote hole 5.42 7.64
Z1And Y5Coyote hole 5.81 8.86
Z1And Y4Coyote hole 5.98 8.27
Y3And Y4Coyote hole 6.49 7.71
Y5And Y4Coyote hole 4.14 6.97
(8) the blasting action index n in water under mud coveringWaterValue
By HWater=30m, HBecome silted up=24.5m substitutes into formula (9), calculates each coyote hole and deposits under water the blasting action index of covering It is shown in Table 6：
Each coyote hole underwater demolition action index of table 6
Coyote hole is numbered Blasting action index nWater Coyote hole is numbered Blasting action index nWater
Z1 1.98 Y6 1.35
Z2 1.35 Y3 1.35
Y1 1.35 Y5 1.55
Y2 1.35 Y4 1.55
(9) coyote hole medicine calculation
Each coyote hole dose is calculated according to formula (10), (11).By the unit consumption K=1.7 and the minimum burden of table 3 of selection and The underwater demolition action index of table 6 is substituted into formula, is obtained each coyote hole dose and is shown in Table 7：
Each coyote hole medicine calculation result of table 7
(10) blasting result
After chock blasting, using underwater robot and sonar technique, measure under upper shed size 23m × 21m under water, rock plug Opening diameter 10m, reaches expected design effect.
Case history 2
(1) data collection
Certain engineering carries out live chock blasting experiment, according to 1:200 exploration achievements, inducer rock mass slope is precipitous, along plug Rock line out-of-flatness at mouthful, rock line is complicated, general 75 °~85 ° of the gradient, and country rock is quartzy mica schist and mica quartz plate Rock, the average saturated unit weight 2900kg/m of rock3, rock matter is hard, and rock is in weak~micro- weathered state, exterior portion rock integrality compared with Difference, does not find to be unfavorable for the fixed weak structural face of rock steadily put, belongs to II rocks (by 16 grades of classifications, equivalent to 10 grades), rock plug The depth of water is 59m above body, and rock cock body overlying alluvial layer depth is 29m.It is circle, internal diameter 7m, collar extension size to design rock plug internal orifice 72 ° of 11.96 × 12.63m, sub-elliptical, rock plug minimum thickness 9.80m, rock plug inlet axis and horizontal plane angle；
Chock blasting uses High Energy Emulsion Explosive, density 1210kg/m3, electronics millisecond detonator, before rock plug chamber blasting, Presplit blasting is used to rock plug periphery, rock cock body is separated by precracking with rock mass；
(2) the pre- ceasma in rock plug periphery
To ensure that the shaping of rock cock body is good, 68 pre- ceasmas are arranged on rock plug periphery, angle of flare is 15 °, and pre- ceasma is traditional thread binding Medicine density is 270g/m, powder stick diameter 20mm；
(3) unit powder consumption is determined
Lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs is determined using following methods according to prospecting data.
1) according to the unit weight of rock, empirically formula (1) is calculated.By in the substitution formula of rock unit weight γ=2900, K=is obtained 1.80(kg/m3)。
2) according to rock rank, calculated with reference to empirical equation (2).By in N=10 substitution formulas, K=1.65 (kg/m are obtained3)。
3) determined by live crater test.Under the conditions of identical geology, standard explosion leakage is carried out in flat part Bucket experiment, determines lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs, and result of the test is K=1.73 (kg/m3)。
The arithmetic mean of instantaneous value obtained by three of the above method is taken, the lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs K of rock plug elects 1.73kg/m as3。
(4) chambers former and blasting sequence
2 main ingredient room #4 above and below along rock plug axis arrangementOn、#4Under；In the middle part of two main room lines, a vertical rock plug is made The plane of axis, plane to D1=4.5m suitable for reading, to lower mouth D2=5.3m, D2/D1=1.18, the cloth in the disk intercepted Put 6 auxiliary relations #1, #2, #3, #5, #6, #7.
Coordinate such as table 8 below after each chambers former：
Coordinate points after each chambers former of table 8
Blasting sequence is #4On、#4UnderDetonate simultaneously, explosive funnel preliminarily forms explosion passage up and down.Then #1, #2 be simultaneously Detonation releases this part rock, and then #3, #5 detonate simultaneously, and last #6, #7 detonate simultaneously；
(5) rock turunda room minimum burden is calculated
Each coyote hole minimum burden is as shown in table 9：
Each coyote hole minimum burden outcome table of table 9
Coyote hole is numbered Burden W (m) Coyote hole is numbered Burden W (m)
#1 3.4 #4Under 3.8
#2 3.4 #5 3.4
#3 3.4 #6 3.4
#4On 3.0 #7 3.4
(6) land blasting action index nLandValue selection
Take #4OnChamber blasting action index is 1.54；#4UnderChamber blasting action index is 1.05；#1, #2, #3, #5 coyote hole Blasting action index is respectively 1.05；#6, #7 coyote hole are located at bottom, and suffered effect of contraction is most obvious, blasting action index difference Take 1.21；
1)#4OnCoyote hole is in rock plug axis top, and the value of blasting action index is checked by formula (5) and (6)： Because terrain slope be 75 °~85 °, rock is hard more complete, table look-up 1 β be 4.0；It is computed the lower shelled force R=that is open 5.51m, upper shelled force R '=9.71m, are 13.86m by geometrical relationship opening size, meet the requirement of designed openings size；
2)#4UnderCoyote hole is in rock plug axis bottom, and its minimum burden is 3.8m, opening radius 3.99m, meets under shed 7m requirements；
3) #4 calculatedOnAnd #4UnderImpedance balance is 1.33, meets formula (7) requirement.
4) each coyote hole land blasting action index is shown in Table 10；
Each coyote hole land blasting action index of table 10
Coyote hole is numbered Blasting action index nLand Coyote hole is numbered Blasting action index nLand
#4On 1.54 #3 1.05
#4Under 1.05 #5 1.05
#1 1.05 #6 1.21
#2 1.05 #7 1.21
(7) pack spacing is checked
Adjacent coyote hole minimum spacing is checked using formula (8), if actual chambers former is more than formula and calculated most Small pitch requirements, reply coyote hole minimum burden and blasting action index are adjusted.Each adjacent coyote hole distance computation result is shown in Table 11, actual coyote hole is smaller than the permission minimum spacing of formula calculating, meets and requires.
The adjacent pack of table 11 allows spacing table
Adjacent coyote hole Actual spacing Calculating allows spacing a (m)
#1 and #2 coyote holes 3.64 4.23
#1 and #3 coyote holes 3.70 4.23
#1 and #4OnCoyote hole 4.15 4.74
#2 and #4OnCoyote hole 4.15 4.74
#2 and #5 coyote holes 3.70 4.23
#3 and #4OnCoyote hole 4.14 4.74
#3 and #6 coyote holes 3.70 4.49
#4OnWith #5 coyote holes 4.14 4.74
#4OnWith #6 coyote holes 4.14 5.00
#4OnWith #7 coyote holes 4.14 5.00
#5 and #7 coyote holes 3.70 4.49
#6 and #7 coyote holes 3.64 4.75
(8) the blasting action index n in water under mud coveringWaterValue is calculated
By HWater=30m, HBecome silted up=29m substitutes into formula (9), calculates the deposit under water blasting action index of covering of each coyote hole and sees Table 12：
Each coyote hole underwater demolition action index of table 12
Coyote hole is numbered Blasting action index nWater Coyote hole is numbered Blasting action index nWater
#4On 2 #3 1.365
#4Under 1.365 #5 1.365
#1 1.365 #6 1.573
#2 1.365 #7 1.573
(9) coyote hole medicine calculation
Each coyote hole dose is calculated according to formula (10), (11).By the unit consumption K=1.8 and the minimum burden of table 9 of selection and The underwater demolition action index of table 12 is substituted into formula, is obtained each coyote hole dose and is shown in Table 13.
Each coyote hole medicine calculation result of table 13
(10) blasting result
After chock blasting, using underwater sonar technology, the underwater topographic map measurement nearby of rock plug mouthful is carried out, has been covered due to domatic Lid silt, topographic map is in funnel-form, and rock plug is quick-fried logical, meets opening requirement.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of lower chock blasting method of deep water thickness alluvial covering based on amendment blasting action index, comprises the following steps：
(1) data collection
Including a range of landform of rock plug mouthful and geologic information, the depth of water, overburden cover, topographic map；
(2) the pre- ceasma in rock plug periphery
On rock plug periphery pre- ceasma is bored by the requirement of rock cock body size；
It is characterized in that：
(3) cock body lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs is determined
Each lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs K determined as follows arithmetic mean of instantaneous value is taken as the unit powder consumption of this cock body rock K：
1) according to the unit weight of rock, empirically formula is calculated
K = 0.4 + ( γ 2450 ) 2 - - - ( 1 )
In formula：K --- lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs (kg/m3)；
γ --- rock unit weight (kg/m3)；
2) calculated according to rock rank with reference to empirical equation
K=0.8+0.085N (2)
In formula：K --- lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs (kg/m3)；
N --- rock rank (by 16 grades of classifications)；
3) tested and determined by standard blasting crater
Under the conditions of identical geology, standard blasting crater experiment is carried out in flat ground, with this true defining K value；
(4) chambers former and firing order
Main chamber blasting on chamber blasting in rock plug, first axis is there is provided opening and new free face, then each auxiliary relation phase Free face is provided after explosion, fractured rock and for follow-up chamber blasting；
(5) burst-chamber minimum burden is determined
Minimum burden be coyote hole central point to the beeline of scar, calculated with two space of points range formulas (3), its Minimum value is minimum burden W,
S i = ( X i - X 0 ) 2 + ( Y i - Y 0 ) 2 + ( Z i - Z 0 ) 2 - - - ( 3 )
W=min (S1,S2,S3,……,Sn) (4)
In formula：Si--- space distance between two points (m), i=1,2,3 ... ..., n；
W --- minimum burden (m)；
Xi, Yi, Zi--- the space coordinate (m) of ground point；
X0, Y0, Z0--- the space coordinate (m) of coyote hole central point；
(6) land blasting action index nLandValue selection
1) coyote hole land blasting action index nLand, the top coyote hole on rock plug axis takes the blast action for strengthening pinpoint blasting to refer to Number；Other coyote holes take the blasting action index of standard pinpoint blasting, if there is clamping action, take the blast action for strengthening pinpoint blasting Index；
2) rock plug axis top chamber blasting opening range, is that shelled force R ' and upper shelled force R are surrounded under explosive funnel Region AB,
1. shelled force R is descended to calculate according to the following formula：
In formula：R --- it is shelled force (m) under explosive funnel；
W --- minimum burden (m)；
nLand--- blasting action index；
2. upper shelled force R ' is calculated according to the following formula：
In formula：R ' --- for shelled force (m) on explosive funnel；
β --- according to the rupture factor depending on terrain slope and native lithology matter；
3) the blasting action index n of the upper and lower coyote hole of rock plug axisOn、nUnder, should also be met according to impedance balance principle：
In formula：KOn、KUnder--- the lithologic unit amount of consumption of drugs (kg/m residing for upper and lower coyote hole3), its same step (3) of determination method；
nOn、nUnder--- upper and lower chamber blasting action index；
f(nOn)、f(nUnder) --- blasting action index function, its expression formula is：F (n)=0.4+0.6n3；
(7) coyote hole spacing is checked
According to each coyote hole minimum burden and land blasting action index of foregoing determination, adjacent coyote hole minimum spacing a is also tackled Checked, checking calculation formula is as follows：
a = W c p f ( n c p ) 3 - - - ( 8 )
In formula：A --- pack spacing (m)；
Wcp--- the average minimum burden (m) of adjacent pack；
f(ncp) --- the average burst action index function of adjacent pack；
(8) the blasting action index n in water under mud coveringWaterValue
According to the depth of water H of measurementWaterWith deposition thickness HBecome silted up, using the blasting action index formula (9) for covering of depositing under water, to each medicine Bag blasting action index is modified calculating；
In formula：nWater--- it is underwater demolition action index；
nLand--- it is land blasting action index；
HWater--- cover surface is with headwater depth (m) when being explosion；
HBecome silted up--- deposit (or coating) thickness (m) when being explosion at minimum burden on rock face；
(9) each coyote hole medicine calculation
QWater=K W3f(nWater) (10)
By the n of calculatingWaterAbove formula is substituted into, calculated dose is obtained；
(10) networking closure explosion
According to design requirement, explosion is networked and blocked to coyote hole.
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CN110207554A (en) * 2019-06-30 2019-09-06 中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司 A kind of blasting cavities method created high density and cover the lower chock blasting scope of freedom deeply
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CN113916075A (en) * 2021-10-31 2022-01-11 中国能源建设集团广西水电工程局有限公司 Single face empty face rock plug blasting parameter primary selection test method
CN113916075B (en) * 2021-10-31 2023-11-03 中国能源建设集团广西水电工程局有限公司 Single-temporary-face rock plug blasting parameter primary selection test method

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