CN106951714B - Visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface location method and teaching mode - Google Patents
Visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface location method and teaching mode Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 210000000591 tricuspid valve Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 210000003102 pulmonary valve Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000002555 auscultation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 210000003709 heart valve Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 74
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- 208000035211 Heart Murmurs Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface location method and teaching modes, it is characterized by comprising the following contents: 1) carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction by the computed tomography data to normal type adult male thoracic cavity and heart, foundation meets each valve spatial position of heart of Chinese's anatomical features and towards angle-data library, and obtains the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart；2) according to the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart, computer simulation is carried out to auscultatory valve areas body surface projection based on 3D-MAX software, positions heart valve spatial position and each auscultatory valve areas body surface symbol；3) teaching demonstration is carried out according to determining each auscultatory valve areas position.Teaching mode of the invention includes thorax model, Mitral, tricuspid valve model, aortic valve model, pulmonary valve model, rib cage model and each area of auscultation flag model.The present invention is widely used in the space orientation and positioning area of auscultation teaching of each valve of heart of physical diagnostics.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface location method and teaching modes, are related to medical religion
Learn technical field.
Background technique
The auscultation of each auscultatory valve areas of heart is the emphasis of physical diagnostics teaching.Due to heart valve area of auscultation and valve
Real anatomy position it is not quite identical, and valvular real space position and angle can not look at straight, therefore heart is listened
It examines, it is the difficult point of medical educational that the auscultation of especially heart murmur is the most hard to understand, therefore urgently more intuitive and scientific and effective
Teaching method appearance.
With the development of medico physics and computer technology, computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional reconstruction are to survey
It measures real space positioning and angle of the heart valve in thoracic cavity and provides possibility；3D-MAX software can use known valve
The data of positioning and angle, the conduction orientation and route of virtual acoustic (blood flow), the final body surface projection for establishing heart sound conduction are fixed
Position — that is, heart valve area of auscultation position, on the one hand provide objective evidence, another party for traditional heart valve area of auscultation position
Basis of the face as exploitation heart valve auscultation teaching aid or teaching software, provides Primary Stage Data for it and supports.Based on this, it is intended to logical
CT and three-dimensional reconstruction combination 3D-MAX technology are crossed, valvular spatial position is positioned, and is heart valve area of auscultation
The positioning of body surface symbol provides intuitive foundation, with the valvular space orientation of the understanding for helping student more visual in image and its
Body surface area of auscultation is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface location method and
Teaching mode can be observed intuitively from different perspectives and understand heart valve space orientation and its area of auscultation body surface location.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface is fixed
Position method, it is characterised in that including the following contents: 1) measuring different human body physique and corresponding position of valve parameter respectively, establishes
Meet each valve spatial position of heart of Chinese's anatomical features and towards angle-data library, and obtains each position of valve ginseng of heart
Several mean values；2) according to the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart, based on 3D-MAX software to auscultatory valve areas body surface projection into
Row computer simulation positions heart valve spatial position and each auscultatory valve areas body surface symbol；3) it is listened according to determining each valve
It examines zone position and carries out teaching demonstration.
Further, described 1) establish meets each valve spatial position of heart of Chinese's anatomical features and towards angle number
It according to library, and obtains the detailed process of the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart are as follows: 1.1) measure thorax: V intercostal level being taken to survey
Thorax anteroposterior diameter distance and left and right diameter distance are measured, anteroposterior diameter distance average is 25.4 ± 4.9cm, and left and right diameter distance average is
32.7±3.9cm；1.2) three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to heart and thorax according to the tomoscan image of human chest, determines heart valve
Film spatial position；1.3) determine heart valve space angle: determined in tomoscan image each annulus in the horizontal plane with arrow
Angle, that is, angle I of shape axis；Determined on Three-dimension Reconstruction Model each annulus in sagittal plane with angle, that is, angle II of vertical axis；
1.4) determination flow through valve blood flow direction: in tomoscan image determine flow through each valve blood flow in the horizontal plane with sagittal axis
Angle, that is, angle III；Determined on Three-dimension Reconstruction Model each annulus in sagittal plane with angle, that is, angle IV of vertical axis；
1.5) determine the apex of the heart away from median line distance: measured on the coronal-plane of Three-dimension Reconstruction Model the apex of the heart away from median line distance for 6.3 ±
0.9cm；1.6) all normal Chinese adult human body physique and position of valve parameter of measurement are counted, obtains meeting China
Each valve spatial position of the heart of people's anatomical features and towards angle-data library, and position of valve each in database parameter is distinguished
Average value processing is carried out, the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart is obtained.
It is further, described that three-dimensional reconstruction 1.2) is carried out to heart and thorax according to the tomoscan image of human chest,
Determine valve spatial position, detailed process are as follows: it gets the bid in human chest tomoscan image and remembers the central point of each annulus of heart, with
This point represents valve central point, measures valve central point respectively in the horizontal plane using 1:1 scale at a distance from preceding chest wall cutaneous
That is X value and the i.e. Y value at a distance from median sagittal line；Three-dimensional Gravity is carried out to tomoscan image using computer image processing technology
It builds, obtains the Three-dimension Reconstruction Model of heart and thorax；The intercostal where the central point of each valve is determined on Three-dimension Reconstruction Model
Positioning and the distance apart from thoracic outlet, that is, Z value, wherein bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve averagely correspond to V rib cage level, aorta petal
And averagely corresponding IIIth intercostal of pulmonary valve is horizontal.
Further, the step 2) is based on 3D-MAX software to valve according to the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart
Area of auscultation body surface projection carries out computer simulation, positions heart valve spatial position and each auscultatory valve areas body surface symbol, specifically
Process are as follows: 2.1) establish thorax model: with V intercostal thorax anteroposterior diameter average value and left and right diameter average value building thorax ellipse
Bottom surface；The distance exported using nearest sufficient end valve, that is, tricuspid valve apart from breastbone establishes thorax model as thorax height；2.2) it constructs
Valve spatial position: X value is extended as bicuspid valve altitude location, to be two points apart from thorax antetheca Y value to sufficient end using thoracic outlet
Valve is positioned using positioning as bicuspid valve apart from middle line apart from median line Z value according to above three data apart from preceding wall of the chest Distance positioning
Bicuspid valve central point spatial position, it is empty successively to position tricuspid valve, aorta petal and pulmonary valve valve central point respectively for method according to this
Between position；2.3) construct valve space angle: with angle I be bicuspid valve in the horizontal plane with the angle of sagittal axis, with angle II
For bicuspid valve with the angle of vertical axis in sagittal plane, simulating the disc that diameter is 3cm is mitral annulus, constructs bicuspid valve
In thorax towards angle, successively construct the space angle of tricuspid valve, aorta petal and pulmonary valve valve according to this；2.4) structure
Build and flow through valve blood flow direction: with angle III be flow through aortic blood flow in the horizontal plane with the angle of sagittal axis, with angle IV
For flow through aortic blood flow in sagittal plane with the angle of vertical axis, building flow through direction of the aortic blood flow in thorax, according to
This successively constructs the direction for flowing through tricuspid valve, aorta petal and pulmonary valve valve blood flow；2.5) rib cage model is constructed: with two points
Rib before valve and the corresponding horizontal building V rib of tricuspid valve, it is horizontal with pulmonary valve and aorta petal the IIIth intercostal of corresponding horizontal building,
The II, the III, IV rib are constructed according to the position of the IIIth intercostal and V rib；2.6) position of auscultatory valve areas: bicuspid valve auscultation is determined
Position is set at the left border of sternum V intercostal apex of the heart, and it is breastbone lower end left side, the auscultation of aorta petal the 1st that tricuspid valve, which auscultates zone position,
Area is the IIth intercostal of right border of sternum, the 2nd area of auscultation of aorta petal is III intercostal of left border of sternum and pulmonary valve auscultation area is breastbone
The IIth intercostal of left border.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface religion
Learn model, which is characterized in that the teaching mode include thorax model, Mitral, tricuspid valve model, aortic valve model,
Pulmonary valve model, rib cage model and each area of auscultation flag model；The thorax ellipse bottom surface of the thorax model is V intercostal
The anteroposterior diameter 25.4cm of thorax, the thorax ellipse bottom surface of the thorax model are the left and right diameter 32.7cm of V intercostal thorax, institute
State the distance 17.97cm that the height of thorax model exports for nearest sufficient end tricuspid valve apart from breastbone；The Mitral includes
The direction of bicuspid valve spatial position, mitral valve space angle and aortic blood flow in thorax；The bicuspid valve space bit
It sets and 17.89cm is extended as bicuspid valve height, to be bicuspid valve before apart from thorax antetheca 10.45cm to sufficient end using thoracic outlet
Wall of the chest distance, to be bicuspid valve apart from middle line apart from median line 2.12cm；The bicuspid valve space angle includes bicuspid valve in water
In plane with 50.5 ° of the angle of sagittal axis, bicuspid valve in sagittal plane with 34.5 ° of the angle of vertical axis, the mould of mitral annulus
The disc that quasi- diameter is 3cm；The aortic blood flow in thorax direction include flow through aortic blood flow in the horizontal plane with
30.7 ° of the angle of sagittal axis and flow through aortic blood flow in sagittal plane with 62.8 ° of the angle of vertical axis；The tricuspid petal
Type includes the direction of tricuspid valve spatial position, tricuspid valve space angle and tricuspid valve blood flow in thorax；The tricuspid valve
Spatial position using thoracic outlet to sufficient end extend 17.97cm as tricuspid valve height, using apart from thorax antetheca 7.51cm as tricuspid valve
Apart from preceding wall of the chest distance, to be tricuspid valve apart from middle line apart from median line -0.92cm；The tricuspid valve space angle includes tricuspid
Valve in the horizontal plane with 46.0 ° of the angle of sagittal axis, tricuspid valve in sagittal plane with 30.6 ° of the angle of vertical axis, tricuspid valve valve
The disc that the simulation diameter of ring is 3cm；Direction of the tricuspid valve blood flow in thorax includes flowing through tricuspid valve blood flow in water
In plane with 30.4 ° of the angle of sagittal axis and flow through aortic blood flow in sagittal plane with 70.3 ° of the angle of vertical axis；It is described
Aortic valve model includes the direction of active valve spatial position, active valve space angle and active valve blood flow in thorax；Institute
It states aorta spatial position and 12.01cm is extended as aorta petal height, apart from thorax antetheca to sufficient end using thoracic outlet
8.24cm is aorta petal apart from preceding wall of the chest distance, to be aorta petal apart from middle line apart from median line 0.76cm；The active
Arteries and veins valve space angle includes that aorta petal is in the horizontal plane 17.5 ° with the angle of sagittal axis, and the aorta petal is in sagittal plane
The disc that upper and vertical axis 73.6 ° of angle and the simulation diameter of aorta petal annulus are 3cm；The aorta petal blood flow exists
Direction in thorax include flow through aorta petal blood flow in the horizontal plane with 29.0 ° of the angle of sagittal axis and flow through bicuspid valve blood
Stream in sagittal plane with 48.8 ° of the angle of vertical axis；The pulmonary valve model includes lung moving vane spatial position, lung moving vane film sky
Between the direction of angle and lung moving vane blood flow in thorax；The pulmonary artery spatial position is extended with thoracic outlet to sufficient end
12.26cm is pulmonary valve height, to be pulmonary valve apart from preceding wall of the chest distance apart from thorax antetheca 4.97cm, with distance center
Line 2.04cm is pulmonary valve apart from middle line；The pulmonary valve space angle include pulmonary valve in the horizontal plane with sagittal axis
84.2 ° of angle, pulmonary valve in sagittal plane with 79.8 ° of the angle of vertical axis, the simulation diameter of pulmonary valve annulus is 3cm
Disc；Direction of the pulmonary valve blood flow in thorax include flow through pulmonary valve blood flow in the horizontal plane with sagittal axis
24.5 ° of angle and flow through aortic blood flow in sagittal plane with 29.8 ° of the angle of vertical axis；The rib cage model includes with two
Rib before cusp and the V rib of the corresponding horizontal building of tricuspid valve, with the IIIth rib of the corresponding horizontal building of pulmonary valve and aorta petal
Between it is horizontal, with the IIIth intercostal and V rib position construct the II, the III, IV rib；Each area of auscultation flag model: bicuspid valve is listened
Examine position be set at the left border of sternum V intercostal apex of the heart, tricuspid valve auscultation zone position be breastbone lower end on the left of, the 1st tin of aorta petal
Examine that area is the IIth intercostal of right border of sternum, the 2nd area of auscultation of aorta petal is III intercostal of left border of sternum and pulmonary valve auscultation area is chest
The IIth intercostal of bone left border.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, which has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is by growing up to normal type
The computed tomography data of male thoracic cavity and heart carries out three-dimensional reconstruction, and the heart that foundation meets Chinese's anatomical features is each
Valve spatial position and towards angle-data library.2, the present invention establishes normal data based on Chinese's real anatomy data
Library makes simulated heart valve space orientation and area of auscultation body surface location really close to the clinical practice feelings of Chinese's feature
Condition.3, the present invention passes through CT and three-dimensional reconstruction and combines the valvular space of 3D-MAX technological orientation, therefore thoracic cavity, valve
Film and the simulation blood flow direction for flowing through valve are transparent effect, can imparted knowledge to students by mouse from unspecified angle rotational view
Process can make student intuitively understand the selection reason of valvular space orientation and its area of auscultation, quickly and accurately slap
Hold the auscultation content of heart murmur.4, the present invention is each by measuring heart using CT and three-dimensional reconstruction to normal adult male
Valve space orientation, and then building model is calculated using 3D-MAX, blood flow tangential direction is simulated, positioning heart valve area of auscultation
Body surface symbol provides intuitive visual teaching for heart physical examination.The heart that the present invention can be widely used in physical diagnostics is each
In the space orientation of valve and the teaching of positioning area of auscultation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is 3D simulation heart valve space orientation established by the present invention and area of auscultation effect front schematic view；
Fig. 2 is the left side schematic diagram of 3D simulation heart valve space orientation established by the present invention and area of auscultation；
Fig. 3 is the sufficient face schematic diagram of 3D simulation heart valve space orientation established by the present invention and area of auscultation, above-mentioned each
In figure, arrow is blood flow or its tangential direction.
Specific embodiment
Come to carry out detailed description to the present invention below in conjunction with attached drawing.It should be appreciated, however, that attached drawing has been provided only more
Understand the present invention well, they should not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface location method provided by the invention, including the following contents:
1, different human body physique and corresponding position of valve parameter are measured respectively, establish the heart for meeting Chinese's anatomical features
Dirty each valve spatial position and towards angle-data library, only with Chinese adult male's physique of normal type in the embodiment of the present invention
And position of valve carries out parameter testing, but not limited to this, detailed process are as follows:
1.1) thorax is measured:
V intercostal horizontal measurement thorax anteroposterior diameter distance (skin to skin) and left and right diameter distance (skin to skin) are taken,
Anteroposterior diameter distance average is 25.4 ± 4.9cm, and left and right diameter distance average is 32.7 ± 3.9cm.
1.2) three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to heart and thorax according to the tomoscan image of human chest, determines valve space bit
It sets, the tomoscan image used in the present embodiment is without being limited thereto as example for 64 row's spiral CT images.
It gets the bid in human chest tomoscan image and remembers the central point of each annulus of heart, put with this and represent valve central point.
Using 1:1 scale in the horizontal plane respectively measurement valve central point at a distance from preceding chest wall cutaneous (X value) and with median sagittal line
Distance (Y value)；
Three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to 64 row's spiral CT images using computer image processing technology, obtains the three of heart and thorax
Tie up reconstruction model；
Intercostal where determining the central point of each valve on Three-dimension Reconstruction Model positions and the distance apart from thoracic outlet
(Z value), wherein see Table 1 for details for X value, Y value and the specific data of Z value.Wherein, bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve averagely correspond to V rib cage water
Flat, aorta petal and averagely corresponding IIIth intercostal of pulmonary valve are horizontal.
1.3) valve space angle is determined:
Determined in tomoscan image each annulus in the horizontal plane with the angle of sagittal axis (angle I)；
Determined on Three-dimension Reconstruction Model each annulus in sagittal plane with the angle of vertical axis (angle II), angle I and angle
Spending II specific data, see Table 1 for details.
1.4) determination flows through valve blood flow direction:
In tomoscan image determine flow through each valve blood flow in the horizontal plane with the angle of sagittal axis (angle III)；
Determined on Three-dimension Reconstruction Model each annulus in sagittal plane with the angle of vertical axis (angle IV), angle III and angle
Spending IV specific data, see Table 1 for details.
1.5) determine the apex of the heart away from median line distance:
It is 6.3 ± 0.9cm that the apex of the heart is measured on the coronal-plane of Three-dimension Reconstruction Model away from median line distance.
1.6) the normal Chinese adult male human body physique and position of valve parameter of all measurements are counted, is accorded with
It closes each valve spatial position of heart of Chinese's anatomical features and joins towards angle-data library, and by position of valve each in database
Number carries out average value processing respectively, obtains the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart.
2, according to the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart, auscultatory valve areas body surface projection is carried out based on 3D-MAX software
Computer simulation obtains heart valve space orientation and auscultatory valve areas body surface symbol, detailed process are as follows:
2.1) thorax model is established:
With V intercostal thorax anteroposterior diameter average value (25.4cm) and left and right diameter average value (32.7cm) building thorax ellipse
Bottom surface；The distance (Z value) (17.97cm) exported with nearest sufficient end valve (tricuspid valve) apart from breastbone establishes chest for thorax height
Wide model.
2.2) valve spatial position is constructed:
Mitral spatial position according to table 1 extends 17.89cm (Z value) to sufficient end with thoracic outlet as bicuspid valve
Altitude location, to be bicuspid valve apart from preceding wall of the chest Distance positioning apart from thorax antetheca 10.45cm (X value), apart from median line
2.12cm (Y value) is that bicuspid valve is positioned apart from middle line, positions bicuspid valve central point spatial position according to above three data, according to this
Method successively positions tricuspid valve, aorta petal and pulmonary valve valve central point spatial position respectively.
2.3) valve space angle is constructed:
According to bicuspid valve space angle shown in table 1,50.5 ° of (angle I) bicuspid valve in the horizontal plane with the angle of sagittal axis；
With 34.5 ° (angles II) be bicuspid valve in sagittal plane with the angle of vertical axis, simulate diameter be 3cm disc be bicuspid valve
Annulus, construct bicuspid valve in thorax towards angle, according to this successively construct tricuspid valve, aorta petal and pulmonary valve valve
Space angle.
2.4) building flows through valve blood flow direction:
The direction of aortic blood flow is flowed through according to table 1, is to flow through aortic blood flow in level with 30.7 ° (angles III)
On face with the angle of sagittal axis；With 62.8 ° (angles IV) be flow through aortic blood flow in sagittal plane with the angle of vertical axis, structure
The direction for flowing through aortic blood flow in thorax is built, successively building flows through tricuspid valve, aorta petal and pulmonary valve valve according to this
The direction of blood flow.
2.5) rib cage model is constructed:
According to the measurement data in table 1, with rib before the corresponding horizontal building V rib of bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve, with pulmonary valve
And aorta petal the IIIth intercostal of corresponding horizontal building is horizontal, according to the position of the IIIth intercostal and V rib, constructs the II, the III, IV
Rib.
2.6) position of auscultatory valve areas is determined:
According to auscultatory valve areas sites described in People's Health Publisher " diagnostics (the 8th edition) ", respectively in institute
It constructs and constructs auscultatory mitral area position in model, it may be assumed that at the left border of sternum V intercostal apex of the heart (6.3cm), tricuspid valve auscultates position
It sets on the left of i.e. breastbone lower end, the 1st area of auscultation of aorta petal i.e. the IIth intercostal of right border of sternum, the 2nd area of auscultation of aorta petal i.e. breastbone
The IIth intercostal of III intercostal of left border and pulmonary valve auscultation area, that is, left border of sternum.
3, teaching process is enabled to make student straight for carrying out teaching demonstration according to determining each auscultatory valve areas position
The valvular space orientation of understanding of sight and its selection reason of area of auscultation, quickly and accurately grasp the auscultation of heart murmur
Content.
It as shown in Figures 1 to 3, can be by positioning spatial position and court of each valve in thorax after completing model construction
To, heart valve space orientation and auscultatory valve areas body surface symbol are verified, it is verified to use visible heart of the present invention
Auscultatory valve areas body surface location method can quickly, accurately complete valvular space orientation, and being capable of accurate understanding auscultation
The selection reason in area.The present invention is fixed by measuring each valve space of heart using CT three-dimensional reconstruction to normal adult male
Position, and then building model is calculated using 3D-MAX, blood flow tangential direction is simulated, the body surface symbol of heart valve area of auscultation is positioned,
Intuitive visual teaching is provided for heart physical examination teaching.
The valvular space orientation of adult male of 1 normal type of table, angle and flow through valve blood flow direction
Infuse *: the Y value on the left of median sagittal line is defined as " just ", and the Y value on right side is defined as " bearing ".
Based on above-mentioned visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface location method, the present invention also provides a kind of visible hearts
Auscultatory valve areas body surface teaching mode, including thorax model, Mitral, tricuspid valve model, aortic valve model, pulmonary artery
Petal type, rib cage model and each area of auscultation flag model.
Wherein, the thorax ellipse bottom surface of thorax model is anteroposterior diameter average value 25.4cm and the left and right of V intercostal thorax
Diameter average value (32.7cm)；Thorax height is the distance (Z value) exported with nearest sufficient end valve (tricuspid valve) apart from breastbone
(17.97cm)；
Mitral includes bicuspid valve spatial position, mitral valve space angle and aortic blood flow in thorax
Direction；Bicuspid valve spatial position extends 17.89cm (Z value) for bicuspid valve height, before thorax to sufficient end with thoracic outlet
Wall 10.45cm (X value) is bicuspid valve apart from preceding wall of the chest distance, to be bicuspid valve apart from middle line apart from median line 2.12cm (Y value)；
Bicuspid valve space angle includes that bicuspid valve is 50.5 ° (angles I) with the angle of sagittal axis in the horizontal plane；Bicuspid valve is in sagittal plane
Upper and vertical axis angle is 34.5 ° (angles II), the disc that the simulation diameter of mitral annulus is 3cm；Aortic blood flow
Direction in thorax: flow through aortic blood flow in the horizontal plane with 30.7 ° of the angle of sagittal axis (angle III)；Think and flows through two
Cusp blood flow in sagittal plane with 62.8 ° of the angle of vertical axis (angle IV).
Tricuspid valve model includes tricuspid valve spatial position, tricuspid valve space angle and tricuspid valve blood flow in thorax
Direction；Tricuspid valve spatial position extends 17.97cm (Z value) for tricuspid valve height, before thorax to sufficient end with thoracic outlet
Wall 7.51cm (X value) is tricuspid valve apart from preceding wall of the chest distance, to be tricuspid valve apart from middle line apart from median line -0.92cm (Y value)；
Tricuspid valve space angle: tricuspid valve in the horizontal plane with 46.0 ° of the angle of sagittal axis (angle I)；Tricuspid valve in sagittal plane with
30.6 ° of angle (angle II) of vertical axis, the disc that the simulation diameter of Tricuspid annulus is 3cm；Tricuspid valve blood flow is in thorax
In direction: flow through tricuspid valve blood flow in the horizontal plane with 30.4 ° of the angle of sagittal axis (angle III)；Think and flows through bicuspid valve blood
Stream in sagittal plane with 70.3 ° of the angle of vertical axis (angle IV).
Aortic valve model includes active valve spatial position, active valve space angle and active valve blood flow in thorax
Direction；Aorta spatial position extends 12.01cm (Z value) for aorta petal height, apart from thorax to sufficient end with thoracic outlet
Antetheca 8.24cm (X value) is aorta petal apart from preceding wall of the chest distance, with apart from median line 0.76cm (Y value) for aorta petal distance
Middle line；Aorta petal space angle: aorta petal is 17.5 ° (angles I) with the angle of sagittal axis in the horizontal plane；Aorta petal
It is 73.6 ° (angles II) disc that the simulation diameter of aorta petal annulus is 3cm with the angle of vertical axis in sagittal plane；
Direction of the aorta petal blood flow in thorax: flow through aorta petal blood flow in the horizontal plane with 29.0 ° of (angles of the angle of sagittal axis
Ⅲ)；Think flow through aortic blood flow in sagittal plane with 48.8 ° of the angle of vertical axis (angle IV).
Pulmonary valve model includes lung moving vane spatial position, lung moving vane film space angle and lung moving vane blood flow in thorax
Direction；Pulmonary artery spatial position extends 12.26cm (Z value) for pulmonary valve height, apart from thorax to sufficient end with thoracic outlet
Antetheca 4.97cm (X value) is pulmonary valve apart from preceding wall of the chest distance, with apart from median line 2.04cm (Y value) for pulmonary valve distance
Middle line；Pulmonary valve space angle: pulmonary valve is 84.2 ° (angles I) with the angle of sagittal axis in the horizontal plane；Pulmonary valve
It is 79.8 ° (angles II) disc that the simulation diameter of pulmonary valve annulus is 3cm with the angle of vertical axis in sagittal plane；
Direction of the pulmonary valve blood flow in thorax: flow through pulmonary valve blood flow in the horizontal plane with 24.5 ° of (angles of the angle of sagittal axis
Ⅲ)；Think flow through aortic blood flow in sagittal plane with 29.8 ° of the angle of vertical axis (angle IV).
Rib cage model: according to the measurement data in table 1, corresponding to horizontal rib before constructing V rib with bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve, with
Pulmonary valve and aorta petal the IIIth intercostal of corresponding horizontal building are horizontal, with the position of the IIIth intercostal and V rib building the IIth,
III, IV rib.
Each area of auscultation flag model: auscultatory mitral area position, that is, left border of sternum V is constructed in constructed model respectively
(6.3cm), tricuspid valve auscultation zone position, that is, breastbone lower end left side, 1 area of auscultation of aorta petal, that is, right border of sternum at the intercostal apex of the heart
IIth intercostal, 2 area of auscultation of aorta petal, that is, the IIth intercostal of III intercostal of left border of sternum and pulmonary valve auscultation area, that is, left border of sternum.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, and wherein each implementation steps etc. of method are all that can be varied
, all equivalents and improvement carried out based on the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded in protection of the invention
Except range.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface location method, it is characterised in that including the following contents:
1) different human body physique and corresponding position of valve parameter are measured respectively, and the heart that foundation meets Chinese's anatomical features is each
Valve spatial position and towards angle-data library, and obtain the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart, detailed process are as follows:
1.1) thorax is measured:
Take V intercostal horizontal measurement thorax anteroposterior diameter distance and left and right diameter distance, anteroposterior diameter distance average be 25.4 ±
4.9cm, left and right diameter distance average are 32.7 ± 3.9cm；
1.2) three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to heart and thorax according to the tomoscan image of human chest, determines heart valve space bit
It sets；
1.3) heart valve space angle is determined:
Determined in tomoscan image each annulus in the horizontal plane with angle, that is, angle I of sagittal axis；
Determined on Three-dimension Reconstruction Model each annulus in sagittal plane with angle, that is, angle II of vertical axis；
1.4) determination flows through valve blood flow direction:
In tomoscan image determine flow through each valve blood flow in the horizontal plane with the angle of sagittal axis i.e. angle III；
Determined on Three-dimension Reconstruction Model each annulus in sagittal plane with angle, that is, angle IV of vertical axis；
1.5) determine the apex of the heart away from median line distance:
It is 6.3 ± 0.9cm that the apex of the heart is measured on the coronal-plane of Three-dimension Reconstruction Model away from median line distance；
1.6) all normal Chinese adult human body physique and position of valve parameter of measurement are counted, obtains meeting Chinese
Each valve spatial position of the heart of anatomical features and towards angle-data library, and by position of valve each in database parameter respectively into
The processing of row average value, obtains the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart；
2) according to the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart, auscultatory valve areas body surface projection is calculated based on 3D-MAX software
Machine simulation, positions heart valve spatial position and each auscultatory valve areas body surface symbol；
3) teaching demonstration is carried out according to determining each auscultatory valve areas position.
2. visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface location method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that 1.2) root
Three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to heart and thorax according to the tomoscan image of human chest, determines valve spatial position, detailed process are as follows:
It gets the bid in human chest tomoscan image and remembers the central point of each annulus of heart, put with this and represent valve central point, apply
1:1 scale in the horizontal plane respectively measurement valve central point at a distance from preceding chest wall cutaneous i.e. X value and with median sagittal line away from
From i.e. Y value；
Three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to tomoscan image using computer image processing technology, obtains the three-dimensional reconstruction of heart and thorax
Model；
Intercostal where determining the central point of each valve on Three-dimension Reconstruction Model positions and distance, that is, Z apart from thoracic outlet
Value, wherein bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve position mean correspond to V rib cage level, aorta petal and pulmonary valve position mean
Corresponding IIIth intercostal is horizontal.
3. visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface location method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2)
According to the mean value of each position of valve parameter of heart, computer mould is carried out to auscultatory valve areas body surface projection based on 3D-MAX software
It is quasi-, position heart valve spatial position and each auscultatory valve areas body surface symbol, detailed process are as follows:
2.1) thorax model is established:
Thorax ellipse bottom surface is constructed with V intercostal thorax anteroposterior diameter average value and left and right diameter average value；With nearest sufficient end valve
I.e. tricuspid valve is thorax height apart from the distance that breastbone exports, and establishes thorax model；
2.2) valve spatial position is constructed:
Extend X value as bicuspid valve altitude location, to be bicuspid valve apart from shirtfront apart from thorax antetheca Y value to sufficient end using thoracic outlet
Wall Distance positioning positions bicuspid valve center according to above three data to position as bicuspid valve apart from middle line apart from median line Z value
Space of points position, method successively positions tricuspid valve, aorta petal and pulmonary valve valve central point spatial position respectively according to this；
2.3) valve space angle is constructed:
With angle I be bicuspid valve in the horizontal plane with the angle of sagittal axis, with angle II be bicuspid valve in sagittal plane with it is vertical
The angle of axis, simulation diameter be 3cm disc be mitral annulus, construct bicuspid valve in thorax towards angle, according to this
Successively construct the space angle of tricuspid valve, aorta petal and pulmonary valve valve；
2.4) building flows through valve blood flow direction:
It is to flow through aortic blood flow in the horizontal plane with the angle of sagittal axis with angle III, is to flow through aortic blood flow with angle IV
It with the angle of vertical axis in sagittal plane, constructs and flows through direction of the aortic blood flow in thorax, successively building flows through three according to this
The direction of cusp, aorta petal and pulmonary valve valve blood flow；
2.5) rib cage model is constructed:
With rib before the corresponding horizontal building V rib of bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve, with the corresponding horizontal building of pulmonary valve and aorta petal the
III intercostal is horizontal, constructs the II, the III, IV rib according to the position of the IIIth intercostal and V rib；
2.6) position of auscultatory valve areas is determined:
Auscultatory mitral area position is at the left border of sternum V intercostal apex of the heart, and it is breastbone lower end left side, master that tricuspid valve, which auscultates zone position,
The 1st area of auscultation of arterial valve is the IIth intercostal of right border of sternum, the 2nd area of auscultation of aorta petal is III intercostal of left border of sternum and pulmonary valve
Area of auscultation is the IIth intercostal of left border of sternum.
4. a kind of visible heart auscultatory valve areas body surface tutoring system, which is characterized in that the tutoring system include thorax module,
Bicuspid valve module, tricuspid valve module, aorta petal module, pulmonary valve module, rib cage module and each area of auscultation Sign module；
The long axis of the thorax ellipse bottom surface of the thorax module is the anteroposterior diameter 25.4cm of V intercostal thorax, the thorax mould
The short axle of the thorax ellipse bottom surface of block is the left and right diameter 32.7cm of V intercostal thorax, and the height of the thorax module is nearest
The distance 17.97cm that sufficient end tricuspid valve is exported apart from breastbone；
The bicuspid valve module includes bicuspid valve spatial position, mitral valve space angle and aortic blood flow in thorax
Direction；The bicuspid valve spatial position extends 17.89cm as bicuspid valve height, apart from thorax antetheca to sufficient end using thoracic outlet
10.45cm is bicuspid valve apart from preceding wall of the chest distance, to be bicuspid valve apart from middle line apart from median line 2.12cm；The bicuspid valve is empty
Between angle include bicuspid valve in the horizontal plane with 50.5 ° of the angle of sagittal axis, bicuspid valve in sagittal plane with the angle of vertical axis
34.5 °, the disc that the simulation diameter of mitral annulus is 3cm；Aortic blood flow direction in thorax includes flowing through two
Cusp blood flow in the horizontal plane with 30.7 ° of the angle of sagittal axis and flow through aortic blood flow in sagittal plane with the folder of vertical axis
62.8 ° of angle；
The tricuspid valve module includes tricuspid valve spatial position, tricuspid valve space angle and tricuspid valve blood flow in thorax
Direction；The tricuspid valve spatial position extends 17.97cm as tricuspid valve height, apart from thorax antetheca to sufficient end using thoracic outlet
7.51cm is tricuspid valve apart from preceding wall of the chest distance, to be tricuspid valve apart from middle line apart from median line -0.92cm；The tricuspid valve is empty
Between angle include tricuspid valve in the horizontal plane with 46.0 ° of the angle of sagittal axis, tricuspid valve in sagittal plane with the angle of vertical axis
30.6 °, the disc that the simulation diameter of Tricuspid annulus is 3cm；Direction of the tricuspid valve blood flow in thorax includes flowing through
Tricuspid valve blood flow in the horizontal plane with 30.4 ° of the angle of sagittal axis and flow through aortic blood flow in sagittal plane with vertical axis
70.3 ° of angle；
The aorta petal module includes active valve spatial position, active valve space angle and active valve blood flow in thorax
Direction；The aorta spatial position extends 12.01cm as aorta petal height, before thorax to sufficient end using thoracic outlet
Wall 8.24cm is aorta petal apart from preceding wall of the chest distance, to be aorta petal apart from middle line apart from median line 0.76cm；The master
Arterial valve space angle includes that aorta petal is in the horizontal plane 17.5 ° with the angle of sagittal axis, and the aorta petal is in sagittal
The disc for being 3cm with the simulation diameter of 73.6 ° of the angle of vertical axis and aorta petal annulus on face；The aorta petal blood flow
Direction in thorax include flow through aorta petal blood flow in the horizontal plane with 29.0 ° of the angle of sagittal axis and flow through bicuspid valve
Blood flow in sagittal plane with 48.8 ° of the angle of vertical axis；
The pulmonary valve module includes lung moving vane spatial position, lung moving vane film space angle and lung moving vane blood flow in thorax
Direction；The pulmonary artery spatial position extends 12.26cm as pulmonary valve height, before thorax to sufficient end using thoracic outlet
Wall 4.97cm is pulmonary valve apart from preceding wall of the chest distance, to be pulmonary valve apart from middle line apart from median line 2.04cm；The lung
Arterial valve space angle include pulmonary valve in the horizontal plane with 84.2 ° of the angle of sagittal axis, pulmonary valve in sagittal plane with
79.8 ° of the angle of vertical axis, the disc that the simulation diameter of pulmonary valve annulus is 3cm；The pulmonary valve blood flow is in thorax
In direction include flow through pulmonary valve blood flow in the horizontal plane with 24.5 ° of the angle of sagittal axis and flow through aortic blood flow and swearing
On shape face with 29.8 ° of the angle of vertical axis；
The rib cage module includes with rib before the V rib of the corresponding horizontal building of bicuspid valve and tricuspid valve, with pulmonary valve and active
IIIth intercostal of the corresponding horizontal building of arteries and veins valve is horizontal, with the IIIth intercostal and V rib position construct the II, the III, IV rib；
Each area of auscultation Sign module: auscultatory mitral area position be the left border of sternum V intercostal apex of the heart at, tricuspid valve area of auscultation
Position is breastbone lower end left side, the 1st area of auscultation of aorta petal is the IIth intercostal of right border of sternum, the 2nd area of auscultation of aorta petal is chest
III intercostal of bone left border and pulmonary valve auscultation area are the IIth intercostal of left border of sternum.
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| CN108492695A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-09-04 | 中国医学科学院北京协和医院 | A kind of cardiac ultrasonic trining mock up |
| CN110610204B (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2022-08-26 | 南京邮电大学 | Frequency correlation-based heart sound communication network feature extraction method |
| CN117017339B (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2024-04-30 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | Automatic auscultation method for mechanical arm |
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