CN106940252A - The loosening test device and its application method of a kind of bolt connection structure - Google Patents

The loosening test device and its application method of a kind of bolt connection structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106940252A
CN106940252A CN201710288241.4A CN201710288241A CN106940252A CN 106940252 A CN106940252 A CN 106940252A CN 201710288241 A CN201710288241 A CN 201710288241A CN 106940252 A CN106940252 A CN 106940252A
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China
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bolt
test
loosening test
terminal end
bare terminal
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CN106940252B (en
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朱旻昊
刘建华
杜永强
蔡振兵
彭金方
周俊波
刘学通
李荆
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the loosening test device and its application method of a kind of bolt connection structure, it includes upper fixture, lower clamp and test sensor-based system;Upper fixture includes upper junction plate, is arranged on the positioning centering component on upper junction plate, and be separately positioned on the upper bare terminal end and right bare terminal end of upper junction plate upper end and right-hand member;Lower clamp includes lower connecting plate, and is separately positioned on the lower bare terminal end and left bare terminal end of lower connecting plate lower end and left end;Upper junction plate on the lower connecting plate with being provided with the bolt slot mutually coincided.The loosening test of the achievable multi-mode of the present invention (eccentric, torsion, axial alternation and shearing alternate load) lower bolt connection structure of effect, its is simple in construction, it is easy to operate, it is cheap, its control simultaneously and the high precision tested, test data accurately and reliably, can be convenient and easy to provide test basis with using for the design of bolt connection structure, so as to more effectively improve the reliability of bolt connection structure.

Description

The loosening test device and its application method of a kind of bolt connection structure
Technical field
The present invention relates to bolt testing field, and in particular to a kind of loosening test device of bolt connection structure and its uses Method.
Background technology
Bolt-connection is one of modern structure and the most basic connected mode of plant equipment, is also most simple in mechanically connecting One of single, most effective, most common type of attachment.Bolt connection structure is because its is simple in construction, connection reliability, convenient disassembly, low The features such as cost, it is widely used among the industry-by-industry such as machinery, electronics, ship, aviation, automobile, building field, is most to measure Big wide fastening means.Under static load operating mode, bolt-connection all has self-locking performance, but when bolt-connection is by dynamic load When (such as vibration, impact, thermic load), different degrees of loosening can be produced.Bolt connection loosening will cause connection pretightning force to subtract Small or even forfeiture, causes each part in connection to play due performance and fail, causes plant equipment to break down very To causing serious malignant event.Therefore, to bolt-connection carry out loosening test can for bolt connection structure design with making With the important test basis of offer.
At present, fixture used in bolt connection structure loosening test can only substantially realize the lower bolt of single load effect The loosening test of draw bail, it is impossible to realize multi-mode (eccentric, torsion, axial alternation and shearing alternation) lower bolt of load effect The loosening test of draw bail.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of loosening test device for bolt connection structure that the present invention is provided and Application method can realize multi-mode (eccentric, torsion, axial alternation and shearing alternation) lower bolt connection structure of load effect Loosening test.
In order to reach foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
A kind of loosening test device of bolt connection structure is provided, it includes upper fixture, lower clamp and test sensor-based system; Upper fixture includes upper junction plate, is arranged on the positioning centering component on upper junction plate, and be separately positioned on upper junction plate upper end With the upper bare terminal end and right bare terminal end of right-hand member;
Lower clamp includes lower connecting plate, and is separately positioned on lower bare terminal end and the left clamping of lower connecting plate lower end and left end End;Upper junction plate on lower connecting plate with being provided with the bolt slot mutually coincided.
Further, positioning centering component includes being arranged on upper junction plate and positioned at the strip of bolt slot both sides;Every It is provided with strip on the outside of some positioning holes and a positioning sliding block, every strip and is provided with graduated scale.
Further, test sensor-based system includes displacement coder, force snesor and scale pointer, displacement coder Pass through shaft coupling joint test bolt;Force snesor is arranged on experiment bolt;Scale pointer is arranged on displacement coder top Portion's center position and the scale pointer extended on the outside of strip.
Further, positioning sliding block connects strip by clamping screw.
A kind of application method of the loosening test device of bolt connection structure is provided, it comprises the following steps:
S1, the type for determining loosening test;
S2, upper fixture and lower clamp passed through by upper and lower bare terminal end, or left and right bare terminal end pair according to the type of loosening test It is fixed on the upper lower chuck of fatigue tester with claiming, and bolt slot is mutually coincided;
S3, alignment test nut positioned using strip and positioning sliding block according to the type of loosening test;
S4, by testing nut and experiment bolt connection upper junction plate and lower connecting plate, positioning sliding block is removed, in experiment spiral shell It is common on female and experiment bolt that test sensor-based system is installed;
S5, startup fatigue tester carry out loosening test.
Further, the type of loosening test includes eccentric load loosening test, torsional load loosening test, axial alternation Load loosening test and shearing alternate load loosening test.
Further, upper fixture and lower clamp are passed through by upper and lower bare terminal end, or left and right folder according to the type of loosening test End is held symmetrically to be fixed on the upper lower chuck of fatigue tester, and the method for making bolt slot mutually coincide is:
Eccentric load loosening test, torsional load loosening test and axial alternate load loosening test are by the upper folder of upper fixture The lower bare terminal end for holding end and lower clamp is separately fixed on the upper lower chuck of fatigue tester and keeps it to be located at same straight line, together When the bolt slot of upper junction plate and lower connecting plate is mutually coincided;
The left bare terminal end of the right bare terminal end of upper fixture and lower clamp is separately fixed at tired by shearing alternate load loosening test On the upper lower chuck of labor testing machine and keep its be located at same straight line, while making the bolt slot of upper junction plate and lower connecting plate mutual Overlap.
Further, the method for alignment test nut being positioned by strip and positioning sliding block according to the type of loosening test For:
Torsional load loosening test and axial alternate load loosening test are placed on nut is tested on upper junction plate, and root Experiment nut is located at the underface of upper bare terminal end according to graduated scale and scale pointer, and nut will be tested by two positioning sliding blocks Clamp;
Eccentric load loosening test will test nut and be placed on upper junction plate and keep inclined with the underface of upper bare terminal end The heart by two positioning sliding blocks away from and being clamped;
Shearing alternate load loosening test will be tested nut and is placed on upper junction plate and positioned at the low order end of bolt slot, And clamped by positioning sliding block.
Further, by testing nut and experiment bolt connection upper junction plate and lower connecting plate, positioning sliding block is removed, The method of common installation test sensor-based system is on experiment nut and experiment bolt:
Force snesor is placed on experiment bolt, experiment bolt is passed through into upper connection below lower connecting plate by bolt slot Crab bolt groove and experiment nut, and apply pretightning force, positioning sliding block is removed, by nut clamping device clamp assay nut, And use shaft coupling connection displacement coder and experiment bolt.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1st, the present invention only needs upper and lower two fixtures that multi-mode (eccentric, torsion, axial alternation and shearing alternation) can be achieved The loosening test of the lower bolt connection structure of load effect.Multi-mode (eccentric, torsion, axial alternation and shearing alternation) load effect The loosening test of lower bolt connection structure need not be respectively that can be achieved using different experimental rigs so that multi-mode (eccentric, torsion Turn, axial alternation and shearing alternation) the lower bolt-connection of load effect loosening test is easier, economy.
2nd, the design of the angular displacement sensing device in test sensor-based system of the invention, nut can be accurately measured in real time Relative to the rotational angle of screw rod, more test datas can be obtained in the loosening test of bolt connection structure, are bolt The loosening test research of draw bail provides more analysis test methods.
3rd, the scale pointer in test sensor-based system of the invention coordinates with the graduated scale in positioning centering component in strip Use, be capable of the eccentric distance of Control experiment bolt exactly so that multi-mode (it is eccentric, reverse, axial alternation and shearing are handed over Becoming) loosening test of the lower bolt connection structure of load effect more facilitates, reliable.
4th, upper and lower two fixtures of the invention are each independent, and different bolt-connections can be realized by changing any fixture Loosening test of the structure under more complicated changeable operating mode, is that certain basis has been established in follow-up study.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is dimensional structure diagram of the invention;
Fig. 2 is front section view of the invention;
Fig. 3 removes the side sectional view of positioning sliding block for the present invention;
Fig. 4 is top view of the invention.
Wherein:1st, upper fixture;101st, upper bare terminal end;102nd, upper junction plate;103rd, right bare terminal end;2nd, lower clamp;201st, under Bare terminal end;202nd, lower connecting plate;203rd, left bare terminal end;3rd, strip;301st, positioning hole;302nd, clamping screw;303rd, positioning sliding block; 304th, graduated scale;4th, nut is tested;5th, bolt is tested;6th, force snesor;7th, sensor-based system is tested;701st, nut clamping device; 702nd, shaft coupling;703rd, displacement coder clamping device;704th, linear bearing;705th, optical axis;706th, displacement coder;8、 Scale pointer.
Embodiment
The embodiment to the present invention is described below, in order to which those skilled in the art understand this hair It is bright, it should be apparent that the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment, for those skilled in the art, As long as various change is in the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claim is limited and is determined, these changes are aobvious and easy See, all are using the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the row of protection.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, the loosening test device of the bolt connection structure includes upper fixture 1, lower clamp 2 and test sensor-based system 7;Upper fixture 1 includes upper junction plate 102, is arranged on the positioning centering component on upper junction plate 102, with And it is separately positioned on the upper bare terminal end 101 and right bare terminal end 103 of the upper end of upper junction plate 102 and right-hand member;Lower clamp 2 includes lower connection Plate 202, and it is separately positioned on the lower bare terminal end 201 and left bare terminal end 203 of the lower end of lower connecting plate 202 and left end;Upper junction plate 102 on lower connecting plate 202 with being provided with the bolt slot mutually coincided, during loosening test, experiment bolt 5 and experiment nut 4 are linked together by upper junction plate 102 and lower connecting plate 202.
Positioning centering component includes being arranged on the strip 3 of bolt slot both sides;Some positioning holes are provided with every strip 3 301 and a positioning sliding block 303, the outside of every strip 3 is provided with graduated scale 304.Experiment nut 4 passes through positioning sliding block 303 carry out positioning centering.Positioning sliding block 303 connects strip 3 by clamping screw 302.
Testing sensor-based system 7 includes displacement coder 706, for joint test bolt 5 and displacement coder 706 Shaft coupling 702, is arranged at the top center of displacement coder 706 and extends into the scale pointer 8 in the outside of strip 3, point Experiment nut 4 and nut clamping device 701 and displacement coder clamping device on displacement coder 706 are not clamped in 703, the optical axis 705 between nut clamping device 701 and displacement coder clamping device 703 is connected to, angular displacement is arranged on Linear bearing 704 between encoder clamping device 703 and optical axis 705, and the force snesor 6 being arranged on experiment bolt 5; Force snesor 6 is sandwiched between experiment bolt 5 and lower connecting plate 202, therefore it is suffered in process of the test to measure experiment bolt 5 Power.Nut clamping device 701 is pressed from both sides after clamp assay nut 4 by linear bearing 704 and optical axis 705 with displacement coder Hold device 703 mutually to fix so that test sensor-based system 7 is mutually fixed with experiment nut 4.Scale pointer 8 is inclined by 304 pairs of graduated scale The eccentric distance of heart load is measured and controlled.
The lower end of shaft coupling 702 is provided with the screwed hole matched with experiment bolt 5, and upper end is provided with for fixed angles position Move the circular hole of the rotating shaft of encoder 706 so that the motion of displacement coder 706 and shank of bolt is consistent.Nut 4 is retreated in pine When dynamic, the bare terminal end coordinated with nut 4 can be along the experiment axial direction outward movment of bolt 5, and optical axis 705 is in linear bearing 704 It is upper to be axially moved, prevent that displacement coder 706 from getting loose with experiment bolt 5.
The application method of the loosening test device of the bolt connection structure comprises the following steps:
S1, the type for determining loosening test;
S2, according to the type of loosening test by upper fixture 1 and lower clamp 2 by upper bare terminal end 101 and lower bare terminal end 201, Or right bare terminal end 103 and left bare terminal end 203 are symmetrically fixed on the upper lower chuck of fatigue tester, and bolt slot is set to weigh mutually Close;
S3, alignment test nut 4 positioned using strip 3 and positioning sliding block 303 according to the type of loosening test;
S4, by testing nut 4 and experiment bolt 5 upper junction plate 102 and lower connecting plate 202 are connected, remove positioning sliding block 303, it is common on experiment nut 4 and experiment bolt 5 that test sensor-based system 7 is installed;
S5, startup fatigue tester carry out loosening test.
The type of loosening test includes eccentric load loosening test, torsional load loosening test, axial alternate load and loosened Experiment and shearing alternate load loosening test.
Upper fixture 1 and lower clamp 2 are passed through by upper bare terminal end 101 and lower bare terminal end 201, or the right side according to the type of loosening test Bare terminal end 103 and left bare terminal end 203 are symmetrically fixed on the upper lower chuck of fatigue tester, and make what bolt slot mutually coincided Method is:
Eccentric load loosening test, torsional load loosening test and axial alternate load loosening test are by the upper of upper fixture 1 The lower bare terminal end 201 of bare terminal end 101 and lower clamp 2 is separately fixed on the upper lower chuck of fatigue tester and keeps it to be located at together One straight line, while making upper junction plate 102 and the bolt slot of lower connecting plate 202 mutually coincide;
Shearing alternate load loosening test distinguishes the left bare terminal end 203 of the right bare terminal end 103 of upper fixture 1 and lower clamp 2 It is fixed on the upper lower chuck of fatigue tester and keeps it to be located at same straight line, while makes upper junction plate 102 and lower connecting plate 202 bolt slot mutually coincides.
It is according to the method that the type of loosening test positions alignment test nut 4 by strip 3 and positioning sliding block 303:
Torsional load loosening test and axial alternate load loosening test are placed on nut 4 is tested on upper junction plate 102, And experiment nut 4 is located at the underface of upper bare terminal end 101 according to graduated scale 304 and scale pointer 8, and slided by two positioning Block 303 is clamped nut 4 is tested;
Eccentric load loosening test by test nut 4 be placed on upper junction plate 102 and with upper bare terminal end 101 just under Side keeps eccentric throw, and is clamped by two positioning sliding blocks 303;
Shearing alternate load loosening test is placed on nut 4 is tested on upper junction plate 102 and positioned at the most right of bolt slot End, and clamped by positioning sliding block 303.
Upper junction plate 102 and lower connecting plate 202 are connected by testing nut 4 and experiment bolt 5, positioning sliding block 303 is removed, The method of common installation test sensor-based system 7 is on experiment nut 4 and experiment bolt 5:
Force snesor 6 is placed on experiment bolt 5, experiment bolt 5 is passed through from the lower section of lower connecting plate 202 by bolt slot The bolt slot of upper junction plate 102 and experiment nut 4, and apply pretightning force, positioning sliding block 303 is removed, passes through nut clamping device 701 clamp assay nuts 4, and use the connection displacement coder 706 of shaft coupling 702 and experiment bolt 5.
The present invention has certain distance when scale pointer 8 and bare terminal end center, that is, tests the axis and fatigue tester of bolt 5 Load apply direction when there is certain eccentric throw, start fatigue tester, pass through the upper grip of fatigue tester and this hair Bright 1 pair of experiment bolt of upper fixture applies the load of setting, you can realize the loosening of the lower bolt connection structure of eccentric load effect Experiment;When scale pointer 8 is just to bare terminal end center, tests load of the axis of bolt 5 just with fatigue tester and apply Plus direction is overlapped, start fatigue tester, applied by the upper grip of fatigue tester and 1 pair of experiment bolt of upper fixture of the present invention Add fixed torsional load (fatigue tester upper grip applies windup-degree) or axial alternate load, you can realize torsional load The loosening test or axial alternate load effect of the lower bolt connection structure of (fatigue tester upper grip applies windup-degree) effect The loosening test of lower bolt connection structure.
The left bare terminal end 203 of lower clamp 2 is fixed on the lower chuck of fatigue tester, while by the right folder of upper fixture 1 End 103 is held to be fixed on the upper grip of fatigue tester;Subsequent operation fatigue testing machine, makes the bolt slot on lower connecting plate 202 With the bolt slot alignment on upper junction plate 102;Bolt 5 will be tested installed in the bottom of bolt slot, start fatigue tester, pass through 1 pair of experiment bolt of the upper grip of fatigue tester and the upper fixture of the present invention applies the shearing alternate load of setting, you can realize Shear the loosening test of bolt connection structure under alternate load effect.
In summary, the present invention only need upper and lower two fixtures can be achieved multi-mode (it is eccentric, reverse, axial alternation and cut Cut alternation) loosening test of the lower bolt connection structure of load effect.Its is simple in construction, easy to operate, cheap, while it is controlled With the high precision of test, test data accurately and reliably, can be convenient and easy to provide with using for the design of bolt connection structure Test basis, so as to more effectively improve the reliability of bolt connection structure.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of loosening test device of bolt connection structure, it is characterised in that:Including upper fixture (1), lower clamp (2) and test Sensor-based system (7);The upper fixture (1) includes upper junction plate (102), is arranged on the positioning pair on the upper junction plate (102) Middle component, and it is separately positioned on the upper junction plate (102) upper end and the upper bare terminal end (101) of right-hand member and right bare terminal end (103);
The lower clamp (2) includes lower connecting plate (202), and is separately positioned on the lower connecting plate (202) lower end and left end Lower bare terminal end (201) and left bare terminal end (203);The upper junction plate (102) on the lower connecting plate (202) with being provided with mutually The bolt slot coincided.
2. the loosening test device of bolt connection structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The positioning centering group Part includes being arranged on the upper junction plate (102) and positioned at the strip (3) of bolt slot both sides;On the every strip (3) It is provided with the outside of some positioning holes (301) and a positioning sliding block (303), the every strip (3) and is provided with graduated scale (304)。
3. the loosening test device of bolt connection structure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The test sensing system System (7) includes displacement coder (706), force snesor (6) and scale pointer (8), and the displacement coder (706) passes through Shaft coupling (702) joint test bolt (5);The force snesor (6) is arranged on the experiment bolt (5);The scale refers to Pin (8) is arranged on the scale pointer at the displacement coder (706) top center and extended on the outside of strip (3) (8)。
4. the loosening test device of bolt connection structure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The positioning sliding block (303) strip (3) is connected by clamping screw (302).
5. the application method of the loosening test device of a kind of bolt connection structure, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1, the type for determining loosening test;
S2, according to the type of loosening test by upper fixture (1) and lower clamp (2) by upper and lower bare terminal end (101,201), or it is left, Right bare terminal end (203,103) is symmetrically fixed on the upper lower chuck of fatigue tester, and bolt slot is mutually coincided;
S3, according to the type of loosening test using strip (3) and positioning sliding block (303) positioning alignment test nut (4);
S4, by testing nut (4) and experiment bolt (5) upper junction plate (102) and lower connecting plate (202) is connected, remove positioning Sliding block (303), it is common on experiment nut (4) and experiment bolt (5) that test sensor-based system (7) is installed;
S5, startup fatigue tester carry out loosening test.
6. the application method of the loosening test device of bolt connection structure according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:It is described The type of loosening test includes eccentric load loosening test, torsional load loosening test, axial alternate load loosening test and cut Cut alternate load loosening test.
7. the application method of the loosening test device of bolt connection structure according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described Upper fixture (1) and lower clamp (2) are passed through by upper and lower bare terminal end (101,201), or left and right clamping according to the type of loosening test End (203,103) is symmetrically fixed on the upper lower chuck of fatigue tester, and the method for making bolt slot mutually coincide is:
Eccentric load loosening test, torsional load loosening test and axial alternate load loosening test are by the upper folder of upper fixture (1) The lower bare terminal end (201) for holding end (101) and lower clamp (2) is separately fixed on the upper lower chuck of fatigue tester and keeps its position In same straight line, while making upper junction plate (102) and the bolt slot of lower connecting plate (202) mutually coincide;
Alternate load loosening test is sheared by the right bare terminal end (103) of upper fixture (1) and the left bare terminal end (203) of lower clamp (2) Be separately fixed on the upper lower chuck of fatigue tester and keep its be located at same straight line, while make upper junction plate (102) and under The bolt slot of connecting plate (202) mutually coincides.
8. the application method of the loosening test device of bolt connection structure according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:It is described It is according to the method that the type of loosening test positions alignment test nut (4) by strip (3) and positioning sliding block (303):
Torsional load loosening test and axial alternate load loosening test will test nut (4) and be placed on upper junction plate (102), And experiment nut (4) is located at the underface of upper bare terminal end (101) according to graduated scale (304) and scale pointer (8), and pass through two Individual positioning sliding block (303) will test nut (4) and clamp;
Eccentric load loosening test will test nut (4) be placed on upper junction plate (102) and with upper bare terminal end (101) just Lower section keeps eccentric throw, and is clamped by two positioning sliding blocks (303);
Shearing alternate load loosening test will test nut (4) and be placed on upper junction plate (102) and positioned at the most right of bolt slot End, and clamped by positioning sliding block (303).
9. the application method of the loosening test device of bolt connection structure according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:It is described Upper junction plate (102) and lower connecting plate (202) are connected by testing nut (4) and experiment bolt (5), positioning sliding block is removed (303), the method for common installation test sensor-based system (7) is on experiment nut (4) and experiment bolt (5):
Force snesor (6) is placed on experiment bolt (5), experiment bolt (5) is passed through into bolt slot below lower connecting plate (202) Through upper junction plate (102) bolt slot and experiment nut (4), and apply pretightning force, remove positioning sliding block (303), pass through spiral shell Female clamping device (701) clamp assay nut (4), and use shaft coupling (702) connection displacement coder (706) and experiment spiral shell Bolt (5).
CN201710288241.4A 2017-04-27 2017-04-27 Looseness test device for bolt connection structure and use method of looseness test device Active CN106940252B (en)

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CN109374248A (en) * 2018-11-29 2019-02-22 北京强度环境研究所 A kind of bolt looseness experimental rig
CN110375977A (en) * 2019-08-16 2019-10-25 江苏天奇氢电装备有限公司 Device and control method with equipment locking detection
CN110441037A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-11-12 西安成立航空制造有限公司 A kind of stubborn de- test fixture of new type nut
CN110702387A (en) * 2019-09-28 2020-01-17 深圳中物智建科技有限公司 Building site tower crane bolt looseness detector
CN111344764A (en) * 2017-11-09 2020-06-26 阿特拉斯·科普柯工具与装配系统有限公司 Bolt joint display device and method
CN114112367A (en) * 2021-12-03 2022-03-01 大连理工大学 Fatigue test device for simulating bolt connection opening and closing effect

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