CN106965249B - Fibre reinforced composites processing is servo-actuated reverse cooling and dust pelletizing system - Google Patents
Fibre reinforced composites processing is servo-actuated reverse cooling and dust pelletizing system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001651 Cyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004830 Super Glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010035653 pneumoconiosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
- B26F1/16—Perforating by tool or tools of the drill type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0039—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with flow guiding by feed or discharge devices
- B01D46/0041—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with flow guiding by feed or discharge devices for feeding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
- B08B15/04—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area from a small area, e.g. a tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/18—Means for removing cut-out material or waste
- B26D7/1845—Means for removing cut-out material or waste by non mechanical means
- B26D7/1863—Means for removing cut-out material or waste by non mechanical means by suction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D2007/0012—Details, accessories or auxiliary or special operations not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于切削加工技术领域，涉及一种实现纤维增强复合材料加工过程随动除尘和逆向冷却的系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of cutting processing, and relates to a system for realizing follow-up dust removal and reverse cooling in the processing process of fiber-reinforced composite materials.
背景技术Background technique
纤维增强复合材料因其质轻高强、耐高温、抗疲劳等诸多优良特性现被广泛应用于航空航天、船舶制造、汽车制造和工业机器人上，例如在空客A350WXB，宝马7系轿车，先进近海战舰都大量采用纤维增强复合材料制造各类构件，以减轻整体质量，提高经济性。纤维增强复合材料是由性能差异极大的纤维增强相和树脂基体组成的各向异性材料，在制造复材构件对其进行加工过程中会产生极细的纤维粉末，对人体危害大，易造成尘肺等病症，需要在加工时及时进行除尘。此外，纤维增强复合材料主要是由纤维增强相以及树脂基体相构成的混合形态，宏观上呈现明显的各向异性和层叠特征，其层间结合强度远低于其他方向，当切削温度高于材料树脂基体的玻璃化温度时，纤维复合材料的力学性能急剧衰变，在较小的轴向力作用下即可产生明显的分层、撕裂等加工损伤，因此需要在加工过程中添加一系列冷却装置来避免切削区温度接近树脂基体的玻璃化温度。此外由于水冷方式会导致树脂基体吸水，玻璃化温度下降，严重影响材料在湿热条件下的压缩强度，现在工业上常采用风冷、喷雾冷却等冷却方式。同时，为保证冷却效果的有效性和加工的连续性，需采用随动装置跟进加工。可见，在纤维增强复合材料的切削加工过程中，同时实现除尘、冷却和随动进给是实现绿色、高质、快速加工纤维复合材料的技术瓶颈之一。Fiber-reinforced composite materials are widely used in aerospace, shipbuilding, automobile manufacturing and industrial robots because of their excellent properties such as light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance, and fatigue resistance. A large number of warships use fiber-reinforced composite materials to manufacture various components to reduce the overall quality and improve economy. Fiber-reinforced composite materials are anisotropic materials composed of fiber-reinforced phases and resin matrices with greatly different properties. In the process of manufacturing composite components and processing them, extremely fine fiber powder will be produced, which is harmful to the human body and easily causes Diseases such as pneumoconiosis require timely dust removal during processing. In addition, fiber-reinforced composite materials are mainly composed of fiber-reinforced phases and resin matrix phases in a mixed form, which presents obvious anisotropy and lamination characteristics macroscopically, and its interlayer bonding strength is much lower than other directions. When the cutting temperature is higher than that of the material At the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix, the mechanical properties of the fiber composite material decay rapidly, and obvious processing damage such as delamination and tearing can occur under the action of a small axial force. Therefore, it is necessary to add a series of cooling during processing. device to avoid cutting zone temperatures close to the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix. In addition, because the water cooling method will cause the resin matrix to absorb water, the glass transition temperature will drop, which will seriously affect the compressive strength of the material under hot and humid conditions. Nowadays, air cooling, spray cooling and other cooling methods are often used in the industry. At the same time, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the cooling effect and the continuity of processing, it is necessary to use a follow-up device to follow up the processing. It can be seen that in the cutting process of fiber reinforced composite materials, simultaneously realizing dust removal, cooling and follow-up feeding is one of the technical bottlenecks to realize green, high-quality and fast processing of fiber composite materials.
国内外研究发现，在加工纤维复合材料时，不同的吸气方向将对制孔质量产生不同的影响，采用合理的结构可以有效减小制孔时的分层、毛刺等损伤，同时，采用低温冷却加工也能够在一定程度上减小刀具磨损，提高加工质量，大连理工大学王福吉等人提出了一种“负压逆向冷却的碳纤维增强复合材料高质量加工方法”，专利号CN201610392258，该方法通过气泵使负压罩内产生负压，通过刀具气泵在钻头内冷孔产生正压，实现逆向冷却功能，能够有效降低毛刺和分层缺陷，然而该发明中负压罩固定在纤维复合材料表面，不能随刀具运动，无法实现连续切削，且负压罩上端不能完全包络刀具夹头，在轴向进给较大时会发生干涉，使刀具夹头撞上负压罩，这从一定程度上限制了制孔刀具的进给量，无法实现大厚度材料加工；Tian Xia在Universit of Kentucky UKnowledge上发表的《INVESTIGATION OF DRILLING PERFORMANCE IN CRYOGENIC DRILLING ON CFRPCOMPOSITE LAMINATES》上指出，在冷却条件下加工纤维复合材料时，对比钻削推力，扭矩，刀具磨损量和加工孔质量，发现在大多数情况下，低温钻削能够获得更好的加工孔质量和较低的表面粗糙度，孔直径更加准确，且产生的毛刺较少，刀具的磨损率相较于干切削也更小，然而，上述专利和方法都无法实现吸尘、冷却和随动一体化，无法满足高效、高质量、低粉尘加工的要求。Research at home and abroad has found that when processing fiber composite materials, different air suction directions will have different effects on the quality of hole making. The use of a reasonable structure can effectively reduce damage such as delamination and burrs during hole making. At the same time, using low temperature Cooling processing can also reduce tool wear to a certain extent and improve processing quality. Wang Fuji of Dalian University of Technology and others proposed a "high-quality processing method of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials with negative pressure reverse cooling", patent number CN201610392258, this method The negative pressure is generated in the negative pressure cover through the air pump, and the positive pressure is generated in the internal cooling hole of the drill bit through the tool air pump to realize the reverse cooling function, which can effectively reduce burrs and delamination defects. However, in this invention, the negative pressure cover is fixed on the surface of the fiber composite material , cannot move with the tool, cannot achieve continuous cutting, and the upper end of the negative pressure cover cannot completely envelop the tool holder, and interference will occur when the axial feed is large, causing the tool holder to hit the negative pressure cover, which is to a certain extent However, the feed rate of the hole-making tool is limited, and the processing of large-thickness materials cannot be realized; Tian Xia pointed out in "INVESTIGATION OF DRILLING PERFORMANCE IN CRYOGENIC DRILLING ON CFRPCOMPOSITE LAMINATES" published on Universit of Kentucky UKnowledge that processing fiber composites under cooling conditions When comparing the drilling thrust, torque, tool wear and processing hole quality, it is found that in most cases, low temperature drilling can obtain better processing hole quality and lower surface roughness, and the hole diameter is more accurate, and There are fewer burrs, and the wear rate of the tool is smaller than that of dry cutting. However, the above-mentioned patents and methods cannot realize the integration of dust collection, cooling and follow-up, and cannot meet the requirements of high-efficiency, high-quality, and low-dust processing. .
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明主要解决的技术难题是在纤维增强树脂基复合材料进行切削加工的过程中，产生大量有害粉尘，切削区温度高影响制孔质量，产生大量毛刺和分层缺陷的问题，发明一种纤维复合材料加工的随动逆向冷却及除尘系统，该系统能够同时实现除尘、逆向冷却和刀具随动的要求，并能够适用于多类制孔刀具，减少粉尘污染，提高加工质量。The main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that during the cutting process of fiber-reinforced resin-based composite materials, a large amount of harmful dust is produced, the high temperature in the cutting area affects the quality of hole making, and a large number of burrs and delamination defects are generated. Follow-up reverse cooling and dust removal system for composite material processing. This system can meet the requirements of dust removal, reverse cooling and tool follow-up at the same time, and can be applied to various types of hole-making tools to reduce dust pollution and improve processing quality.
本发明采用的技术方案是一种纤维复合材料加工的随动逆向冷却及除尘系统，其特征是，该系统由孔径调节机构A，负压罩B，伸缩杆机构C，主轴固定支架D，冷却气供给机构E，粉尘处理机构F六部分组成；The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a follow-up reverse cooling and dust removal system for processing fiber composite materials, which is characterized in that the system consists of an aperture adjustment mechanism A, a negative pressure cover B, a telescopic rod mechanism C, a main shaft fixing bracket D, and a cooling system. The air supply mechanism E and the dust treatment mechanism F are composed of six parts;
所述冷却气供给机构E由喷射嘴11，喷雾加压器4，油雾混合装置5，储藏罐6构成，喷射嘴11与喷雾加压器4连接，喷雾加压器4与油雾混合装置5相连，油雾混合装置5与储藏罐6连接，通过油雾混合装置5将储藏罐6中的冷却油和冷却水抽出并在装置内进行雾化，输送到喷射嘴11之中，通过喷射嘴11喷射在加工刀具3和复材板1的加工位置；The cooling air supply mechanism E is composed of a spray nozzle 11, a spray pressurizer 4, an oil mist mixing device 5, and a storage tank 6. The spray nozzle 11 is connected to the spray pressurizer 4, and the spray pressurizer 4 is connected to the oil mist mixing device. 5 connected, the oil mist mixing device 5 is connected to the storage tank 6, and the cooling oil and cooling water in the storage tank 6 are extracted through the oil mist mixing device 5 and atomized in the device, transported to the spray nozzle 11, and sprayed The nozzle 11 is sprayed at the processing position of the processing tool 3 and the composite plate 1;
所述粉尘处理机构F由负压吸尘器7，过滤模块8，废液及切屑收集装置9构成，并依次连接起来；负压吸尘器7和负压罩B之间采用吸尘软管12进行连接，通过负压吸尘器7将加工时产生的切屑以及多余冷却气通过吸尘软管12吸走，之后通过过滤模块8滤掉切屑并液化冷却气，通过废液及切屑收集装置9保存。The dust processing mechanism F is composed of a negative pressure vacuum cleaner 7, a filter module 8, and a waste liquid and chip collection device 9, which are connected in sequence; the negative pressure vacuum cleaner 7 and the negative pressure cover B are connected by a dust suction hose 12, The chips and excess cooling air generated during processing are sucked away by the negative pressure vacuum cleaner 7 through the suction hose 12 , and then the chips are filtered out through the filter module 8 and the cooling gas is liquefied, and stored by the waste liquid and chip collection device 9 .
所述孔径调节机构A为一种多叶片旋转孔径调节装置，叶片组A1固定在叶片旋转轴A3上，通过叶片旋转推杆A2的旋转角度来改变叶片组A1的开合程度，从而控制中心孔径a1大小，叶片组A1的叶片数量控制在8-12片之间，孔径调节范围控制在6-20mm；The aperture adjustment mechanism A is a multi-blade rotary aperture adjustment device, the blade group A1 is fixed on the blade rotation axis A3, and the opening and closing degree of the blade group A1 is changed by the rotation angle of the blade rotation push rod A2, thereby controlling the central aperture The size of a1, the number of blades in the blade group A1 is controlled between 8-12 pieces, and the aperture adjustment range is controlled within 6-20mm;
所述负压罩B采用3D打印一次成型，负压罩B通过沿周向分布的4个连接块B3与孔径调节机构A用强力胶粘接，负压罩B通过推杆连接孔B2连接伸缩杆机构C的推杆C1，并在推杆锁紧孔B4内旋入螺钉固定；负压罩B上加工有吸尘孔B1，吸尘软管12插入吸尘孔B1，并用螺钉穿入吸尘管锁紧孔中锁紧；The negative pressure cover B is formed by 3D printing at one time. The negative pressure cover B is bonded to the aperture adjustment mechanism A with super glue through four connecting blocks B3 distributed along the circumferential direction. The negative pressure cover B is connected and stretched through the push rod connection hole B2. The push rod C1 of the rod mechanism C is screwed into the push rod locking hole B4 to fix it; the negative pressure cover B is processed with a dust suction hole B1, and the dust suction hose 12 is inserted into the dust suction hole B1, and the screw is used to penetrate the suction hole B1. Lock in the locking hole of the dust pipe;
所述伸缩杆机构C由推杆C1，止推弹簧C2，推杆支承座C3三部分构成，推杆C1与推杆支承座C3之间采用间隙配合；The telescopic rod mechanism C is composed of a push rod C1, a thrust spring C2, and a push rod support seat C3, and a gap fit is used between the push rod C1 and the push rod support seat C3;
所述主轴固定支架D由定位套筒D1，锁紧扣D2和角铁固定座D3三部分构成，用主轴锁紧钢丝10穿过角铁固定座D3上的主轴锁紧钢丝固定孔，套在主轴上，和另一端的固定支架D相连。The main shaft fixing bracket D is composed of three parts: the positioning sleeve D1, the locking buckle D2 and the angle iron fixing seat D3. The main shaft locking steel wire 10 passes through the main shaft locking steel wire fixing hole on the angle iron fixing seat D3, and is placed on the On the main shaft, it is connected with the fixed bracket D at the other end.
本发明的有益效果是冷却气供给机构能够提供雾化冷却气，并喷射在加工区域；粉尘处理机构能够有效吸走加工切屑。实现除尘、冷却才能实现绿色、高质加工纤维复合材料。液化冷却气及回收系统结构紧凑，集成多种功能，很有实用价值。The beneficial effect of the invention is that the cooling air supply mechanism can provide atomized cooling air and spray it in the processing area; the dust treatment mechanism can effectively suck away processing chips. Only by realizing dust removal and cooling can green and high-quality processed fiber composite materials be realized. The liquefied cooling gas and recovery system has a compact structure and integrates multiple functions, which is of great practical value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为整个系统的示意图，图2为孔径调节机构的主视图，图3为负压罩的等轴测图，图4为伸缩杆机构的剖视图，图5为主轴固定架的等轴测图。其中：1-复材板，2-机床主轴，3-加工刀具，4-喷雾加压器，5-油雾混合装置，6-储藏罐，7-负压吸尘器，8-过滤模块，9-废液及切屑收集装置，10-主轴锁紧钢丝，11-喷射嘴，12-吸尘软管；A-孔径调节机构，A1-叶片组，A2-叶片旋转推杆，A3-叶片旋转轴；a1-中心孔径，B-负压罩，B1-吸尘孔，B2-推杆连接孔，B3-负压罩连接块，B4-伸缩杆锁紧孔，C-伸缩杆机构，C1-推杆，C2-止推弹簧，C3-推杆支承座；D-主轴固定支架，D1-定位套筒，D2-锁紧扣，D3-角铁固定座，E-冷却气供给机构，F-粉尘处理机构，h-负压罩壁厚。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the entire system, Figure 2 is a front view of the aperture adjustment mechanism, Figure 3 is an isometric view of the negative pressure cover, Figure 4 is a sectional view of the telescopic rod mechanism, and Figure 5 is an isometric view of the spindle fixing frame . Among them: 1-composite board, 2-machine tool spindle, 3-processing tool, 4-spray pressurizer, 5-oil mist mixing device, 6-storage tank, 7-negative pressure vacuum cleaner, 8-filter module, 9- Waste liquid and chip collection device, 10-spindle locking wire, 11-jet nozzle, 12-vacuum hose; A-aperture adjustment mechanism, A1-blade group, A2-blade rotation push rod, A3-blade rotation shaft; a1-center aperture, B-negative pressure cover, B1-vacuum suction hole, B2-push rod connection hole, B3-negative pressure cover connection block, B4-telescopic rod locking hole, C-telescopic rod mechanism, C1-push rod , C2-thrust spring, C3-push rod support seat; D-spindle fixing bracket, D1-positioning sleeve, D2-locking buckle, D3-angle iron fixing seat, E-cooling air supply mechanism, F-dust treatment Mechanism, h-the wall thickness of the negative pressure cover.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
下面结合附图和技术方案详细说明本发明的具体实施。The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.
如图1，图2，图3，图4，图5所示的一种纤维增强复合材料加工的随动除尘及逆向冷却系统，该系统可分为孔径调节机构A，负压罩B，伸缩杆机构C，主轴固定支架D，冷却气供给机构E，粉尘处理机构F六部分，系统可以通过孔径调节机构A控制进风量，调节负压大小，通过负压罩B完成除尘和冷却功能，通过伸缩杆机构C和主轴固定支架D完成系统跟随机床主轴运动的功能，采用冷却气供给机构E和粉尘处理机构F分别完成冷却气的提供和切屑、余气的收集。As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5, a follow-up dust removal and reverse cooling system for processing fiber reinforced composite materials can be divided into aperture adjustment mechanism A, negative pressure cover B, telescopic Rod mechanism C, spindle fixing bracket D, cooling air supply mechanism E, and dust treatment mechanism F are six parts. The system can control the air intake through the aperture adjustment mechanism A, adjust the negative pressure, and complete the dust removal and cooling functions through the negative pressure cover B. The telescopic rod mechanism C and the spindle fixing bracket D complete the function of the system following the movement of the machine tool spindle, and the cooling air supply mechanism E and the dust treatment mechanism F are used to respectively complete the supply of cooling air and the collection of chips and residual air.
本实例中，所述孔径调节机构A为一种多叶片旋转孔径调节装置，通过叶片旋转推杆A2的旋转角度来改变叶片组A1的开合程度，从而控制中心孔径a1大小，叶片组A1固定在叶片旋转轴A3上，当逆时针旋转叶片旋转推杆A2时，叶片组A1上的每个叶片都绕着各自的叶片旋转轴A3逆时针转动，从而整个中心孔径因叶片张开而变大，当叶片旋转推杆A2顺时针转动时，叶片组A1的每个叶片都绕着各自的叶片旋转轴A3顺时针转动，中心孔径缩小，叶片组11的叶片数量为保证近似圆且结构相对简单，选取了12片叶片的结构，孔径在6-20mm范围内调节。In this example, the aperture adjustment mechanism A is a multi-blade rotary aperture adjustment device, which changes the opening and closing degree of the blade group A1 through the rotation angle of the blade rotation push rod A2, thereby controlling the size of the central aperture a1, and the blade group A1 is fixed On the blade rotation axis A3, when the blade rotation push rod A2 is rotated counterclockwise, each blade on the blade group A1 rotates counterclockwise around its respective blade rotation axis A3, so that the entire central aperture becomes larger due to the blade opening , when the blade rotation push rod A2 rotates clockwise, each blade of the blade group A1 rotates clockwise around the respective blade rotation axis A3, the central aperture is reduced, and the number of blades of the blade group 11 is guaranteed to be approximately round and relatively simple in structure , the structure of 12 blades is selected, and the aperture can be adjusted within the range of 6-20mm.
所述负压罩B采用3D打印技术增材制造，一次成型，避免了复杂形状部件装配困难的问题，负压罩B通过沿周向分布的4个连接块B3与孔径调节机构A用强力胶粘接，负压罩B通过推杆连接孔B2连接伸缩杆C，并在推杆锁紧孔B4内旋入螺钉，完成部件B和部件C的装配，负压罩B通过将制孔刀具3和机床主轴2前端罩住，形成负压腔，将吸尘软管12插入吸尘孔B1并用螺钉穿入吸尘管锁紧孔中锁紧，把吸尘软管的另一端连入负压吸尘器7中，当开启负压吸尘器7之后，负压腔内的切屑被吸出并沿着吸尘软管12进入到粉尘处理机构F中，选择负压罩壁厚h为3mm。The negative pressure cover B is additively manufactured by 3D printing technology, and it is formed at one time, which avoids the problem of difficult assembly of parts with complex shapes. Bonding, the negative pressure cover B is connected to the telescopic rod C through the push rod connection hole B2, and screws are screwed into the push rod locking hole B4 to complete the assembly of parts B and C. The negative pressure cover B passes the hole making tool 3 Cover it with the front end of the machine tool spindle 2 to form a negative pressure chamber. Insert the dust suction hose 12 into the dust suction hole B1 and screw it into the locking hole of the dust suction pipe to lock it. Connect the other end of the dust suction hose to the negative pressure vacuum cleaner 7 Among them, when the negative pressure vacuum cleaner 7 is turned on, the chips in the negative pressure chamber are sucked out and enter the dust processing mechanism F along the dust suction hose 12, and the wall thickness h of the negative pressure cover is selected to be 3mm.
所述伸缩杆机构C由推杆C1，止推弹簧C2，推杆支承座C3三部分构成，其中推杆C1的长度取为200mm，止推弹簧C2的伸缩范围选取为30-120mm，推杆支承座C3的长度取为200mm，推杆C1与推杆支承座C3之间采用间隙配合，使推杆C1能够在推杆支承座C3内部自由滑动。The telescopic rod mechanism C is composed of push rod C1, thrust spring C2, and push rod support seat C3. The length of the push rod C1 is 200 mm, and the telescopic range of the thrust spring C2 is 30-120 mm. The length of the support seat C3 is taken as 200mm, and clearance fit is adopted between the push rod C1 and the push rod support seat C3, so that the push rod C1 can slide freely inside the push rod support seat C3.
所述主轴固定支架D由定位套筒D1，锁紧扣D2和角铁固定座D3三部分构成，将推杆支承座C3插入定位套筒D1中并采用锁紧扣D2锁紧，完成部件C和部件D的装配，用主轴锁紧钢丝10穿过角铁固定座D3上的主轴锁紧钢丝固定孔，套在主轴上，和另一端的固定支架D相连，通过一对主轴固定支架D实现整个系统在主轴2上的定位及锁紧。The main shaft fixing bracket D is composed of three parts: positioning sleeve D1, locking buckle D2 and angle iron fixing seat D3. Insert the push rod support seat C3 into the positioning sleeve D1 and lock it with locking buckle D2 to complete part C Assembling with component D, pass the spindle locking steel wire 10 through the spindle locking steel wire fixing hole on the angle iron fixing seat D3, put it on the spindle, and connect with the fixing bracket D at the other end, and realize it through a pair of spindle fixing brackets D The positioning and locking of the whole system on the main shaft 2.
所述冷却气供给机构E由喷射嘴11，喷雾加压器4，油雾混合装置5，储藏罐6四部分构成，通过油雾混合装置5将储藏罐6中的冷却油和冷却水抽出并在装置内进行雾化，输送到喷雾加压器4之中，随后通过喷射嘴11将雾化的混合油雾喷射在加工刀具3和复材板1的加工位置上。The cooling air supply mechanism E is composed of spray nozzle 11, spray pressurizer 4, oil mist mixing device 5, and storage tank 6. The cooling oil and cooling water in the storage tank 6 are drawn out and cooled by the oil mist mixing device 5. Atomization is carried out in the device, transported to the spray pressurizer 4, and then the atomized mixed oil mist is sprayed on the processing position of the processing tool 3 and the composite plate 1 through the spray nozzle 11.
所述粉尘处理机构由负压吸尘器7，过滤模块8，废液及切屑收集装置9三部分构成，负压吸尘器7和负压罩B之间采用吸尘软管12进行连接，通过负压吸尘器7将加工时产生的切屑以及多余冷却气通过吸尘软管12吸走，保证切削部分的冷却恒定，切屑随时清除，之后通过过滤模块8滤掉切屑并液化冷却气，通过废液及切屑收集装置9保存。The dust processing mechanism is composed of a negative pressure cleaner 7, a filter module 8, and a waste liquid and chip collection device 9. The negative pressure cleaner 7 and the negative pressure cover B are connected by a suction hose 12, and the negative pressure cleaner 7. The chips and excess cooling air generated during processing are sucked away through the dust suction hose 12 to ensure constant cooling of the cutting part, and the chips are removed at any time. Afterwards, the chips are filtered out through the filter module 8 and the cooling gas is liquefied, and the waste liquid and chips are collected. Device 9 saves.
孔径调节机构A、负压罩B、伸缩杆机构C、主轴固定支架D装配完成后通过主轴锁紧钢丝10固定在主轴2上，随着主轴可以同步实现平动，通过伸缩杆机构C能够在主轴2进行轴向进给时，使负压罩B始终和复材板1紧密贴合，伸缩杆收缩，从而刀具能够顺利沿轴向运动不发生干涉，实现随动功能，并且负压罩B连接着各主要部件，根据之前所述功能可以顺利完成逆向吸尘和冷却要求，系统结构紧凑，集成多种功能，很有实用价值。Aperture adjustment mechanism A, negative pressure cover B, telescopic rod mechanism C, and main shaft fixing bracket D are assembled and fixed on the main shaft 2 through the main shaft locking wire 10, and the translational movement can be realized synchronously with the main shaft, through the telescopic rod mechanism C. When the main shaft 2 is feeding in the axial direction, the negative pressure cover B is always in close contact with the composite material plate 1, and the telescopic rod shrinks, so that the tool can move smoothly along the axial direction without interference, realizing the follow-up function, and the negative pressure cover B The main components are connected, and the reverse dust collection and cooling requirements can be successfully completed according to the functions mentioned above. The system has a compact structure and integrates multiple functions, which is of great practical value.
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