CN106960394A - A kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure based on Monte Carlo - Google Patents
A kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure based on Monte Carlo Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure based on Monte Carlo, comprise the following steps：The primary data of each equipment is inputted according to system mode, the essential information of system is formed and sets effective Monte-Carlo step number of times and calculation error；State sampling is carried out using Monte Carlo Method successively to each equipment in system, according to sampling results, generated output and workload demand are adjusted using security domain method, state to system is estimated, if there is situations such as uneven, system sectionalizing or transmission line of electricity overload, the value for recording ATC under the state is zero；If system is normally run, determine the load bus and source point involved by transmission cross-section to be assessed, based on alternating iteration computing system trend up to system is out-of-limit or reaches maximum iteration, solve the ATC under sample mode, until cycle calculations reach the frequency in sampling of setting, obtained every probability assessment index is finally counted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure based on Monte Carlo, belong to alternating current-direct current
Serial-parallel power grid safe and stable operation research field.
Background technology
The calculating of available transmission capacity is often attributed to Solution of Nonlinear Optimal Problem.Object function is typically taken as energy of transmitting electricity
Power maximize, according to the difference of required object, if only select a section, object function be by the section general power most
Big or general power value added is maximum, if solve multiple sections when, object function is typically set to the weighting total work of all sections
Rate or the value added maximum for weighting general power.Recently, some scholars are established based on generator report also from economic angle
The multi-objective calculation model of the economic restrictions such as valency, consumers will and trading space, the model so obtained, which has more, actually to be referred to
Lead meaning.Traditional ability to transmit electricity, which is calculated, mainly considers thermally-stabilised constraint and the constraint of node voltage bound, with electricity market
The raising for the further deep and computing technique changed, the calculating of ability to transmit electricity is gradually added Voltage Stability Constraints, transient stability about
Influence of beam, all kinds of failures and uncertain factor etc..
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure based on Monte Carlo, and this method is based on
The computation model and method of the AC system ability to transmit electricity accumulated, it is considered to simply interconnected comprising feeding section, by electric region
AC-DC hybrid power grid, extension sets up the Mathematical Modeling of AC-DC hybrid power grid, utilizes Monte-Carlo step and Power Safe
The method in domain is estimated to power transmitting capability.
In order to reach above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure based on Monte Carlo, comprises the following steps：
A, the initial operating state according to system, input the primary data of each equipment, form the essential information of system, setting
Effective Monte-Carlo step number of times, control cycle-index and calculation error；
B, the ability to transmit electricity assessment models for setting up AC-DC hybrid power grid, ability to transmit electricity assessment models include object function,
Constraints and evaluation index, object function is：
Optimization aim is turned to ability to transmit electricity maximum, object function is reduced to feeding section S to all by electric region R
The difference of power is multiplied by with an empirical coefficient under power and existing transmission of electricity agreement on winding thread.In formula, ε is nargin coefficient, generally
Rule of thumb value is 5%,Respectively the existing transmission of electricity agreement of alternating current and direct current, can be calculated by Load Flow Program and obtained；
Pij、PmnThe active power respectively flowed on alternating current and direct current interconnection, is the function of each node voltage and phase angle, ordinary circumstance
Under can be expressed as：
In formula, Vi、VjThe respectively voltage magnitude of the end node of interconnection two；δi、δjThe respectively electricity of the end node of interconnection two
Press phase angle；GiiFor the self-conductance of node i；Gij、BijTransconductance, mutual susceptance respectively between node i, j；N is contact line number
Amount；Subscript m and n it is corresponding be straight-flow system transmission active power, for selected section be free of direct current in the case of, straight-flow system
The active power of transmission is zero.
In AC-DC hybrid power grid, constraints includes equality constraint and inequality constraints, and equality constraint is：
(1) the node power flow equation of ac and dc systemses
Wherein, Pi、QjFor exchange, node is active, reactive power；Pdi、QdjFor DC node is active, reactive power formula；PdiWith
QdiFirst positive and negative number corresponds respectively to Inverter Station and converting plant, QsiFor reactive-load compensation；Gij+jBijFor AC system node admittance battle array
In the i-th row jth column element；Vi、VjFor the voltage magnitude of AC system node；δij=δi-δjFor AC system node i and section
Point j phase difference of voltage；N is the node total number of system.
(2) straight-flow system network equation
Wherein, Vd0For Converter DC-side floating voltage；B is the bridge number that rectification side and inverter side transverter are connected；T is whole
Flow the no-load voltage ratio of side and inverter side converter transformers；EacFor the virtual value of change of current bus AC line voltage；VdFor DC voltage；
α is rectifier Trigger Angle；XcCommutating reactance；IdFor DC current；γ is inverter blow-out angle；For converter power angle；PdFor
Transverter node DC side active power, outflow node is just, it is negative to flow into node；QdAbsorbed for transverter node AC
Reactive power.
Inequality constraints is：
(1) inequality constraints of AC system
Exchange node voltage amplitude constraint：
Vimin≤Vi≤Vimax
Wherein, ViFor node voltage；Vimin、VimaxFor node voltage upper and lower limit.
Unit is active, idle units limits：
Wherein, PG、QGRespectively unit is active, idle exert oneself；PGmin、PGmax、QGmin、QGmaxRespectively unit is active, nothing
Work(is exerted oneself upper and lower limit.
The thermally-stabilised constraint of circuit：
Pl＜ Plmax
Wherein, PlFor Line Flow；PlmaxFor the Line Flow upper limit.
Line current is constrained：
Iijmin≤Iij≤Iijmax
Wherein, IijFor line current；Iijmin、IijmaxRespectively line current bound.
(2) inequality constraints of straight-flow system
Transverter DC current Filters with Magnitude Constraints：
Idmin≤Id≤Idmax
Wherein, IdFor DC current；Idmin、IdmaxRespectively DC current bound.
The pilot angle constraint of transverter：
Wherein, α is rectifier Trigger Angle；γ is inverter blow-out angle；αmin、γminRespectively rectifier Trigger Angle and inverse
Become device blow-out angle lower limit.
Ability to transmit electricity evaluation index includes ATC maximums, minimum value, average and quartile；
C, using Monte Carlo Method to each equipment in system, including generator, transformer, circuit and node load etc.,
State sampling is carried out successively；In step C, a system mode of power system is the combination of all devices state, and each
The state of equipment can be appeared in the shape probability of state by equipment and be sampled to determine.Commented to large-scale electrical power system
When estimating and calculating, Monte Carlo simulation method is used to the possibility of simulation system with its superiority in terms of challenge is handled
Running status.It so can not only take into full account influence of the uncertain factor to Operation of Electric Systems but also hardly by system
The restriction of complexity, so that the problem of solving to carry out probability assessment to the ability to transmit electricity of power network.
Assuming that the equipment of each in system can be described with being uniformly distributed on interval, and to each
Equipment only considers failure and an operation state, while assume whether separate failure is between each equipment, then with n equipment
System mode can be by vector representation：
S=(S1,...,Si,...,Sn)
S in formulaiFor equipment i state, its mathematic(al) representation is
τ in formulaiFor equipment i probability of malfunction；RiObey an equally distributed random number on [0,1] interval.
When being emulated using non-sequential Monte Carlo method to the state of power system, lead to the probability point of common equipment
The state of cloth function sampling determination system.
(1) for generator, transformer and transmission line of electricity, the probability distribution for assuming its state is Two-point distribution, is passed through
Extract and equally distributed stochastic variable is obeyed on interval according to their running status of determination.
(2) for transformer, in addition to faulty and run both states, also tap is considered according to actual conditions
Running status in different gears, therefore when the state of transformer is operation, a certain determine is obeyed in the regulation of its tap
Probability distribution, corresponding distribution function and parameter typically provide empirical value according to specific transmission system.
(3) for load, because influence factor is relatively more, it is considered that normal state point is obeyed in the fluctuation of each node load
Cloth N (μ, σ2), the mathematic expectaion μ of the distribution is generally the predicted value of node load, and the variances sigma of the distribution2Then describe system
Actual load deviates the degree of predicted value, and its empirical value is provided generally according to specific transmission system.
(4) for traditional two ends DC equipment state sampling, because DC line has monopole and bipolar point, for monopole
For DC line, it can typically be simulated by monopolar operation and 2 states of stoppage in transit；And for bipolar DC link, due to bag
Containing bipolar operation, 3 states of monopolar operation and bi-pole protection block, then it can be sampled, be retouched with state model by DSMC
State.
D, according to sampling acquired results, generated output and workload demand are adjusted using security domain method, to the state of system
It is estimated, if system is normally run, goes to step E；If occur the generating of system and load unbalanced, system sectionalizing,
Either transmission line of electricity Overload, then return to step C, while the value for recording ATC under the state is zero.
In step D, the ability to transmit electricity of power network is analyzed using the dynamic and Steady State Security Region in power Injection Space, it is real
Dynamic Security Region ΩDBy the hyperplane perpendicular to reference axis that each node power upper and lower limit is described on power Injection Space
Surrounded with one or more hyperplane of description transient stability critical point, the power injection vector of network before accident that and if only if
When in the set, after it there occurs specified failure, system will not lose transient stability；Static Voltage Stability Region ΩVAnd heat
Stable region ΩTIt can be obtained by similar definition；Make ΩMFor ΩD、ΩVWith ΩTCommon factor, be apparent from ΩMIt is contained in ability to transmit electricity model
The set of constraint；ATC solution procedure can regard search as and meet various constraintss and make section ability to transmit electricity maximized
The method of operation, that is, search for ΩMBorderline operating point.
As shown in figure 3, giving three-dimensional power Injection Space.P is the injection active power of node, its subscript i and j difference
The load bus and generating node by electric area are represented, k represents the generating node in power transmission area.S is system running state, the first subscript
" 0 ", " 1 ", " 2 " represent to assume transient stability limit in ground state, transient stability limit state and thermally-stabilised limiting condition, figure respectively
The limit more thermally-stabilised than N-1 reaches earlier.All S1Collect the smooth hyperplane M being combined into1It is Dynamic Security Region ΩDBorder,
It is similarly obtained ΩTBorder M2.D is the change direction of injecting power, and subscript " 1 ", " 2 ", " 3 " give different change sides
To.It is apparent from adjusting power from Bian with different constraint restrictive conditions according to the different directions that changes from figure, will obtains different
ATC result of calculations.
E, load bus and source point involved by transmission cross-section to be assessed is determined, concern as to whether to include straight-flow system, base
Trend is calculated in alternating iteration, until system is out-of-limit or reaches maximum iteration, the ATC values under sample mode are solved；
The frequency in sampling of F, cycle calculations until reaching setting, counts obtained every probability assessment index.
In step F, it is assumed that x1,x2,...,xnIt is from the ATC numerical value obtained by n Monte-Carlo Simulation calculating, according to this
A little samples go to estimate ATC probability density function f (x) to any x；The data interval that gained ATC numerical value covering will be calculated is used
PointIt is divided into the subinterval that several length are not waited, remembers N1For ATC sample point x1,x2,...,xnFall i-th of count block
Between [ai,ai+1) inner number, then density function f (x) is in [ai,ai+1) inner Function Estimation value is taken as：
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1st, the total transfer capability Optimized model comprising straight-flow system is established, the model considers the electric current of straight-flow system
Constraint, voltage constraint, Trigger Angle constraint, and can count and straight-flow system converting plant and Inverter Station different control modes combination.
2nd, the generator for constantly adjusting system using Monte carlo algorithm and according to the method for Dynamic Security Region is started shooting and gone out
Power, calculates the total transfer capability of alternating current-direct current combined hybrid system under condition of uncertainty, obtains a series of finger of evaluation ability to transmit electricities
Mark.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is three-dimensional power Injection Space figure.
Fig. 2 is a kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure flow chart based on Monte Carlo.
Fig. 3 is the IEEE 30-bus test system line charts for including straight-flow system after changing.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The present embodiment will verify put forward appraisal procedure in IEEE 30-bus test systems after the modification, the present invention
Appraisal procedure flow is as shown in Figure 2.Amended IEEE 30-bus test systems are as shown in Figure 3.The system includes 5 generatings
Machine, 30 nodes, 41 branch roads.It is to be connected using direct current layer-specific access mode between node 25, node 27, node 28, wherein
Node 27 is converting plant, the direct current receiving end Inverter Station of 28 different voltage class of node 25 and node.Amended system can divide
For two regions connected by the section being made up of circuit 4-12, circuit 6-9, circuit 6-10 and DC line 27-28, its
Middle region one is that, by electric region, region two is feeding section.Under normal operating conditions, direct current layer-specific access system converting plant is adopted
With Given current controller, i.e. Id=1p.u., and the control of daughter-in-law's arc angle, i.e. γ=15 ° are determined in Inverter Station use.Assuming that system has abundance
Reactive-load compensation, the control mode of straight-flow system can also be changed according to system situation.
This example is mainly assessed by the defeated of circuit 4-12, circuit 6-9, circuit 6-10 and DC line the 27-28 section constituted
Electric energy power.The reference capacity of system is taken as 100MW, and Monte Carlo number of times is set to 10 000 times during emulation, system equipment fault rate
Relevant parameter with load is as shown in table 1.
The system equipment probability of malfunction of table 1 and load parameter
Based on Matlab simulation softwares, establishment uses the alternating iteration method and flow calculation program of alternating current-direct current trend.Hand over
Streaming system part is iterated using Newton method, and the voltage for exchanging node with current conversion station after each iteration calculates the tide of DC line
Stream, then assign the trend of DC line as the load that current conversion station exchanges node, carry out the newton of AC system part next time
Method iteration.
Based on security domain method, the ability to transmit electricity of section under power growth pattern is studied, ATC indexs see the table below.
The ATC indexs of table 2
Above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any way, every to be obtained by the way of equivalent or equivalent transformation
Technical scheme all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure based on Monte Carlo, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
A, the initial operating state according to system, input the primary data of each equipment, form the essential information of system, and setting is effective
Monte-Carlo step number of times, control cycle-index and calculation error；
B, the ability to transmit electricity assessment models for setting up AC-DC hybrid power grid, ability to transmit electricity assessment models include object function, constraint
Condition and evaluation index, object function is：
In formula, ε is nargin coefficient,The respectively existing transmission of electricity agreement of alternating current and direct current；Pij、PmnRespectively exchange, directly
The active power flowed on stream interconnection；
In AC-DC hybrid power grid, constraints includes equality constraint and inequality constraints, and equality constraint is：
(1) the node power flow equation of ac and dc systemses
Wherein, Pi、QjFor exchange, node is active, reactive power；Pdi、QdjFor DC node is active, reactive power formula；PdiAnd QdiBefore
Positive and negative number corresponds respectively to Inverter Station and converting plant, QsiFor reactive-load compensation；Gij+jBijFor in AC system node admittance battle array
I-th row jth column element；Vi、VjFor the voltage magnitude of AC system node；δij=δi-δjIt is AC system node i and node j
Phase difference of voltage；N is the node total number of system；
(2) straight-flow system network equation
Wherein, Vd0For Converter DC-side floating voltage；B is the bridge number that rectification side and inverter side transverter are connected；T is rectification side
With the no-load voltage ratio of inverter side converter transformers；EacFor the virtual value of change of current bus AC line voltage；VdFor DC voltage；α is
Rectifier Trigger Angle；XcCommutating reactance；IdFor DC current；γ is inverter blow-out angle；For converter power angle；PdTo change
Device node DC side active power is flowed, outflow node is just, it is negative to flow into node；QdThe nothing absorbed for transverter node AC
Work(power；
Inequality constraints is：
(1) inequality constraints of AC system
Exchange node voltage amplitude constraint：
Vimin≤Vi≤Vimax
Wherein, ViFor node voltage；Vimin、VimaxFor node voltage upper and lower limit；
Unit is active, idle units limits：
Wherein, PG、QGRespectively unit is active, idle exert oneself；PGmin、PGmax、QGmin、QGmaxRespectively unit it is active, it is idle go out
Power upper and lower limit；
The thermally-stabilised constraint of circuit：
Pl＜ Plmax
Wherein, PlFor Line Flow；PlmaxFor the Line Flow upper limit；
Line current is constrained：
Iijmin≤Iij≤Iijmax
Wherein, IijFor line current；Iijmin、IijmaxRespectively line current bound.
(2) inequality constraints of straight-flow system
Transverter DC current Filters with Magnitude Constraints：
Idmin≤Id≤Idmax
Wherein, IdFor DC current；Idmin、IdmaxRespectively DC current bound；
The pilot angle constraint of transverter：
Wherein, α is rectifier Trigger Angle；γ is inverter blow-out angle；αmin、γminRespectively rectifier Trigger Angle and inverter
Blow-out angle lower limit；
Ability to transmit electricity evaluation index includes ATC maximums, minimum value, average and quartile；
C, using Monte Carlo Method to each equipment in system, state sampling is carried out successively；
D, according to sampling acquired results, adjust generated output and workload demand using security domain method, the state to system is carried out
Assess, if system is normally run, go to step E；If occur the generating of system and load unbalanced, system sectionalizing or
Transmission line of electricity Overload, then return to step C, while the value for recording ATC under the state is zero；
E, load bus and source point involved by transmission cross-section to be assessed is determined, concern as to whether to include straight-flow system, based on friendship
For iterative calculation trend, until system is out-of-limit or reaches maximum iteration, the ATC values under sample mode are solved；
The frequency in sampling of F, cycle calculations until reaching setting, counts obtained every probability assessment index.
2. a kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure based on Monte Carlo according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：ε values are 5%.
3. a kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure based on Monte Carlo according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：
In formula, Vi、VjThe respectively voltage magnitude of the end node of interconnection two；δi、δjThe respectively voltage phase of the end node of interconnection two
Angle；GiiFor the self-conductance of node i；Gij、BijTransconductance, mutual susceptance respectively between node i, j；N is interconnection quantity；Under
Mark m and n it is corresponding be straight-flow system transmission active power, for selected section be free of direct current in the case of, straight-flow system transmission
Active power be zero.
4. a kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure based on Monte Carlo according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：In step D, the ability to transmit electricity of power network is analyzed using the dynamic and Steady State Security Region in power Injection Space,
Practical Dynamic Security Region ΩDBy described on power Injection Space each node power upper and lower limit perpendicular to the super flat of reference axis
Face and description transient stability critical point one or more hyperplane surround, before accident that and if only if the power of network inject to
When amount is in the set, after it there occurs specified failure, system will not lose transient stability；Static Voltage Stability Region ΩVWith
Thermally-stabilised domain ΩTIt can be obtained by similar definition；Make ΩMFor ΩD、ΩVWith ΩTCommon factor, be apparent from ΩMIt is contained in ability to transmit electricity mould
The set of type constraint；ATC solution procedure can regard search as and meet various constraintss and maximize section ability to transmit electricity
The method of operation.
5. a kind of AC-DC hybrid power grid ability to transmit electricity appraisal procedure based on Monte Carlo according to claim 1, its
It is characterised by：In step F, it is assumed that x1,x2,...,xnIt is from the ATC numerical value obtained by n Monte-Carlo Simulation calculating, according to this
A little samples go to estimate ATC probability density function f (x) to any x；The data interval that gained ATC numerical value covering will be calculated is used
PointIt is divided into the subinterval that several length are not waited, remembers N1For ATC sample point x1,x2,...,xnFall i-th of count block
Between [ai,ai+1) inner number, then density function f (x) is in [ai,ai+1) inner Function Estimation value is taken as：
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| CN108693496A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-23 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of intelligent electric energy meter error predictor method based on parameter degeneration equation |
| CN108988401A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-12-11 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | The appraisal procedure of multichannel alternating current-direct current mixed connection section ability to transmit electricity and its constraint condition |
| CN109524982A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-26 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of alternating current-direct current Power Network Transient Stability methods of risk assessment |
| WO2019134258A1 (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2019-07-11 | 浙江大学 | Reliability approximation calculation method for large-scale multi-state system having cascading structure |
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| CN111967794A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-20 | 国网甘肃省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Big data processing-based assessment method for transmission capacity of power transmission network |
| CN112329231A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-05 | 江苏省电力试验研究院有限公司 | Voltage elastic force evaluation method suitable for alternating current-direct current series-parallel connection receiving end power grid |
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| CN110323738B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2023-03-28 | 国网新疆电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Method and system for determining new energy bearing capacity of direct current transmission system |
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| CN111293698B (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-09-28 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Distributed energy and user alternating current-direct current system management and control method considering operation margin |
| CN111967794A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-20 | 国网甘肃省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Big data processing-based assessment method for transmission capacity of power transmission network |
| CN112329231A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-05 | 江苏省电力试验研究院有限公司 | Voltage elastic force evaluation method suitable for alternating current-direct current series-parallel connection receiving end power grid |
| CN113538168A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-22 | 国网天津市电力公司 | Alternating current-direct current hybrid urban power grid vulnerability assessment method |
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