CN106952547B - Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation teaching experiment device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a teaching experiment device of a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, wherein the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system comprises a low-power photovoltaic array and a grid-connected photovoltaic inverter, and the low-power photovoltaic array is connected with the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter through a DC BUS; the alternating current power grid simulation system consists of a variable frequency speed regulator, a GCU, an automobile generator and an alternating current load device, wherein the automobile generator is connected with the variable frequency speed regulator and the GCU and is respectively connected with the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter and the alternating current load device through an AC BUS. The invention solves the problems of complex structure, high price, poor safety and the like of the traditional grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system teaching experiment platform and the practical training platform, has low operation cost, is safe and reliable, and meets the requirements of universities and scientific research institutions on the economy and safety of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation teaching experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation grid-connection technology, in particular to a grid-connection photovoltaic power generation teaching experiment device.
Background
Grid-connected photovoltaic power generation is one of important ways of new energy development and utilization. The grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system comprises a photovoltaic array and a grid-connected inverter, wherein the grid-connected inverter is a core device of the photovoltaic power generation system. Because the current and the voltage output by the photovoltaic array have strong nonlinearity, and because the conditions of the light intensity, the ambient temperature and the like of the environment where the photovoltaic array is positioned are continuously changed, the grid-connected inverter not only has the function of converting the continuously changed direct current into stable alternating current, but also has the function of complex Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm and synchronous grid-connected algorithm. In order to facilitate the development of complex control algorithms of grid-connected inverters by scientific research institutions and the teaching experiment research demand and popularization of the principle of the high-school grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, some companies push out experiment and practical training platforms of various photovoltaic power generation systems, but the platform has the following defects: the price is very expensive, the output voltage is 220V or 380V, and the non-electric colleges and universities and non-electric professionals cannot bear expensive economic burden and experiment safety requirements of the non-electric students.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an economic and safe teaching experiment device for a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, and overcomes the defects that various practical training platforms used for teaching experiments of the photovoltaic power generation system at present are complex in structure, high in price and poor in safety, and cannot be widely popularized in practical teaching experiments and scientific researches.
The invention adopts the following technical proposal to realize the aim. The teaching experiment device of the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system comprises a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system and an alternating current power grid simulation system, wherein the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system comprises a low-power photovoltaic array and a grid-connected photovoltaic inverter, and the low-power photovoltaic array is connected with the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter through a DC BUS (direct current BUS); the alternating current power grid simulation system consists of a variable frequency speed regulator, a GCU (excitation regulator), an automobile generator and an alternating current load device, wherein the automobile generator is connected with the variable frequency speed regulator and the GCU and is respectively connected with the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter and the alternating current load device through an AC BUS (alternating current BUS).
Further, the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter comprises a direct-current boosting DCDC, a decoupling capacitor, a three-phase inverter bridge, an alternating-current filter, a DCPWM driving circuit, an AC/DCPWM driving circuit and an MCU (Central control Unit); the low-power photovoltaic array 11 is sequentially connected with a direct-current boosting DCDC, a decoupling capacitor, a three-phase inverter bridge and an alternating-current filter through a voltage sensor and a current sensor at an input end respectively; the alternating current filter is connected with the voltage sensor and the current sensor at the output end; the voltage sensor and the current sensor at the input end are connected with the MCU through the input voltage and current detection device, and the voltage sensor and the current sensor at the output end are connected with the MCU through the output voltage and current detection device; PWM port I in MCU is connected with DC boost DCDC through DCPWM driving circuit; PWM port II in MCU connects three-phase inverter bridge through AC/DCPWM driving circuit; the IPC is connected with the MCU through an RS485 port.
The variable-frequency speed regulator drives and controls the speed of the generator, so that the generator generates 50Hz alternating current to simulate the frequency of an actual power grid; the GCU is mainly used for controlling excitation of an automobile generator, and aims to control voltage amplitude of three-phase power output by the automobile generator, and the automobile generator generates three-phase alternating current with the phase voltage of 22V and the frequency of 50Hz under the common control of the driving of the variable-frequency speed regulator and the GCU so as to simulate a three-phase alternating current power grid with the actual phase voltage of 220V and the frequency of 50Hz.
The invention solves the problems of complex structure, high price, poor safety and the like of the traditional grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system teaching experiment platform and the practical training platform, utilizes the TMS320LF2407 chip with high precision and low cost as a central controller, can complete the complex MPPT control algorithm, the sine pulse width modulation pulse generation algorithm, the synchronous grid-connected control algorithm and the like, and can completely simulate the power generation control algorithm verification and test performance requirements of the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system under different running conditions. And verifying and testing the running states and control algorithms of the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system under different environmental conditions through reduction and simulation, so that a platform and a basis are provided for optimal control of the photovoltaic power generation system, MPPT tracking and reliability analysis teaching experiment research. The grid-connected photovoltaic power generation teaching experiment device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the investment is about fifteen times of the research and development cost of the traditional grid-connected photovoltaic experiment platform and the practical training platform, the operation cost is low, the device is safe and reliable, and the requirements of universities and scientific research institutions on the economy and safety of the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation teaching experiment are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for grid-tied photovoltaic inverters 12 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the teaching experiment device for the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system comprises a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system 1 and an alternating current power grid simulation system 2, and is characterized in that: the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system 1 comprises a low-power photovoltaic array (solar panel) 11 and a grid-connected photovoltaic inverter 12, the low-power photovoltaic array (solar panel) 11 is connected with the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter 12 through a DC BUS (direct current BUS), and the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter 12 outputs 0-34V direct current voltage output by the photovoltaic array under the control of an MCU 111, and outputs 22V three-phase alternating current through a DC boosting DCDC102, a decoupling capacitor 103, a three-phase inverter bridge 104 and an alternating current filter 105, so that the inversion function of photovoltaic power generation is realized; the alternating current power grid simulation system 2 consists of a variable frequency speed regulator 21, a GCU (excitation regulator) 23, an automobile generator 22 and an alternating current load device 24, wherein the automobile generator 22 is connected with the variable frequency speed regulator 21 and the GCU 23, and the automobile generator 22 is respectively connected with the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter 12 and the alternating current load device 24 through an AC BUS (alternating current BUS); the variable-frequency speed regulator 21 drives and controls the speed of the generator, so that the generator can generate 50Hz alternating current to simulate the frequency of an actual power grid; the GCU 23 is mainly used for controlling excitation of an automobile generator, and aims to control voltage amplitude of three-phase power output by the automobile generator, and the automobile generator 22 generates three-phase alternating current with the phase voltage of 22V and the frequency of 50Hz under the common control of the driving of the variable-frequency speed regulator 21 and the GCU 23 so as to simulate a three-phase alternating current power grid with the actual phase voltage of 220V and the frequency of 50 Hz;
the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter 12 (as shown in fig. 2) includes a dc boost DCDC102, a decoupling capacitor 103, a three-phase inverter bridge 104, an AC filter 105, a DCPWM driving circuit 108, an AC/DCPWM driving circuit 109, and an MCU (TMS 320LF2407 central controller) 111; the low-power photovoltaic array (solar panel) 11 is respectively connected with a direct-current boosting DCDC102, a decoupling capacitor 103, a three-phase inverter bridge 104 and an alternating-current filter 105 through a voltage sensor 101 and a current sensor 100 at input ends in sequence; the ac filter 105 is connected to the voltage sensor 101 and the current sensor 100 at the output end; the voltage sensor 101 and the current sensor 100 at the input end are connected with the MCU 111 through the input voltage and current detection device 106, and the voltage sensor 101 and the current sensor 100 at the output end are connected with the MCU 111 through the output voltage and current detection device 107; PWM port I in MCU 111 connects DC boost DCDC102 through DCPWM driving circuit 108; PWM port II in MCU 111 connects three-phase inverter bridge 104 through AC/DCPWM driving circuit 109; the IPC110 (background monitoring computer) is connected to the MCU 111 through the RS485 port. The background monitoring computer IPC110 is provided with grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system monitoring software V2.1 developed by VB6.0, and the software is responsible for displaying the real-time operation parameters of the photovoltaic power generation system transmitted by the MCU 111 through the RS485 port, such as: grid-connected current, voltage, frequency, active power, reactive power and other various operation parameters.
The direct current boosting DCDC102 boosts and stabilizes the direct current voltage which is output by the low-power photovoltaic array 11 and is changed from 0V to 34V into 36V direct current voltage; the decoupling capacitor 103 is used for decoupling direct current and alternating current voltage, so that alternating current and direct current control is facilitated; the three-phase inverter bridge 104 inverts the direct-current voltage into the required three-phase alternating current; the ac filter 105 implements an ac filtering function, and filters ac other than power frequency output by the three-phase inverter bridge 104; the input and output voltage sensor 101 and the input and direct current boost DCDC102 sample parameters of the input alternating voltage and current and the output direct current voltage and current respectively, and send the parameters to the MCU (TMS 320LF2407 central controller) 111 to realize real-time control; the DCPWM driving circuit 108 and the DC/ACPWM driving circuit 109 amplify the output signal of the MCU 111 and then respectively control the DC boost DCDC102 and the three-phase inverter bridge 104; the MCU 111 implements a high performance complex control algorithm. The specific circuit connection is as follows: the direct current voltage which is output by the low-power photovoltaic array 11 and is changed from 0V to 34V is used as the DC (direct current) input voltage of the grid-connected inverter, the direct current input voltage is directly connected with the direct current boosting DCDC102, and meanwhile, the direct current input voltage is also connected with the voltage sensor 101 and the direct current boosting DCDC102, so that the input direct current voltage and the current are measured; the direct-current boosting DCDC102 is also connected with the DCPWM driving circuit 108 and the decoupling capacitor 103, the direct-current boosting DCDC102 outputs direct-current voltage of about 36V under the control of the DCPWM driving circuit 108, the voltage is stabilized by the decoupling capacitor 103 and then is connected to the three-phase inverter bridge 104, the three-phase inverter bridge 104 is also connected with the DC/ACPWM driving circuit 109, the three-phase inverter bridge 104 outputs relatively stable three-phase alternating-current voltage under the control of the DC/ACPWM driving circuit 109, the three-phase inverter bridge 104 output is connected to the alternating-current filter 105, the stable three-phase sine wave voltage with the standard 50Hz is output after the filtering, and the background monitoring computer IPC110 is connected with the MCU (TMS 320LF 2407) 111 central controller through an RS485 port to realize real-time communication, record and display various control parameters.
In order to effectively realize the economy, reliability and safety of a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, the device adopts a low-cost low-power photovoltaic array 11 as input, both a direct-current boosting DCDC102 and a three-phase inverter bridge 104 adopt low-power consumption and low-price high-frequency MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tubes, and an MCU (TMS 320LF 2407) 111 central processing unit adopts a TMS320LF2407 chip of a low-cost TI company; the simulation power grid of the alternating current power grid simulation system 2 is a three-phase 21V alternating current power grid which is formed by reforming a low-cost automobile generator, and the frequency is 50Hz. The teaching experiment device provided by the invention has higher static precision and good dynamic characteristics, can completely realize various control algorithms and principles of intelligent control of the photovoltaic power generation system, also considers the personal safety of student experiments and the safety of equipment, and provides necessary test means and a corresponding low-cost hardware experiment device for teaching experiment research and development of high-performance photovoltaic power generation optimization control algorithms.
The low-power photovoltaic array (solar panel) 11 is used as a direct current power supply of a photovoltaic power generation system, the output voltage and current of the low-power photovoltaic array change along with the change of light intensity and ambient temperature, and the output voltage range of the low-power photovoltaic array is 0-34V; the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter 12 consists of a direct-current boosting DCDC102, a decoupling capacitor 103, a three-phase inverter bridge 104 and an alternating-current filter 105, wherein the direct-current boosting DCDC102 boosts a variable direct-current voltage of 0-34V output by a low-power photovoltaic array 11 to a stable 36V direct current under the control of a pulse width modulation signal with the frequency of 10KHz generated by a PID control algorithm integrated in TMS320LF2407, and then supplies the direct-current voltage to the alternating-current filter 105 for inversion after passing through the decoupling capacitor, and the stage simultaneously realizes Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT); the function of the ac filter 105 is to convert the stable 36V DC into a three-phase sinusoidal ac with a phase voltage of 22V, specifically, the implementation process is that the central processor TMS320LF2407 tracks the voltage of the DC bus and the frequency of the power grid in real time, and then generates six paths of pulse width modulation signals with corresponding duty ratios according to the sinusoidal pulse width modulation control algorithm established in the TMS320LF2407, the ac filter 105 is driven after passing through the pulse DC/acwm driving circuit 109, and the three-phase inverter bridge 104 outputs a three-phase sinusoidal current synchronized with the analog power grid after passing through the ac filter 105. The 0-34VDC generated from the small power photovoltaic array 11 is used as an input to the final relatively stable three-phase ac output, and the overall power conversion circuit and control circuit hardware architecture is simple, economical and reliable.
The MCU (TMS 320LF 2407) 111 central controller in the experimental device is used for completing detection and conversion of output alternating voltage, current and input direct voltage, detecting and calculating input power of the low-power photovoltaic array 11 and grid-connected output power in real time, carrying out intelligent fuzzy operation on errors and error change rates through a fuzzy PID control algorithm according to a maximum power point algorithm (MPPT) model and a sine pulse width modulation algorithm model built in the MCU (TMS 320LF 2407) 111 central controller, carrying out real-time computation on the duty ratio of PWM, amplifying an output control signal with the corresponding duty ratio through a DCPWM driving circuit 108 and a DC/ACPWM driving circuit 109, and then respectively driving a DC boosting DCDC102 and a three-phase inverter bridge 104 to enable the three-phase inverter bridge 104 to output high-quality three-phase sine wave current, and meanwhile realizing maximum power point tracking, wherein the specific circuit structure is as shown in figure 2.
Claims (2)
1. The teaching experiment device of the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system comprises a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system and an alternating current power grid simulation system, and is characterized in that the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system comprises a low-power photovoltaic array and a grid-connected photovoltaic inverter, the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter comprises a direct current boosting DCDC, a decoupling capacitor, a three-phase inverter bridge, an alternating current filter, a DCPWM driving circuit, an AC/DCPWM driving circuit and an MCU, and the low-power photovoltaic array is connected with the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter through a DC BUS; the alternating current power grid simulation system consists of a variable frequency speed regulator, a GCU, an automobile generator and an alternating current load device, wherein the automobile generator is connected with the variable frequency speed regulator and the GCU and is respectively connected with the grid-connected photovoltaic inverter and the alternating current load device through an AC BUS;
the direct current boosting DCDC boosts and stabilizes the direct current voltage which is output by the low-power photovoltaic array and changes from 0V to 34V into 36V direct current voltage; the decoupling capacitor is used for decoupling direct current and alternating current voltage; the three-phase inversion bridge inverts direct-current voltage into needed three-phase alternating current; the alternating current filter realizes an alternating current filtering function and filters alternating current which is output by the three-phase inverter bridge and is beyond power frequency; the low-power photovoltaic array is sequentially connected with a direct-current boosting DCDC, a decoupling capacitor, a three-phase inverter bridge and an alternating-current filter through a voltage sensor and a current sensor at an input end respectively; the alternating current filter is connected with the voltage sensor and the current sensor at the output end; the voltage sensor and the current sensor of the input end are connected with the MCU through an input voltage and current detection device; the voltage sensor and the current sensor at the output end are connected with the MCU through an output voltage and current detection device; the voltage sensor at the input end, the voltage sensor at the output end, the current sensor at the input end and the current sensor at the output end respectively sample parameters of input alternating voltage current and output direct voltage current and send the parameters to the MCU to realize real-time control; the DCPWM driving circuit and the DC/ACPWM driving circuit amplify MCU output signals and then respectively control direct current boosting DCDC and a three-phase inverter bridge; the MCU realizes a high-performance complex control algorithm; the direct-current voltage which is output by the low-power photovoltaic array and is changed by 0-34V is used as the DC input voltage of the grid-connected inverter, the direct-current voltage is directly connected with the direct-current boosting DCDC, and meanwhile, the direct-current voltage is also connected with the voltage sensor and the current sensor, and the input direct-current voltage and the current are measured; the DC boost DCDC is also connected with the DCPWM driving circuit and the decoupling capacitor, the DC boost DCDC outputs DC voltage of 36V under the control of the DCPWM driving circuit, the voltage is stabilized by the decoupling capacitor and then is connected to the three-phase inverter bridge, the three-phase inverter bridge is also connected with the DC/ACPWM driving circuit, the three-phase inverter bridge outputs stable three-phase alternating voltage under the control of the DC/ACPWM driving circuit, the three-phase inverter bridge output is connected to the alternating current filter, the stable three-phase sine wave voltage of standard 50Hz is output after the filtering, and the background monitoring computer IPC is connected with the MCU central controller through the RS485 port to realize real-time communication, record and display various control parameters.
2. The teaching experiment device of the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein a PWM port I in the MCU is connected with a direct current boosting DCDC through a DCPWM driving circuit; PWM port II in MCU connects three-phase inverter bridge through AC/DCPWM driving circuit; the IPC is connected with the MCU through an RS485 port.
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