CN106940219B - A kind of spectral response acquisition methods of broadband satellite remote sensor in orbit - Google Patents
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Abstract
Remote sensor spectral response is to evaluate the call parameter of remote sensor spectrum property, is the key parameter that remote sensor is transformed into the atural object amount of radiation received remote sensing signal, essential in remotely-sensed data quantitative Treatment and application.The present invention theoretically proposes and forms a kind of spectral response acquisition methods independent of laboratory test data and the satellite remote sensor of broadband in orbit of star polishing wax calibration data.The present invention establishes broadband satellite remote sensor spectral response in conjunction with optimized calculation method and resolves model by analysis remote sensor imaging mechanism and road radiation transmission process；It is resolved come analysis model to data demand using object spectrum library and analog image and resolves rule；The resolving sample for meeting Models computed requirement is obtained using synchronous high-spectrum remote sensing, and finally realizes that the mathematics of broadband satellite remote sensor spectral response resolves.
Description
Technical field
" photography that the present invention is a kind of spectral response acquisition methods to broadband satellite remote sensor in orbit, is belonged to
Measurement and remote sensing " in subject " quantitative remote sensing " technical field.
Background technique
As remote sensing and its relevant technologies development reach its maturity, remote sensing application is also quantitative from qualitative trend, and quantitative remote sensing is
The demand and inevitable outcome of remote sensing development.The premise and basis of quantitative remote sensing is the quantification of remotely-sensed data, that is, establishes remote sensor
Quantitative relationship between remote sensing signal and the terrestrial materials reflection of output, the amount of radiation of transmitting only passes through in this process
Energy after the effect of remote sensor spectral response is just finally quantized into remote sensing signal.Therefore, remote sensor spectral response is remote sensor
The atural object amount of radiation received is transformed into the key parameter of remote sensing signal, is the premise and basis of quantitative remote sensing " quantitative ".
In addition, spectral response exists since spectral response is the transformational relation parameter that remote sensor effectively converts projectile energy
The subsequent quantitative inversion of remotely-sensed data and to being also indispensable call parameter in the quantitative analysis of inversion result.
Remote sensor spectral response can only generally carry out precise measurement in laboratory conditions, cannot be direct behind satellite heaven
Precise measurement is carried out, mainly spectral response is carried out by onboard process method and spectral absorbance bands scaling method both methods at present
Monitoring and amendment.Onboard process method be disposed on satellite it is stable, to the special material of spectral absorption or reflection sensitive and set
It is standby, periodic monitoring and amendment are carried out to remote sensor.This method is very high to the performance requirement of onboard process equipment, in practical application
In it is difficult to ensure that precision, and onboard process equipment is expensive, because without being used widely.Before spectral absorption characteristics scaling method
Mentioning is that remote sensor spectral resolution is sufficiently high, less than spectral absorption characteristics of certain particular matters in specific wavelength location,
If oxygen is in the Absorption Characteristics of 760nm, remote sensor is evaluated and corrected by comparing image spectrum feature and intrinsic spectral signature
Spectral response.
For wave band response range is in the broadband satellite remote sensor of 50nm-100nm or so, such as Landsat
The HRV etc. of TM, SPOT satellite cannot use spectral absorption since spectral response range is greater than the spectral absorption characteristics of general substance
Scaling method demarcates spectral response, and way generally used now is to carry out spectrum to remote sensor in laboratory before satellite launch
Calibration, the spectral response of each wave band of precise measurement, it is assumed that satellite before transmission after remote sensor spectral response do not change or
Its variation can be ignored, and the spectral response of experimental determination is directly used.
For broadband satellite remote sensor, it is assumed that its spectral response exists in the indeclinable way of its whole life cycle
Come with some shortcomings in practical application and problem: firstly, in a strict sense it is this assume it is invalid.In fact, satellite launch
Afterwards since the interference of the aging of instrument element and extraneous factor, the performance of remote sensor and sensitivity constantly decay and decline.Secondly,
Under special circumstances, some remote sensors measure its spectral response not before satellite launch comprehensively, strongly limit remotely-sensed data
Quantification processing and application.Therefore, either still it is to the in-orbit monitoring and amendment of broadband satellite remote sensor spectrum property
The satellite in orbit of spectral response does not provide spectral response, it is necessary to seek it is a kind of it is new, independent of laboratory test
Spectral response acquisition methods.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above the deficiencies in the prior art, proposes one kind and does not depend on laboratory test data and star
The broadband satellite remote sensor spectral response acquisition methods of polishing wax calibration data are realized to broadband remote sensor light in orbit
The actual measurement and update of response are composed, solves to only rely on the spectral response before satellite launch in laboratory measurement at present as satellite
The defect and deficiency of unique usable levels in remote sensor whole life cycle.Specific steps of the present invention include:
A. according to remote sensor image-forming principle, determine spectral response between remote sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness and remote sensing images DN value
Energy transmission relationship in conversion process；
B. the curve characteristic that the effect and spectral response according to spectral response in remote sensing signal conversion process have, by it
Be decomposed into Gaussian function form fast varying function and slowly varying function to be asked, establish spectral response physical model and resolving side
Journey；
C. in Philips Smoothing Constraint condition and in above-mentioned steps B, spectral response resolves 2 order derivatives square of solution of equation
Under the conditions of the smallest, synthesis obtains spectral response solution's expression；According to spectral response solution's expression is obtained eventually, using repeatedly
Its optimal solution is calculated for method, which is the spectral response resolving value of remote sensor；
It D. is experimental subjects with known spectra response remote sensor, from library of spectra according to the principle and method of above-mentioned steps A-C
In be chosen at the biggish different object spectrums of difference in remote sensor wavelength band to be resolved；According to radiation transfer equation, simulate
Into above-mentioned C, spectral response resolves the observation sample of equation；By changing equation observation sample condition, observation sample is established in analysis
Correlation and spectral response to be solved between number, observation sample is by discrete number and the final spectrum for resolving acquisition
Inner link between receptance function, and form the priori knowledge that spectral response resolving is carried out using synchronous satellite image；
E. broadband satellite remote sensor satellite image to be resolved, synchronous target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image, synchro measure atmosphere are obtained
Parameter, satellite to be resolved and the observation condition parameter with reference to EO-1 hyperion satellite, according to the priori knowledge obtained in above-mentioned steps D,
Using the method for cross-radiometric calibration, the entrance pupil of remote sensor satellite image to be resolved is calculated using synchronous Hyperspectral imaging
Spoke brightness；It is to resolve sample with the entrance pupil spoke brightness being calculated and remote sensor image DN value to be resolved, according to above-mentioned steps A's
The spectral response of remote sensor to be resolved is calculated in method.
As a kind of calculation method, in above-mentioned steps A-C, it is based on remote sensor image-forming principle, using the method for mathematical optimization
It derives and establishes the spectral response acquisition methods based on synchronous high spectrum image, specific steps include:
1) according to remote sensor image-forming principle, quantifying between remote sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness g (λ) and remote sensing images DN value is established
Functional relation,Remote sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness g (λ) and remote sensor normalizing are contained in the functional relation
Change the integral operation between spectral response s ' (λ)；
2) according to the characteristic of spectral response, by s ' (λ) be decomposed into known Gaussian function form fast varying function h (λ) and
Slowly varying function f (λ) to be asked, i.e. s ' (λ)=h (λ) f (λ)；
3) in summary step 1), 2) in functional relation, obtain spectral response resolve model, Di=AijF+ ε, wherein ε
For error vector, Di=DNiIt is DN value vector,F is the discretization vector of slowly varying function f (λ)；
4) according to Philips Smoothing Constraint condition, making above-mentioned steps 3) obtained spectral response resolves model Di=AijThe solution of f+ ε
2 order derivative quadratic sums it is minimum, model solution Q is obtained by minimum performance function:
Wherein γ is Lagrange smoothing factor, is nonnegative value；
5) it asks Q to the derivative of f, can obtain ,-ATC-1ε+γ Hf=0, wherein CijIt is the element of the covariance matrix C of observation,If mutually indepedent between observation, C is unit matrix；H is smooth matrix；
6) in summary step 4) and 5) gained formula, finally obtaining spectral response solution's expression is f (λ)=(ATC-1A
+γH)-1ATC-1D；
7) using alternative manner calculate above-mentioned steps 6) described in spectral response solution optimal solution.
Further, above-mentioned steps 7) in, include: using the specific steps that iterative method calculates optimal solution
A) meet that Gaussian function is distributed according to remote sensor spectral response general shape it is assumed that determining fast varying functionWherein μ0=(λ2+λ1)/2, σ0=(λ2-λ1)/4, subscript (0) indicate initial value, λ1And λ2Respectively
It is minimum, the maximum wavelength of remote sensor spectral response to be resolved；
B) h(0)(λ) brings formula intoIn calculate the element of A；
C) formula f (λ)=(A is utilizedTC-1A+γH)-1ATC-1D calculates f(1)(λ), subscript (1) indicate to calculate knot for the first time
Fruit；
d)h(1)(λ)=f(1)(λ)h(0)(λ) repeats the above steps b) and c), until obtaining stable solution f(n)(λ), subscript
(n) nth iteration calculated result is indicated, similarly hereinafter；
E) normalization spectral response s ' (λ)=f is finally acquired(n)(λ)h(n)(λ)。
As a kind of calculation method, it is characterised in that in the step D, using and remote sensor satellite synchronization to be resolved or standard
Synchronous EO-1 hyperion satellite image obtains true equation solver sample, solves the ground spectra collection deficiency in satellite synchronization
Problem, specific steps include:
(1) it according to priori knowledge, determines available high-spectrum remote-sensing device, obtains synchronous or plesiochronous with remote sensor to be resolved
Image and remote sensor image to be resolved；And obtain the atmospheric parameter of synchro measure；
(2) it according to the priori knowledge, determines the observation sample number chosen, is obtained from the Hyperspectral imaging of reference same
The spoke brightness value of name atural object, the DN value of atural object of the same name is obtained from remote sensing image to be resolved；
(3) using the synchronous atmospheric parameter obtained and moonscope condition, atmospheric correction is carried out to the spectrum image of reference；
(4) using the synchronous atmospheric parameter obtained and moonscope condition, spoke is carried out to by the spoke brightness of atmospheric correction
It penetrates transmission to calculate, is calculated as the entrance pupil spoke brightness of remote sensor to be resolved；
(5) according to above-mentioned steps 1) -7) or a)-e) the method resolves spectral response, obtain remote sensing to be resolved
The spectral response of device.
Specific embodiment
The spectral response acquisition process of broadband satellite remote sensor is divided into three steps in orbit, and (1) is imaged based on remote sensor
Principle, which is established, resolves model, and derives that solution to model calculates method and steps according to mathematical method；(2) library of spectra data are utilized,
The numerical value for meeting resolving demand is obtained based on road radiation transmission process simulating, is actually resolved by the analysis foundation to analogue data
Priori knowledge；(3) using the EO-1 hyperion satellite image of synchronization, calibration method is determined based on intersecting, and obtains true resolving sample, and
Finally acquire the spectral response of remote sensor to be asked.Three parts work is described as follows:
One, model foundation and derivation
It is based on linear remote sensing system it is assumed that the radiation energy that remote sensor receives is expressed as incident spoke brightness and remote sensor
The function of spectral response, it may be assumed that
Wherein, λ1And λ2Spectral response range, λ1It is minimum value, λ2It is maximum value；G (λ) is that the spoke of remote sensor entrance pupil is bright
Degree；S (λ) remote sensor spectral response.
Since original image provides DN0Value, spoke brightness and DN0Value, and deduct the relationship of the DN value of dark current are as follows:
L=A (DN0- B)=GainDN (2)
Formula 1 is substituted into 2 and is obtained:
Since calibration coefficient Gain is a Fixed constant, since the spectral response of remote sensor will usually be done at normalization
Reason, constant Gain do not influence normalized spectral response, therefore,
It enablesTo normalize spectral response, formula 3 can be rewritten are as follows:
Be conducive to calculate s ' (λ) if s ' (λ) meets the distribution of certain function.It is well known that for high spectral resolution
For wave band, spectral response approximate can be replaced with Gaussian function, for broadband satellite remote sensor, spectral response
S ' (λ) has Gaussian function distribution characteristics, but functional form is larger with wavelength change, is easy if carrying out inverting according to Gaussian function
Lead to the unstable of solution.For this purpose, broadband satellite remote sensor spectral response s ' (λ) is decomposed into known Gaussian function form
Fast varying function h (λ) and slowly varying function f (λ) to be asked, i.e. s ' (λ)=h (λ) f (λ), then equation 4 becomes:
Equation 5 can then be write as linear equation, i.e. spectral response resolves model:
D=Af+ ε (6)
Wherein ε is error vector；
Di=DNi, i=1,2,3 ..., p, p are i-th of DN values, and p is observation sample (the image DN value for participating in operation
Number).
J=1,2,3 ..., q, q are broadband satellite remote sensor spectral responses by discrete number；F is slowly varying function f
The vector of (λ) discretization；
For equation 6, if directly by minimizing error vectorF is solved, since f can only be by discrete to be limited
Several unknown numbers, in addition there is also certain correlations between observation sample g, so causing the solution of f unstable, cannot be satisfied with
Solution.Philips introduces Smoothing Constraint condition, and solution Q expression is obtained under the conditions of the 2 order derivative quadratic sums that equation 6 solves are the smallest
Formula:
Wherein γ is Lagrange smoothing factor, is nonnegative value.
It asks Q to the derivative of f, can obtain:
-ATC-1ε+γ Hf=0 (9)
CijIt is the element of the covariance matrix C of observation,If mutually indepedent between observation, C is single
Bit matrix；H is smooth matrix, form are as follows:
The solution that joint equation 8 and 9 can obtain f is
F (λ)=(ATC-1A+γH)-1ATC-1D (11)
Equation 11 is resolved using alternative manner, the specific steps are as follows:
A) meet that Gaussian function is distributed according to remote sensor spectral response general shape it is assumed that determining fast varying function h(0)(λ)
In formula:
μ0=(λ2+λ1)/2,
σ0=(λ2-λ1)/4
B) h(0)(λ) brings in formula 7 element for calculating A into, and subscript (0) indicates initial value；
C) f is calculated using formula 11(1)(λ), subscript (1) indicate first time calculated result；
d)h(1)(λ)=f(1)(λ)h(0)(λ), repeat the above steps b, c, until obtaining stable solution f(n)(λ), subscript (n) table
Show n-th calculated result；
E) spectral response s ' (λ)=f is finally acquired(n)(λ)h(n)(λ)。
Two, Models computed priori knowledge obtains
Due to resolving, there are certain correlations between observation sample in model, and are limited to the spectrum point of high spectrum image
Resolution, continuous wide-band spectrum response can only discrete be limited several values, and therefore, resolving model is one ill, though
Right calculation method uses optimization algorithm, but still cannot completely eliminate ill effect, and therefore, solution to model calculates the elder generation of sample
Knowledge is tested with regard to particularly important.The present invention uses library of spectra data, is based on radiation transfer equation, and simulation obtains remote sensor to be resolved
The brightness of entrance pupil spoke and image DN value, by adjusting between observation sample number, observation sample SPECTRAL DIVERSITY, spectral response by from
Scattered number obtains the priori knowledge of Models computed.Specific step is as follows:
It 1) is experimental subjects with known spectra response remote sensor；
2) from being chosen at the biggish different object spectrums of difference in remote sensor wavelength band to be resolved in library of spectra；
3) according to radiation transfer equation, simulation obtains the remote sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness number to be resolved under certain image-forming condition
With output image DN value, the i.e. observation sample of equation solver；
4) discrete by changing correlation, spectral response to be solved between equation observation sample number, observation sample
Number, by comparing analyze mathematics resolve spectral response and known spectra response between difference, establish spectral response and exist
Correlation, spectral response to be solved between observation sample number, observation sample is by the priori knowledge of discrete three aspect of number；
Three, real spectrum response resolved data obtains
Since the observation sample number that spectral response resolves is more than by the unknown number number of discrete spectral response, sample is observed
This acquisition should be the ground spectrum with remote sensor image synchronization to be resolved, it is contemplated that be difficult in practical applications in satellite mistake
Enough simultaneous observation spectrum is obtained when top.For this purpose, present invention proposition utilizes and the high-spectrum remote-sensing figure of satellite synchronization to be resolved
Picture determines calibration method using intersecting, remote sensor image entrance pupil spoke brightness to be resolved is obtained from high spectrum image.Specific steps are such as
Under:
1) it according to the priori knowledge of Models computed, determines available high-spectrum remote-sensing device, obtains and remote sensor to be resolved is same
Step or quasi synchronous image and remote sensor image to be resolved；And obtain the atmospheric parameter of synchro measure；
2) according to the priori knowledge of Models computed, the observation sample number chosen is determined, from the Hyperspectral imaging of reference
The spoke brightness value for obtaining atural object of the same name obtains the DN value of atural object of the same name from remote sensing image to be resolved；
3) using the synchronous atmospheric parameter obtained and moonscope condition, atmospheric correction is carried out to the spectrum image of reference；
4) it using the synchronous atmospheric parameter obtained and moonscope condition, is radiated to by the spoke brightness of atmospheric correction
Transmission calculates, and is calculated as the entrance pupil spoke brightness of remote sensor to be resolved；
5) the step of resolving model according to spectral response row resolves, and obtains the spectral response of remote sensor to be resolved.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of spectral response acquisition methods of broadband satellite remote sensor in orbit, which is characterized in that independent of satellite
Star polishing wax calibration data after laboratory test data and satellite launch before transmitting, using satellite itself and synchronous image and
Observation condition parameter obtains satellite remote sensor spectral response to calculate, and realizes to broadband remote sensor spectral response in orbit
Actual measurement and update, specifically includes the following steps:
A. according to remote sensor image-forming principle, determine that spectral response is converted between remote sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness and remote sensing images DN value
Energy transmission relationship in the process；
B. the curve characteristic that the effect and spectral response according to spectral response in remote sensing signal conversion process have, is decomposed
Fast varying function and slowly varying function to be asked for Gaussian function form establish the physical model of spectral response and resolve equation；
C. in Philips Smoothing Constraint condition and in above-mentioned steps B, spectral response resolves 2 order derivative quadratic sums of solution of equation most
Under conditions of small, synthesis obtains spectral response solution's expression；According to spectral response solution's expression is obtained eventually, using iteration side
Method calculates its optimal solution, which is the spectral response resolving value of remote sensor；
D. according to the principle and method of above-mentioned A-C, it is experimental subjects with known spectra response remote sensor, is chosen from library of spectra
The biggish different object spectrums of difference in remote sensor wavelength band to be resolved；According to radiation transfer equation, simulation obtains above-mentioned
Spectral response resolves the observation sample of equation in step C；By changing equation observation sample condition, observation sample is established in analysis
Correlation and spectral response to be solved between number, observation sample are rung by discrete number and the final spectrum obtained that resolves
The inner link between function is answered, and forms the priori knowledge for carrying out spectral response resolving using synchronous satellite image；
E. obtain broadband satellite remote sensor satellite image to be resolved, synchronous target in hyperspectral remotely sensed image, synchro measure atmospheric parameter,
The observation condition parameter of satellite to be resolved and reference EO-1 hyperion satellite, according to the priori knowledge obtained in above-mentioned D, using intersection spoke
It penetrates and determines calibration method, the entrance pupil spoke brightness of remote sensor satellite image to be resolved is calculated using synchronous Hyperspectral imaging；With
The entrance pupil spoke brightness being calculated and remote sensor image DN value to be resolved are to resolve sample, are calculated according to the method for above-mentioned steps A
Obtain the spectral response of remote sensor to be resolved.
2. the spectral response acquisition methods of the satellite remote sensor of broadband in orbit according to claim 1, feature exist
In the step A-C, it is based on remote sensor image-forming principle, is established using the method derivation of mathematical optimization a kind of based on synchronization
The spectral response acquisition methods of high spectrum image, specific steps include:
1) according to remote sensor image-forming principle, the quantitative function between remote sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness g (λ) and remote sensing images DN value is established
Relationship,Remote sensor entrance pupil spoke brightness g (λ) is contained in the functional relation and remote sensor normalizes
Spectral response s'(λ) between integral operation；
2) according to the characteristic of spectral response, s'(λ) is decomposed into the fast varying function h (λ) of known Gaussian function form and wait ask
Slowly varying function f (λ), i.e. s'(λ)=h (λ) f (λ)；
3) in summary step 1), 2) in functional relation, obtain spectral response resolve model, Di=AijF+ ε, wherein ε is to miss
Difference vector, Di=DNiIt is DN value vector,F is the discretization vector of slowly varying function f (λ)；
4) according to Philips Smoothing Constraint condition, the above-mentioned spectral response 3) obtained is made to resolve model Di=Aij2 ranks of f+ ε solution
Derivative quadratic sum is minimum, and model solution Q is obtained by minimizing performance functionIts
Middle γ is Lagrange smoothing factor, is nonnegative value；
5) it asks Q to the derivative of f, can obtain ,-ATC-1ε+γ Hf=0, wherein CijIt is the element of the covariance matrix C of observation,If mutually indepedent between observation, C is unit matrix；H is smooth matrix；
6) in summary step 4) and 5) gained formula, finally obtaining spectral response solution's expression is f=(ATC-1A+γH)- 1ATC-1D；
7) using alternative manner calculate above-mentioned steps 6) described in spectral response solution optimal solution.
3. the spectral response acquisition methods of the satellite remote sensor of broadband in orbit according to claim 2, feature exist
In in the step 7), using iterative method calculating optimal solution, specific steps include:
A) meet that Gaussian function is distributed according to remote sensor spectral response general shape it is assumed that determining fast varying functionWherein μ0=(λ2+λ1)/2, σ0=(λ2-λ1)/4, subscript (0) indicate initial value, λ1And λ2Respectively
It is minimum, the maximum wavelength of remote sensor spectral response to be resolved；
B) h(0)(λ) brings formula intoIn calculate the element of A；
C) formula f (λ)=(A is utilizedTC-1A+γH)-1ATC-1D calculates f(1)(λ), subscript (1) indicate first time calculated result；
d)h(1)(λ)=f(1)(λ)h(0)(λ) repeats the above steps b) and c), until obtaining stable solution f(n)(λ), subscript (n) table
Show nth iteration calculated result, similarly hereinafter；
E) normalization spectral response s'(λ is finally acquired)=f(n)(λ)h(n)(λ)。
4. the spectral response acquisition methods of the satellite remote sensor of broadband in orbit according to claim 3, feature exist
In, in the step E, using and the EO-1 hyperion satellite image of remote sensor satellite synchronization to be resolved obtain true equation solver sample
This, solves the problems, such as that the ground spectra collection deficiency in satellite synchronization, specific steps include:
1) according to priori knowledge, determine available high-spectrum remote-sensing device, obtain the image synchronous with remote sensor to be resolved and to
Resolve remote sensor image；And obtain the atmospheric parameter of synchro measure；
2) it according to the priori knowledge, determines the observation sample number chosen, is obtained of the same namely from the Hyperspectral imaging of reference
The spoke brightness value of object obtains the DN value of atural object of the same name from remote sensing image to be resolved；
3) atmospheric parameter and moonscope condition are obtained using synchronous, atmospheric correction is carried out to reference spectra image；
4) using the synchronous atmospheric parameter obtained and moonscope condition, radiation transmission is carried out to by the spoke brightness of atmospheric correction
It calculates, is calculated as the entrance pupil spoke brightness of remote sensor to be resolved；
5) spectral response is resolved according to Claims 2 or 3 the method step, the spectrum for obtaining remote sensor to be resolved is rung
It answers.
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| CN108226059B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2020-05-15 | 毕研盟 | Satellite hyperspectral CO2On-orbit radiation calibration method for detector |
| CN109657081B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2022-09-13 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Distributed processing method, system and medium for hyperspectral satellite remote sensing data |
| CN111563962B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2024-01-26 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Remote sensing image simulation method based on geometric radiation integrated sampling |
| CN116306819B (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2024-05-03 | 大连海事大学 | Hyperspectral cross calibration method and device based on spectrum reconstruction and electronic equipment |
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