CN106945264B - Linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle and printing method - Google Patents
Linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle and printing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106945264B CN106945264B CN201710176686.3A CN201710176686A CN106945264B CN 106945264 B CN106945264 B CN 106945264B CN 201710176686 A CN201710176686 A CN 201710176686A CN 106945264 B CN106945264 B CN 106945264B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention discloses a linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle and a printing method. A molten printing material outlet with a long and narrow slit is arranged in the nozzle to form a flat molten plastic jet flow with a set width; the sheet blocking needle array is formed by overlapping a plurality of sheet blocking needles, the planar structure of each sheet blocking needle is the same in shape and the same or different in thickness, and the blocking needle array driving device is used for driving any sheet blocking needle to swing back and forth so as to enable the molten plastic jet to generate a comb-shaped gap with a controllable position when the molten plastic jet of the position width of any sheet blocking needle is blocked or opened; the three-dimensional printing nozzle does reciprocating linear motion according to a zigzag track, comb-type controllable flat molten plastic jet flow is paved on a working table surface to deposit to form set patterns, and a plurality of layers of patterns are stacked to form a three-dimensional printing part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing sprayer and a printing method, in particular to a design of a linear array jet type sprayer of an FDM three-dimensional printer, and belongs to the technical field of rapid forming and three-dimensional printers.
Background
In 1988, the invention of fdm (fused Deposition manufacturing) by ktkru pu in the united states is to feed a plastic wire into a printing head to be melted, extrude the plastic wire through a small hole of 0.1-0.4 mm at the head of the printing head, and adopt a melt-molding thin-wire filling mode on a workbench according to a path controlled by a computer instruction to realize the layered addition molding of a three-dimensional object. The nozzle is a key component for realizing deposition molding and is also the core of the FDM three-dimensional printer, and generally comprises a raw material feeding device, a plasticizing device, a nozzle, a feeding driving device and a controller; the driving device provides driving force for the adding of the raw materials and the extruding of the molten materials, the molten materials can be extruded out through the nozzle smoothly, the control device controls the adding speed of the materials and controls the heating temperature, the feeding device ensures that the silk materials or the granular materials can be added into the charging barrel smoothly, the plasticizing device ensures that the materials are uniformly plasticized, and the nozzle is a last channel through which the material melt flows.
Since the invention of the FDM technology, the basic accumulation forming principle and the basic configuration of the spray head are almost unchanged, as shown in figure 1, melts are sprayed out through small holes, extruded materials are high-temperature melt filament linear jet flows, and the diameter of the jet flow is generally 0.1-0.4 mm. The hole type spray head completes scanning of the two-dimensional profile of the cross section of the workpiece by the silk thread in a track filling mode on the workbench, which is substantially equivalent to point pattern filling, and the filling speed depends on the mechanical movement speed of the spray head and the flow speed of the silk discharged from the small hole. Due to the contradiction between the three-dimensional printing precision and the diameter and the flow rate of the melt fine line, the FDM modeling speed is low. Under the general precision requirement, the maximum melt volume capable of being extruded every 24 hours does not exceed 36 milliliters, which determines that FDM three-dimensional printing is not suitable for printing large parts or complex objects cannot be printed with low precision.
The improvement of the FDM nozzle mainly focuses on the aspects of feeding modes, increase of colors of the wire materials of the nozzle, the number of the nozzles and the like, and the wire outlet modes are all small-hole wire outlet. U.S. Pat. No. 4, 9283714, 2 discloses a design scheme and a dyeing and wire-discharging principle of a color FDM nozzle, wherein a raw material wire is dyed before entering the nozzle, so that color three-dimensional printing is realized; the Chinese utility model discloses a nozzle structure of a three-dimensional printing device (201620114545.X), which is characterized in that nozzles with different apertures can be selected according to the position of a forming object or the size of a printing area by arranging holes with different sizes on a gear ring; the utility model discloses a three-dimensional printing high-speed precise quantitative nozzle (201520656239.4), which is characterized in that a printing needle realizes the small hole injection of precise small amount of liquid in the form of piston motion under the attraction of an electromagnet; the utility model discloses a three-dimensional printer shower nozzle of adjustable extrusion flow "(201520336155.2) sets up to the rectangle at shower nozzle tip spout cross-section, set up the nozzle piston groove that the cross-section is the T type simultaneously in the nozzle side, realize the dynamic adjustment of rectangle export cross-sectional area through the motion of piston in the piston groove, the cellular type shower nozzle that still is single export in nature, though can improve the cross-section filling efficiency through thin belt type injection, but the flat thin material area cross-section of blowout is solid long and narrow rectangle, shower nozzle itself also must rotate simultaneously in turn route position, it is perpendicular with orbit tangential direction to keep the material area of blowout all the time, namely the shower nozzle still needs to fill the orbit according to the straight line/curve of work piece cross-section profile and accomplish total length and the huge complicated orbit motion consuming time; the utility model discloses an "extrusion sprinkler structure of rapid prototyping system" (98219118.9) discloses a design that sets up the overflow valve in nozzle aperture position, realizes the inside melt pressure stability of nozzle.
In the prior art, the FDM nozzle and the injection molding principle all have the following disadvantages: 1. the melt is sprayed through the small holes to complete point filling of a two-dimensional section shape, the flow of the spraying holes is extremely limited, the contradiction between precision and efficiency is directly brought, and the spraying holes are a key defect source of the FDM three-dimensional printing technology; 2. the physical modeling is completed by point-mode track scanning of the tip of the spray head, the total length of the actual running track of the spray head is extremely large, and the running time is extremely long; 3. the discharge speed per unit time is limited, and the printing requirement of large-size components cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the background technology, the invention designs an implementation scheme of a linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle and a printing method, and realizes high-speed FDM three-dimensional printing; the instantaneous distribution of jet flow jetted by a flat nozzle of an FDM (fused deposition modeling) three-dimensional printer is limited by a sheet needle blocking array, so that the jet flow is in a flat comb shape with randomly controllable gap positions, the shape change of flat continuous jet flow in the deposition process of each layer of patterns is realized, strip pattern shapes with set width can be deposited by each linear motion of an FDM nozzle, the next pattern shape is jetted and deposited by the nozzle in the return linear motion of the adjacent position of the current strip, the complete patterns of the cross section of a workpiece at any height position are spliced repeatedly, and multiple layers of patterns are continuously stacked to finish the manufacture of three-dimensional printed workpieces.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a three-dimensional shower nozzle of printing of linear array injection formula FDM, includes: the device comprises a nozzle feeding nozzle 1, a nozzle main body, a heating rod 6 and a temperature measuring probe 7; the spray head main body comprises a fixed nozzle 9 positioned on the left side and a controllable nozzle positioned on the right side; the spray head feeding nozzle 1 is screwed above the fixed nozzle 9, and the heating rod 6 and the temperature measuring probe 7 are arranged inside the fixed nozzle 9; the method is characterized in that:
the controllable nozzle comprises: the nozzle mask 2, the slice type needle blocking array 5 and the needle blocking pressure adjusting block 3 further comprise: a blocking needle array driving device 4;
the sheet type blocking needle array 5 is composed of at least three sheet blocking needles which are overlapped together, the shape of each sheet blocking needle is the same, the thickness of each sheet blocking needle is equal or unequal, and each sheet blocking needle is provided with: six parts of a pull rod 5.1, a vibrating rod 5.2, a prepressing spring needle 5.3, a flexible connecting rod 5.4, a needle blocking head part 5.5 and a hook convex part 5.6; the pull rod 5.1 is a slender strip which is positioned at the right side of the vibrating rod 5.2 and extends vertically and upwards; the flexible connecting rod 5.4 is positioned at the left side of the vibrating rod 5.2 and extends vertically upwards, and the hook bulge part 5.6 is arranged at the upper part of the flexible connecting rod 5.4; the pre-pressing spring needle 5.3 is a long thin strip which is positioned in the middle of the vibrating rod 5.2 and extends upwards, and the end part of the long thin strip is provided with an elbow; the needle blocking head part 5.5 is positioned at the left lower side of the vibrating rod 5.2; a transition fillet 5.7 is arranged at the turning part between the flexible connecting rod 5.4 and the vibrating rod 5.2;
the spray head mask 2 is locked with the fixed nozzle 9 through a fastener; a blocking needle hanging buckle groove is processed in the spray head mask 2, and a hook convex part 5.6 of each sheet blocking needle of the sheet type blocking needle array 5 is embedded in the blocking needle hanging buckle groove of the spray head mask 2 and is tightly matched with the spray head mask 2; the back surface of the flexible connecting rod 5.4 is tightly attached to the nozzle mask 2, and the transition round angle 5.7 is in clearance fit with the round angle of the corresponding part of the nozzle mask 2;
in the sheet type blocking needle array 5, a flat inner cavity 9.1 is formed between the outer side of the vertical surface of all the blocking needle head parts 5.5 and the fixed nozzle 9, the lower part of the flat inner cavity 9.1 is a nozzle in the shape of a narrow and long slit, the length of the narrow and long slit is the maximum width of one-time injection molding of the spray head, and the width of the narrow and long slit defines the thickness of the material sprayed by the spray head; the thickness of each thin sheet blocking pin is FDM printing minimum transverse resolution;
the needle blocking pressure adjusting block 3 is fixedly connected to the spray head mask 2 through a fastener, the lower end of the needle blocking pressure adjusting block 3 abuts against an elbow of the pre-pressing spring needle 5.3, and the position of the needle blocking pressure adjusting block 3 is adjustable up and down;
the blocking needle array driving device 4 is connected with a pull rod 5.1 of each thin sheet blocking needle, the vibrating rod 5.2 used for pulling each thin sheet blocking needle of the blocking needle array driving device 4 swings around the edge of the lower left corner of the spray head mask 2 at a small angle by taking a transition fillet 5.7 as the center, and the vibrating rod 5.2 pulls the head part 5.5 of the blocking needle to swing back and forth, so that a narrow gap at the nozzle is driven to open or close.
The linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle is characterized in that: the blocking needle array driving device 4 is used for driving the blocking needle head 5.5 of each thin sheet blocking needle to independently swing back and forth according to the control instruction requirement, and further controlling the material at the corresponding position in the narrow slit-shaped nozzle to be sprayed or closed; the blocking needle array driving device 4 is: the piezoelectric ceramic driving device is one of a voice coil motor driving device, a linear motor driving device and an electromagnet driving device.
The linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle is characterized in that: a small inclined plane is arranged at the nozzle outlet of the fixed nozzle 9, and the small inclined plane is matched with the needle blocking head part 5.5 and used for closing material injection at the corresponding position of the nozzle.
The linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle is characterized in that: in the sheet type blocking needle array 5, the thickness of each sheet blocking needle is preferably 0.1-0.4 mm.
A three-dimensional printing method adopting the linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing spray head is characterized in that: in the work, shower nozzle feed nozzle 1 to in the flat inner chamber 9.1 continuous transport print required melting material, the injection material in the flat inner chamber 9.1 is spout downwards through the nozzle that is the slot form again, and when the melting material flows from long and narrow slit export, appears the controllable comb flat efflux in gap position, paves and deposits into the settlement pattern on the workstation, forms 3D printing material's melting and piles up.
The three-dimensional printing method of the linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle is characterized in that: the narrow slit-shaped nozzles of the three-dimensional printing nozzle perform reciprocating linear motion in the process of fusion stacking molding, and the tracks of the nozzles are distributed in a shape like a Chinese character ji; in each unidirectional movement process, the narrow slit-shaped nozzle sprays flat sheet materials with set width to be stacked and formed, the flat sheet materials are continuously sprayed, or the position of each blocking needle in the sheet type blocking needle array 5 is controlled to randomly spray under the command control.
The three-dimensional printing method of the linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle is characterized in that: the adjustment of the pre-pressure of each needle blocking head part 5.5 relative to the fixed nozzle 9 is realized by adjusting the upper and lower positions of the needle blocking pressure adjusting block 3, when any thin sheet needle blocking is not under the driving force of the needle blocking array driving device 4, the molten material in the narrow slit-shaped nozzle can not be downwards sprayed, and on the contrary, when any thin sheet needle blocking is under the driving force of the needle blocking array driving device 4, the molten material in the narrow slit-shaped nozzle is downwards sprayed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the jet instantaneous distribution of the jet ejected by the flat nozzle of the FDM three-dimensional printer is limited by the sheet type blocking needle array, so that the ejected jet presents a flat comb shape with randomly controllable gap positions, the shape change of the flat continuous jet in the deposition process of each layer of pattern is realized, the strip-type pattern shape with a specific width can be deposited by each linear motion of the FDM nozzle, the nozzle performs reciprocating linear motion according to a 'n' -shaped track, the next pattern shape is ejected and deposited by the nozzle in the return linear motion of the adjacent position of the current strip, the complete pattern of the cross section of a workpiece at any height position is spliced repeatedly, the multi-layer patterns are continuously stacked, and the manufacture of a three-dimensional printing workpiece is completed. High working efficiency and is particularly suitable for printing large articles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional nozzle and a melt ejected through a small hole;
fig. 2 is a schematic working process diagram of a linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of an outlet of a nozzle of a linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a single sheet of the stopper pin according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference symbols in the drawings, FIGS. 2-6:
1-nozzle feeding mouth, 2-nozzle mask, 3-needle blocking pressure adjusting block, 4-needle blocking array driving device, 5-slice type needle blocking array, 5.1-pull rod, 5.2-vibrating rod, 5.3-prepressing spring needle, 5.4-flexible connecting rod, 5.5-needle blocking head, 5.6-hook bulge, 5.7-transition fillet, 6-heating rod, 7-temperature measuring probe, 8-fastening bolt, 9-fixed nozzle, 9.1-flat inner cavity, and 10-nozzle reciprocating track shaped like Chinese character 'ji'.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The following examples of the present invention are provided to illustrate or explain the principles of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries. The following description omits detailed descriptions of well-known devices and methods for clarity of explanation.
Referring to fig. 2 to 3, the invention provides a linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle, comprising: the device comprises a nozzle feeding nozzle 1, a nozzle main body, a heating rod 6 and a temperature measuring probe 7; the spray head main body comprises a fixed nozzle 9 positioned on the left side and a controllable nozzle positioned on the right side; the nozzle feeding nozzle 1 is screwed above the fixed nozzle 9, and the heating rod 6 and the temperature probe 7 are arranged inside the fixed nozzle 9. The controllable nozzle comprises: the nozzle mask 2, the slice type needle blocking array 5 and the needle blocking pressure adjusting block 3 further comprise: and a blocking needle array driving device 4.
The heating rod 6 and the temperature measuring probe 7 are used for heating and controlling the temperature of the spray head main body during working, and in the embodiment, the whole spray head component is kept at the high temperature of 190-250 ℃ by utilizing the heat conduction effect; the maintaining temperature value of the nozzle body depends on the material property of the melt, and the viscosity of the melt is adjusted in a proper range through temperature control, for example, for ABS material, the nozzle body is maintained at 200-210 ℃, for PLA material, the nozzle body is maintained at 190-200 ℃ so as to maintain the kinematic viscosity of the melt at about 100Pa s.
In the embodiment of the invention, the sheet type blocking needle array 5 is composed of 16 sheet blocking needles which are overlapped together, the planar structure shape of each sheet blocking needle is the same, the thickness is the same, and the preferred value is 0.1-0.4 mm, so the total width value of the sheet type blocking needle array 5 is 1.6-6.4 mm, and from the structural and functional aspects, each part on each sheet blocking needle is respectively: a pull rod 5.1, a vibrating rod 5.2, a prepressing spring needle 5.3, a flexible connecting rod 5.4, a needle blocking head part 5.5 and a hook convex part 5.6; the pull rod 5.1 is a slender strip which is positioned at the right side of the vibrating rod 5.2 and extends vertically and upwards; the flexible connecting rod 5.4 is positioned at the left side of the vibrating rod 5.2 and extends vertically upwards, and the hook bulge part 5.6 is arranged at the upper part of the flexible connecting rod 5.4; the pre-pressing spring needle 5.3 is a long thin strip which is positioned in the middle of the vibrating rod 5.2 and extends upwards, and the end part of the long thin strip is provided with an elbow; the head part 5.5 of the blocking needle is positioned at the left lower side of the vibrating rod 5.2, and the height of the head part 5.5 of the blocking needle exceeds the upper edge of the vibrating rod to form a small inclined plane; the transition round angle 5.7 is arranged at the turning part between the flexible connecting rod 5.4 and the vibrating rod 5.2.
In the embodiment of the invention, the distance of the needle blocking head part 5.5 beyond the vibrating rod 5.2 is preferably 1.5mm, and the vibrating rod 5.2 is partially kept at a certain height to provide enough structural rigidity, in the embodiment of the invention, the height of the vibrating rod 5.2 is preferably 4.5mm, the needle blocking head part 5.5 is in a slope protrusion relative to the front end surface of the flexible connecting rod 5.4, and the protrusion angle is preferably 75 degrees; in the normal state that the blocking needle array driving device 4 does not act, the blocking needle head part 5.5 is tightly attached to the outlet edge of the fixed nozzle 9 of the nozzle body to block the melt outflow channel at the corresponding position; the hook part of the hook bulge part 5.6 of the blocking needle is L-shaped and is embedded into the corresponding mounting notch of the spray head mask 2 for fixing. The flexible connecting rod 5.4 is connected with the hook bulge part 5.6 and the needle blocking head part 5.5, and the motion track of the needle blocking head part 5.5 is limited; the width of the flexible connecting rod 5.4 part is set to be narrower, the length is set to be longer, enough flexibility is formed at the part, the vibrating rod 5.2 can do back and forth swinging motion around the edge of the matching surface of the nozzle mask 2 under relatively small driving force, the jet flow injection of the current sheet blocking needle at the position is opened or closed, the preferred value of the width of the flexible connecting rod 5.4 part is 0.5mm, and the preferred value of the length is 8 mm; the inner end surface of the flexible connecting rod 5.4 is tightly attached to the nozzle mask 2 under the action of high pressure of printing material melt, a transition fillet 5.7 with the radius of 0.8mm is arranged at the joint position of the flexible connecting rod 5.4 and the needle blocking head part 5.5, a wedge-shaped gap exists between the vibrating rod 5.2 part of the thin sheet blocking needle and the nozzle mask 2, the vibrating rod 5.2 takes the close position point of the flexible connecting rod 5.4 adjacent to the transition fillet 5.7 as an approximate rotation center to swing up and down with small amplitude until the vibrating rod is limited by a wedge-shaped limiting surface matched with the nozzle mask 2 backwards or limited by a nozzle edge matching surface of a fixed nozzle 9 forwards, and in the swinging process, the needle blocking head part 5.5 opens a nozzle opening of 0.1mm backwards or returns to a normal position to close the nozzle.
As shown in fig. 3 and 6, a pre-pressing spring needle 5.3 is arranged in the middle of the thin sheet blocking needle, the pin of the pre-pressing spring needle 5.3 abuts against the lower edge of the blocking needle pressure adjusting block 3 in fig. 3 to provide forward closing pressure for the blocking needle head part 5.5, when high-pressure melt exists in the flat inner cavity 9.1, the pressure of the high-pressure melt on the blocking needle head part 5.5 to open the nozzle opening is balanced, the value of the melt pressure is different mainly according to the physical characteristics of the melt material, taking a certain type of ABS material as an example, the preferred value can be 9-10 MPa at 200 ℃, and 7-8 MPa at 210 ℃; the position of the needle blocking pressure adjusting block 3 is always set to make the pressure of the high-pressure melt slightly smaller than the pre-pressure provided by the pre-pressing spring needle 5.3, the difference value of the two pressures is about 10% -15% times of the melt pressure, namely the forward pressure of the needle blocking head part 5.5 and the matching surface of the fixed nozzle 9 end caused by the pre-pressure at the pre-pressing spring needle 5.3 is equal to about 1.10-1.15 times of the melt maintaining pressure, so that the jet flow outlet of the nozzle corresponding to the width of the thin sheet needle blocking is reliably blocked under the condition that the thin sheet needle blocking driving force transmitted by the pull rod 5.1 is zero.
The tail part of the thin sheet needle blocking is provided with a pull rod 5.1, the upper end of the pull rod 5.1 is connected with a needle blocking array driving device 4, the pull rod 5.1 is used for transmitting upward pulling force provided by the needle blocking array driving device 4, and the upward pulling force and melt pressure in a flat inner cavity 9.1 of the spray head jointly compress a pre-pressing spring needle 5.3 further, so that a vibrating rod 5.2 of the thin sheet needle blocking rotates backwards at a small angle, further the needle blocking head part 5.5 rotates backwards, and a spray head jet outlet is opened. The thin sheet needle blocking vibrating rod 5.2 generates high-frequency random vibration under the combined action of the pulling force provided by the pull rod 5.1 and the restoring force provided by the pre-pressing spring needle 5.3, so that the needle blocking head part 5.5 can open or close the jet with a specific width at a specific position of the jet of the nozzle at a proper moment, and flat comb-type jet with randomly controllable gaps is realized.
Each thin sheet blocking needle is tightly attached side by side, because the convex part 5.6 of the blocking needle hook is embedded into the blocking needle hook groove, the front end surfaces of all blocking needle flexible connecting rods 5.4 are strictly flush, a flat inner cavity 9.1 for containing melt is defined by a plane opposite to the fixed nozzle 9, the flat inner cavity 9.1 is in a shape of a long and narrow slit, the height of the narrow slit is preferably 10mm, the width of the narrow slit is preferably 0.1mm, the transverse opening length of the narrow slit is equal to the maximum jet flow width of the printing spray head, when the transverse opening length is 6.4mm in the embodiment, 16 thin sheet blocking needles are correspondingly arranged, and the thickness of each blocking needle is 0.4 mm; the printing raw material melt is injected into a nozzle flat inner cavity 9.1 from a small hole of a nozzle feeding nozzle 1, the maintaining pressure of 1.5-40 MPa is kept, and after passing through a 10mm flat inner cavity 9.1, the printing raw material melt is sprayed to a working table top or the surface of a workpiece through a 0.1mm narrow slit opening to deposit a specific pattern. As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the length of the narrow gap is the maximum width of the one-time injection molding of the spray head, and the width of the narrow gap defines the thickness of the material sprayed by the spray head; the thickness of each sheet pin is the FDM print minimum lateral resolution.
When the linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing spray head is used for printing, two sheet blocking needles at the outermost edge of the blocking needle array 5 are static blocking needles, namely the sheet blocking needle at the outermost layer is a static blocking needle, and the static blocking needles are kept to be matched with the lateral sealing gasket in work so as to realize good lateral sealing of a nozzle outlet; aiming at a blocking needle array 5 consisting of 16 blocking needles with the thickness of 0.4mm, the theoretical effective width of a comb-shaped flat jet flow of a nozzle of a printing nozzle is 5.6mm, and the blocking needle array corresponds to 14 movable thin sheet blocking needles. The movable sheet blocking needle can be arranged on 14 position points under the action of the blocking needle array driving device 4, jet flow spraying control of any 0.4mm width is realized, and a flat melt pattern strip with the width of 5.6mm is deposited at one time by combining with uniform linear motion of a printing spray head. Under the condition that 10MPa is maintained in a flat inner cavity 9.1 of the printing nozzle, the spraying speed of the printing nozzle to the ABS material is about 6-7 mm/s, and the maximum upper limit of the actual spraying flow of the printing nozzle every 24 hours is not less than 330 ml; if the melt pressure is further increased, the corresponding melt injection speed is also increased in an equal proportion, the movement speed of the printing nozzle is correspondingly increased, and the volume of the melt which can be injected by the printing nozzle within 24 hours is correspondingly increased greatly. In the present embodiment, the transverse resolution of each pattern strip is 0.4mm, which is equal to the thickness of each sheet of the blocking pin, and the longitudinal resolution depends on the actual speed of the print head movement and the highest vibration frequency of the blocking pin array driving device 4. Under the conditions that the movement speed of the printing nozzle is 10mm/s and the highest vibration frequency of the needle blocking array driving device 4 is 100Hz, the longitudinal resolution of the pattern strip deposited by the nozzle jet flow is 0.1 mm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the maximum width of the melt flat jet flow ejected by the blocking needle array 5 is 5.6mm, and the gap position comb type controllable flat melt jet flow deposits a specific workpiece section pattern on the working table surface or the workpiece section along the linear motion direction of the linear array spray head according to the transverse resolution of every 0.4mm and the longitudinal resolution of 0.1 mm; the linear array spray head shifts one nozzle narrow slit outlet width each time to perform continuous reciprocating linear spraying to finish the material deposition of a complete workpiece section pattern, then the linear array nozzle raises the unit height of a deposited section pattern, or the deposited section pattern descends one unit height to start the material deposition of the next layer section pattern, and after the deposition of all height layer section patterns is continuously finished, the linear array spraying type FDM three-dimensional printing whole process is realized.
The jet instantaneous distribution of the jet ejected by the flat nozzle of the FDM three-dimensional printer is limited by the sheet type blocking needle array, so that the ejected jet presents a flat comb shape with randomly controllable gap positions, the shape change of the flat continuous jet in the deposition process of each layer of pattern is realized, the strip-type pattern shape with a specific width can be deposited by each linear motion of the FDM nozzle, the nozzle performs reciprocating linear motion according to a 'n' -shaped track 10, the next pattern shape is ejected and deposited by the nozzle in the return linear motion of the adjacent position of the current strip, the complete pattern of the cross section of a workpiece at any height position is spliced repeatedly, the multi-layer patterns are continuously stacked, and the manufacture of the three-dimensional printing workpiece is completed. High working efficiency and is particularly suitable for printing large articles.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional shower nozzle of printing of linear array injection formula FDM, includes: the device comprises a nozzle feeding nozzle (1), a nozzle main body, a heating rod (6) and a temperature measuring probe (7); the spray head main body comprises a fixed nozzle (9) positioned on the left side and a controllable nozzle positioned on the right side; the spray head feeding nozzle (1) is screwed above the fixed spray nozzle (9), and the heating rod (6) and the temperature measuring probe (7) are arranged inside the fixed spray nozzle (9); the method is characterized in that:
the controllable nozzle comprises: shower nozzle mask (2), slice formula stifled needle array (5), stifled needle pressure adjustment piece (3), still include: a blocking needle array driving device (4);
the sheet type blocking needle array (5) is composed of at least three sheet blocking needles which are overlapped together, the shape of each sheet blocking needle is the same, the thickness of each sheet blocking needle is equal or unequal, and each sheet blocking needle is provided with: six parts, namely a pull rod (5.1), a vibrating rod (5.2), a prepressing spring needle (5.3), a flexible connecting rod (5.4), a needle blocking head part (5.5) and a hook convex part (5.6); the pull rod (5.1) is a slender strip which is positioned at the right side of the vibrating rod (5.2) and extends vertically and upwards; the flexible connecting rod (5.4) is positioned at the left side of the vibrating rod (5.2) and vertically extends upwards, and the hook protruding part (5.6) is arranged at the upper part of the flexible connecting rod (5.4); the pre-pressing spring needle (5.3) is a long and thin strip which is positioned in the middle of the vibrating rod (5.2) and extends upwards, and the end part of the long and thin strip is provided with an elbow; the needle blocking head part (5.5) is positioned at the left lower side of the vibrating rod (5.2); a transition fillet (5.7) is arranged at the turning part between the flexible connecting rod (5.4) and the vibrating rod (5.2);
the spray head mask (2) is locked with the fixed nozzle (9) through a fastener; a blocking needle hanging buckle groove is processed in the spray head mask (2), and a hook convex part (5.6) of each sheet blocking needle of the sheet type blocking needle array (5) is embedded into the blocking needle hanging buckle groove of the spray head mask (2) and is tightly matched with the spray head mask (2); the back surface of the flexible connecting rod (5.4) is tightly attached to the spray head mask (2), and the transition round angle (5.7) is in clearance fit with the round angle of the corresponding part of the spray head mask (2);
in the sheet type blocking needle array (5), a flat inner cavity (9.1) is formed between the outer side of the vertical surface of all the blocking needle head parts (5.5) and the fixed nozzle (9), and the lower part of the flat inner cavity (9.1) is a narrow slit-shaped nozzle;
the needle blocking pressure adjusting block (3) is fixedly connected to the spray head mask (2) through a fastener, the lower end of the needle blocking pressure adjusting block (3) abuts against an elbow of the pre-pressing spring needle (5.3), and the position of the needle blocking pressure adjusting block (3) is adjustable up and down;
the blocking needle array driving device (4) is connected with a pull rod (5.1) of each thin sheet blocking needle, a vibrating rod (5.2) used for pulling each thin sheet blocking needle of the blocking needle array driving device (4) swings around the edge of the lower left corner of the spray head mask (2) at a small angle by taking a transition fillet (5.7) as the center, and the vibrating rod (5.2) pulls the head part (5.5) of the blocking needle to swing back and forth, so that a narrow gap at a nozzle is driven to be opened or closed.
2. The linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle of claim 1, wherein: the blocking needle array driving device (4) is used for driving the blocking needle head (5.5) of each thin sheet blocking needle to independently swing back and forth according to the requirement of a control instruction and controlling the material at the corresponding position in the narrow slit-shaped nozzle to be sprayed or closed; the blocking needle array driving device (4) is: the piezoelectric ceramic driving device is one of a voice coil motor driving device, a linear motor driving device and an electromagnet driving device.
3. The linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle of claim 1, wherein: the power source of the blocking needle array driving device (4) is as follows: piezoelectric ceramics, or a voice coil motor, or a linear motor, or an electromagnet; the blocking needle head (5.5) of each thin sheet blocking needle can independently swing forwards and backwards according to the control instruction requirement, and controls the material at the corresponding position in the narrow slit-shaped nozzle to be sprayed or closed.
4. The line-jet FDM three-dimensional printing head of claim 1 or 3, wherein: in the sheet type blocking needle array (5), the thickness of each sheet blocking needle is set to be 0.1-0.4 mm.
5. A three-dimensional printing method using the linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle of claim 1, characterized in that: in the work, a nozzle feeding nozzle (1) continuously conveys a molten material required by printing into the flat inner cavity (9.1), the injected material in the flat inner cavity (9.1) is downwards injected through a nozzle in a narrow and long slit shape, when the molten material flows out from a narrow and long slit outlet, comb-type flat jet flow with controllable gap position is presented, and is spread on a workbench to deposit into a set pattern to form the fused accumulation of the 3D printing material, the length of the narrow and long slit is the maximum width of one-time injection molding of the nozzle, and the width of the narrow and long slit defines the thickness of the injected material of the nozzle; the thickness of each sheet pin is the FDM print minimum lateral resolution.
6. The three-dimensional printing method of the linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle of claim 5, wherein: the narrow slit-shaped nozzles of the three-dimensional printing nozzle perform reciprocating linear motion in the process of fusion stacking molding, and the tracks of the nozzles are distributed in a shape like a Chinese character ji; in each unidirectional movement process, the narrow-slit-shaped nozzle sprays flat sheet materials with set width to be stacked and formed, the flat sheet materials are continuously sprayed, or the position of each blocking needle in the sheet type blocking needle array (5) is controlled to randomly spray under the command control.
7. The three-dimensional printing method of the linear array jet type FDM three-dimensional printing nozzle of claim 5 or 6, wherein: the adjustment of the pre-pressure of each needle blocking head part (5.5) relative to the fixed nozzle (9) is realized by adjusting the upper and lower positions of the needle blocking pressure adjusting block (3), when any thin sheet needle is not acted by the driving force of the needle blocking array driving device (4), the molten material in the narrow slit-shaped nozzle can not be downwards sprayed, and conversely, when any thin sheet needle is acted by the driving force of the needle blocking array driving device (4), the molten material in the narrow slit-shaped nozzle is downwards sprayed.
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| WO2021145818A1 (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-22 | Nanyang Technological University | 3d printing method and apparatus with a variable-geometry nozzle |
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| CN103407163A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-27 | 广东工业大学 | Micro-nano three-dimensional printing nozzle device |
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| WO2015107789A1 (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-23 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | Two-dimensional image-forming apparatus, three-dimensional fabrication apparatus, two-dimensional image-forming method and three-dimensional fabrication method |
| CN105459397A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-04-06 | 浙江大学 | Leak-proof spraying head for fused deposition molding of 3D (Three-Dimensional) printer |
| CN206703520U (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-12-05 | 湖北工业大学 | A kind of linear array injecting type FDM 3 D-printing shower nozzles |
| EP3323600A1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2018-05-23 | Mimaki Engineering Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing three-dimensionally shaped article |
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| CN103407163A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-27 | 广东工业大学 | Micro-nano three-dimensional printing nozzle device |
| CN104552869A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-29 | 麦格纳斯太尔燃油系统公司 | Nozzle for sheet or film extrusion |
| WO2015107789A1 (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-07-23 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | Two-dimensional image-forming apparatus, three-dimensional fabrication apparatus, two-dimensional image-forming method and three-dimensional fabrication method |
| EP3323600A1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2018-05-23 | Mimaki Engineering Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for manufacturing three-dimensionally shaped article |
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