CN106936403A - A kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure - Google Patents
A kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN106936403A CN106936403A CN201710191942.6A CN201710191942A CN106936403A CN 106936403 A CN106936403 A CN 106936403A CN 201710191942 A CN201710191942 A CN 201710191942A CN 106936403 A CN106936403 A CN 106936403A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
- H03H7/06—Frequency selective two-port networks including resistors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure, from signal input to output, set gradually input port, input matching circuit, main transmission line, output matching circuit, output port, metal ground layer under medium substrate sets the DGS of loading resistor, amplitude equalizer of the invention has that ultra wide band, size be small, simple structure characteristic, it is easy to make and mass produces, is worth popularization in the field of business.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave and millimeter wave integrated technology field, and in particular to a kind of ultra wide band width based on defect ground structure
Degree balanced device.
Background technology
Balanced device mainly applies in modern radar electronic warfare, and it is connected to high power travelling wave tube input or output end, rises
The effect of gain balance (amplitude equalizer) or phase equalization (phase equalizer).Key be how the unnecessary microwave of selective absorbing
Energy, while not allowing energy to be reflected back input port.For the amplitude equalizer using resonance structure energy absorption, to expire
The former needs correctly to set resonance structure and absorbing material foot, and to meet the latter's needs has good input in whole frequency range
Output matching.
The technical indicator of amplitude equalizer.1st, amplitude equalizer transfer curve should be transmitted just with travelling-wave tube amplifier
Characteristic curve is complementary, therefore requirement has the accuracy of equalization higher；2nd, the transfer curve of system substantially parabolically type, therefore require
Equal master output weighing instrument structure has the transfer curve of falling bell；3rd, system gain passband fluctuation is big, therefore equilibrium quantity (S (2,
1)) it is likely less than -10dB in some frequencies；4th, in order to avoid energy reflects, it is desirable to which standing-wave ratio (VSWR) is smaller；If the 5, system
Pass band, it is desirable to which amplitude equalizer has broadband character；6th, in addition, as the device space is increasingly crowded, it is desirable to Gu
State device has small volume, lightweight, good reliability, is easy to the characteristic such as integrated.
The way of realization of current amplitude equalizer.It is roughly divided into two kinds：First, the lossless equalising network of isolator is used so that
The energy that balanced device is reflected is derived by isolator；2nd, using there is consumption equalising network, by can energy absorption resonator,
Match circuit, main transmission line composition.Resonator selects frequency, resistance or absorbing material energy absorption, match circuit regulation standing wave
Than.Easily it is made very small using the amplitude equalizer standing-wave ratio of the lossless equalising network of isolator, however it is necessary that design isolator, body
Product is larger, and is unfavorable for that circuit is integrated, and broadband isolator is realized difficult；Using the amplitude equalizer for having consumption equalising network in microwave
Millimeter wave field is widely used, various informative, there is a) lumped parameter type, b) waveguide type and coaxial type (stereo circuit), c) it is integrated
Transmission line type (planar circuit).
A) lumped parameter type amplitude equalizer, component is limited by parasitic parameter, is unsuitable to apply to high band；
B) stereo circuit amplitude equalizer, main transmission line can be waveguide or coaxial, and resonator can be waveguide or coaxial
Resonator.Energy on main transmission line is coupled by hole or probe is coupled into resonator, has absorbing material to absorb energy in chamber
Amount.Such amplitude equalizer adjustable damping scope is big, and the regulation free degree is high, and the power capacity for bearing is big, but volume is big, structure is multiple
Miscellaneous, mechanical stability is poor, design and difficulty of processing are big；
C) planar circuit amplitude equalizer, main transmission line can be the integrated transmission such as microstrip line, strip line, co-planar waveguide
Line, resonator is constituted using open circuit or the resonance minor matters of short circuit, and the resistor loaded of energy absorption is in resonance minor matters, or resonance
At the gap of minor matters and main transmission line.The resonance minor matters length of such amplitude equalizer is inversely proportional with working frequency, single resonance
The equilibrium quantity of minor matters is smaller.
In sum, the resonator for having the amplitude equalizer of consumption equalising network is carried in bypass, by the energy on main transmission line
Amount absorbs in being coupled to resonator, and coupling amount is largely dependent upon coupled structure.Stereo circuit is bulky, and structure is multiple
It is miscellaneous, inconvenience debugging；And planar circuit resonance minor matters length is directly proportional to wavelength, microwave frequency low side size is larger；Single resonance
The narrow bandwidth of minor matters, resistance absorption finite energy.
Defect ground structure (DGS, Defected Ground Structure) is etched on microstrip line metal ground plate
Figure, to upset CURRENT DISTRIBUTION on earth plate, so as to change the distributed inductance and distribution capacity of microstrip line, shows Slow-wave effect
And broad stop-band.Microwave device can obtain miniaturization and the high-performance that routine techniques cannot be realized with DGS, with construction
It is compact, the advantages of make simple, small volume, present DGS has been applied to the high performance antenna of small size, resonator, oscillator, filter
Ripple device, power splitter, coupler, amplifier.
The present invention is that have the one kind in consumption equalising network planar circuit amplitude equalizer, and the band-stop response using DGS replaces
Traditional resonator, resistance is loaded directly into absorb excess energy on DGS.The equivalent circuit of this structure is also and traditional structure
Difference, small volume and with good broadband character.
With in the similar prior art of the present invention and shortcoming
Minor matters resonance microstrip type amplitude equalizer is shown in planar circuit amplitude equalizer for the most frequently used, by changing resonance minor matters
Size, shape, number, open circuit or short circuit curve, main transmission line match circuit etc., various structures can be developed out.This knot
The resonator of structure is made up of by microstrip line resonance minor matters.Recently also there is a small amount of document report, in traditional planar circuit amplitude
DGS is additionally introduced in balanced device can change the characteristic impedance of main transmission line, improve equilibrium quantity and bandwidth such that it is able to significant, such as
Dumbbell shape or " C " type DGS are introduced in metal ground plane.After DGS is removed, be still one has complete function to this structure
Amplitude equalizer, the DGS for additionally introducing is to improve the characteristic of original amplitude equalizer.This method substantially still passes through
It is carried in the resonance minor matters by microstrip line and constitutes resonator, resonator is in parallel with main transmission line.
Shortcoming one：Traditional planar circuit amplitude equalizer wavelength is directly proportional to resonance minor matters size, microwave frequency low side
Resonance minor matters are more long, resonance minor matters fold and may closely there is very much energy coupling because of distance；
Shortcoming two：The single resonator energy absorption of traditional planar circuit amplitude equalizer is smaller and bandwidth of operation is narrow；
Shortcoming three：DGS is loaded according to traditional planar circuit amplitude equalizer, DGS and original resonator are deposited simultaneously
Field distribution is relative complex, it is difficult to theory analysis, and debugging is difficult.
The content of the invention
The present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure, it is characterised in that defeated including dielectric substrate (8), input
The DGS of exit port, input and output matching circuit, main transmission line (5) and loading resistor；The input/output port includes input
Mouth (1), output port (7)；The input and output matching circuit is located at the signals layer of dielectric substrate (8), including input matching electricity
Road (2), output matching circuit (6)；One end of the main transmission line (5) is connected by input matching circuit (2) with input port (1)
Connect, the other end of one end of main transmission line (5) is connected by output matching circuit (6) with output port (7)；The loading resistor
DGS be located at the amplitude equalizer dielectric substrate (8) under metal ground layer, the resistance for being loaded be located at DGS on.
The DGS of the loading resistor can be one or more loading resistor " I " types, " C " type, " H " type, " E " type,
" L " type, dumbbell shape, spiral inductance type DGS, DGS are located at metal ground layer, and number is no less than 1, and DGS sizes of the same race can be with difference.
The DGS of the loading resistor include " I " type DGS mono- (3), be placed on " I " type DGS mono- (3) resistance R ' (10),
" I " type DGS bis- (4), the resistance R (9) being placed on " I " type DGS bis- (4), " I " type DGS numbers length and width, inside edge distance,
Resistance value need to be determined by the working frequency and performance requirement that give, can be changed.
The service band scope of the amplitude equalizer is 12-40GHz, and maximum equilibrium quantity reaches 15dB, and return loss is better than
16dB, VSWR<1.35.
Input and output matching circuit can share a circuit.
Problem to be solved by this invention：
1st, traditional plane amplitude equalizer is using equilibrium quantity caused by energy coupling mechanism is smaller, single resonator work
Make the narrow problem of frequency band；
2nd, plane amplitude equalizer additionally loads DGS, causes because DGS and original resonator have change in the instantaneous impedance simultaneously
The difficult problem of complex structure, debugging.
Main innovation point of the present invention：
DGS is set in microstrip transmission line metal ground layer, traditional resonator is instead of using its own broad stop-band
Function, expanded bandwidth, and simple structure, small volume；Resistance is loaded directly on DGS, resistance is equivalent to and is directly connected
On main transmission line, equilibrium quantity is improve.
Beneficial effect of the present invention：
Simple structure of the present invention and bandwidth.From the complete skill scheme and structure (see photo) introduced below, this
Invention with simple structure, small volume, be easy to the characteristic debugging and process, structure can be as simple as by a main transmission line and two
The gap composition of individual loading resistor, area is 8 × 8mm2.Should in the extremely high military affairs of design, research and development, production, testing cost
It is simple structure, easy to process and be easy to debugging characteristic and can be substantially reduced cost, reduce the production cycle with field；Small size can be
Crowded electronic equipment provides more using space.Excellent performance is mainly reflected in ultrabroad band characteristic, embodiment table
Bright such amplitude equalizer has had 4 octave bandwidths, realizes all standing to Ku, K, Ka wave band, adjusted design size and
More wide-band (also can to a certain extent reduce frequency bandwidth certainly) can be operated in using multistage DGS.It is special with ultrabroad band
Property resonator design be typically difficult point, it is and indispensable with communications field band amplitude balanced device in ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADAR, this
Class amplitude equalizer provides a kind of simple and feasible method for the design of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer, so being worth extensive raw
Produce, be worth popularization in the field of business.
Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS, High Frequency Structure Simulator) is to the complete of threedimensional model
Ripple emulation confirms that the amplitude equalizer of a specific embodiment of the invention can be operated in Ku, K, Ka wave band (12-40GHz), in clock
Type transfer curve, maximum equilibrium quantity reaches 15dB, and return loss is better than 16dB, VSWR<1.35, in the bandwidth of 4 octaves
Preferable characteristic, 8 × 8mm of area are achieved in degree2.And pass through to change design parameter and increase DGS quantity that work can be changed
Centre frequency and bandwidth, wherein DGS sizes mainly determine centre frequency, and resistance mainly determines equilibrium quantity, standing-wave ratio and many ginsengs
Number is relevant, can be significantly improved by from mating structure.
For problem 1, this programme introduces DGS in microstrip line amplitude equalizer, and reason is to introduce DGS to effectively reduce
Device volume.DGS has the bandwidth of operation of non-constant width in itself, and bandwidth can be expanded according to multistage DGS；
For problem 2, this programme will absorb the resistive arrangement of RF energy on DGS.DGS has broad stop-band, therefore
Traditional resonator can be substituted, it is not necessary to which, while designing resonance minor matters in signals layer, simple structure, debugging is convenient.
Therefore the present invention it is main by main transmission line, input/output port, input and output matching circuit, loading resistor DGS groups
Into as shown in Figure 1.Whole circuit is using microstrip design into planar circuit, and microwave signal is defeated from 50 ohm of standard microstrip
Inbound port enters, and is transmitted on main transmission line after carrying out impedance conversion through input matching circuit, and main transmission line line width is according to power
Capacity and other technical indicators it needs to be determined that.Metal ground part under main transmission line is hollowed out (i.e. DGS), causes main transmission line point
Cloth electric capacity and inductance change, and this structure can be with the effect of substitutive patterns micro-band resonance minor matters, with frequency selective characteristic
And broadband character.The loading resistor on DGS, because DGS destroys electric current of the main transmission line on metal ground, this structure is equivalent to electricity
Resistance is directly connected on main transmission line, and microwave energy can be significantly absorbed when resistance is located at the maximum position of surface current.When
Energy is transferred to when herein, and the signal of different frequency is different by resistance absorption amount, forms the transfer curve of falling bell.Afterwards
After microwave signal carries out impedance conversion by output matching circuit, exported through 50 ohm of standard microstrip output ports, input
Can effectively improve standing-wave ratio with circuit and output matching circuit.Found during constantly artificial debugging, by adjusting DGS
Size and resistance sizes can improve standing-wave ratio in frequency range very wide, and improving micro-strip main transmission line line width can weaken introducing
Effect is increased in the characteristic impedance that DGS structures are caused, and the method can solve the problem of Broadband Matching, therefore input and output matching circuit is not
Must have.
Preferably, the plane amplitude equalizer is using microstrip transmission line realization, simple structure, it is easy to process；
Preferably, the plane amplitude equalizer dielectric substrate uses individual layer Al2O3Al2O3Ceramic substrate, it has larger
Dielectric constant, device volume can be reduced；
Preferably, the input/output port uses 50 ohm of standard microstrips, is easy to be connected with other devices；
Preferably, the DGS uses " I " type DGS, altogether containing two-stage " I " type DGS, under main transmission line.Each " I "
Type DGS is equal in magnitude, and main transmission line is classified as symmetrical two parts.Each " I " type DGS has broad stop-band, and
Debugging is convenient, and two-stage " I " type DGS can expand bandwidth；
Preferably, the resistance uses TaN film resistors, is carried in " I " type DGS middle parts (immediately below main transmission line), two
Individual resistance sizes need setting according to emulation.Resistance sizes influence standing-wave ratio and equilibrium quantity, and resistance value is bigger, and equilibrium quantity is bigger.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer three-dimensional structure diagram based on defect ground structure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of A-A ' directions sectional view along Fig. 1 of the ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of plane where main transmission line in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the DGS places plane of loading resistor in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the HFSS simulation results of a specific embodiment S parameter in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the HFSS simulation results of the input vswr of a specific embodiment in the present invention.
Description of reference numerals：1st, input port；2nd, input matching circuit；3rd, " I " type DGS mono-；4th, " I " type DGS bis-；5th, it is main
Transmission line；6th, output matching circuit；7th, output port；8th, dielectric substrate；9th, resistance R；10th, resistance R '.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
As Figure 1-4, it is the ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure of the invention, including main transmission line 5, defeated
Enter the DGS of output port, input and output matching circuit, loading resistor.Main transmission line 5 is to be located at the micro-strip on dielectric substrate 8
Transmission line.Input/output port includes input port 1, output port 7, respectively positioned at the input and output end of device.Input
Output matching circuit (inessential structure) includes input matching circuit 2, output matching circuit 6, and input matching circuit 2 is located at input
Between port 1 and main transmission line 5, for improving input vswr；Output matching circuit 6 is located at main transmission line 5 and output port 7
Between, for improving output VSWR.The DGS of loading resistor includes " I " type DGS mono- 3, resistance R ' 10, " I " type DGS 24, electricity
Resistance R9, immediately below main transmission line 5, under dielectric substrate 8." I " type DGS 1 and " I " type DGS 24 are in microstrip line
The elongate slot dug in metal ground layer, resistance R ' 10 and resistance R 9 is connected on " I " type DGS 1 and " I " type DGS 24 respectively.
Make detailed with the specific embodiment ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure a kind of to the present invention below
Explanation, further to show advantages of the present invention：In the present embodiment, total transmission line uses microstrip line, medium base
Piece uses individual layer Al2O3Al2O3Ceramic substrate, thickness is h=0.254mm.Input port 1 and the microstrip line line width w0 of output port 7
=0.25mm, the line width w0=0.65mm, l0=1mm long of middle main transmission line 5.DGS uses two-stage " I " type DGS, positioned at metal
Stratum." I " type DGS 1 is as the size of " I " type defect ground structure 24, and on Rectangular Enclosure with Participating Media substrate two symmetry axis pair
Claim, gap l1=3.4mm long, w1=0.24mm wide, both inside edges are apart from d=0.85mm.Resistance R ' 10 and resistance R 9 are adopted
It is connected on respectively in the middle of " I " type DGS 1 and the gaps of " I " type DGS 24 with ceramic resistor, the letter in closure and main transmission line 5
Number transmission direction is consistent, and resistance value size is respectively R '=50 ohm, R=200 ohm.Based on this structure snd size, standing-wave ratio
Very well, therefore input matching circuit 2 and output matching circuit 6 are not designed in signals layer.Fig. 5-6 gives this embodiment
HFSS three-dimensional full-wave simulation results, it can be seen that standing-wave ratio, return loss, equilibrium quantity are all very good.
What deserves to be explained is：The line width of main transmission line 5 is set must be more wider than 50 ohm lines, can effectively improve standing-wave ratio；
Input matching circuit 2 and output matching circuit 6 are various informative, can borrow the matching process of microwave/radio circuit, are not necessarily intended to set
Meter can also save input and output matching circuit in the case where standing-wave ratio is good in signals layer；The DGS of loading resistor is located at metal
Stratum, DGS can have various, such as " I " type, " C " type, dumbbell shape, spiral inductance type, " H " type, " E " type, " L " type, and can mix makes
With can also use multistage DGS.Resistance value and placement location are different because of DGS, on the premise of meeting processing and installing, should make width
Degree equalizer performance is optimal.
A kind of course of work of the ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure of the present invention is：Microwave signal is from input
The feed-in of port 1, transmits after carrying out impedance conversion through input matching circuit 2 on main transmission line 5.DGS under main transmission line is (i.e. real
4) " I " the type DGS 1 and " I " type DGS 2 applied in example make main transmission line distribution capacity and inductance change, and instead of plane
The effect of micro-band resonance minor matters, with frequency selective characteristic and broadband character.Resistance R ' 10 and resistance R 9 are connected on " I " respectively
In the middle of type DGS 1 and the gaps of " I " type DGS 24, because DGS changes electric current of the main transmission line 5 in metal ground, equivalent resistance
To be directly connected on main transmission line 5, therefore equilibrium quantity increases as resistance value increases in whole frequency range, is just put down with traditional
Face type amplitude equalizer is opposite.The riding position for knowing resistance R ' 10 and resistance R 9 by simulation result just corresponds to 25GHz signals
Voltage wave node, this frequency signal surface current is maximum, and corresponding equilibrium quantity is maximum, as signal frequency is gradually distance from resonance
The heart, energy absorption also weakens successively.Because the broad stop-band of DGS, therefore the transmission characteristic of falling bell can be formed in very broadband
Curve.After microwave signal carries out impedance conversion by output matching circuit 6, exported through output port 7.
A kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure that the present invention is provided, the gold under micro-strip main transmission line
Possession layer makes DGS, and resistance is loaded directly on DGS, serves the effect of resonator in original amplitude equalizer, with super
Broadband, the characteristic of simple structure.Emulation of the HFSS to threedimensional model confirms that the structure can be operated in 12-40GHz, bandwidth of operation
Across Ku, K, Ka wave band, maximum equilibrium quantity is better than 15dB, and return loss is better than 16dB, and input vswr is less than 1.35, and size is
8×8mm2.Compared with existing plane amplitude equalizer, the present invention extends bandwidth, is constantly shrinking, and simple structure,
For the design of miniaturization amplitude equalizer provides new method.Structure of the invention is easy to make and mass produces, and is worth
Popularization in the field of business.
It should be understood that these embodiments are only illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.In addition, it is to be understood that
After the content that the present invention tells about has been read, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, these
The equivalent form of value equally falls within the application appended claims limited range.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure, it is characterised in that including dielectric substrate (8), input and output
The DGS of port, input and output matching circuit, main transmission line (5) and loading resistor；The input/output port includes input port
(1), output port (7)；The input and output matching circuit is located at the signals layer of dielectric substrate (8), including input matching circuit
(2), output matching circuit (6)；One end of the main transmission line (5) is connected by input matching circuit (2) with input port (1)
Connect, the other end of main transmission line (5) is connected by output matching circuit (6) with output port (7)；The DGS of the loading resistor
Metal ground layer under the dielectric substrate (8) of the amplitude equalizer, the resistance for being loaded is connected under DGS.
2. a kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described plus
The DGS for carrying resistance can be one or more loading resistor " I " type, " C " type, " H " type, " E " type, " L " type, dumbbell shape, spiral shells
Rotation inductive type DGS, DGS are located at metal ground layer, and number is no less than 1, and DGS sizes of the same race can be with difference.
3. a kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that institute
Stating the DGS of loading resistor includes " I " type DGS mono- (3), resistance R ' (10), " I " the type DGS bis- being placed on " I " type DGS mono- (3)
(4), it is placed on the resistance R (9) on " I " type DGS bis- (4), " I " type DGS numbers length and width, inside edge distance, resistance value need to be by
Given working frequency and performance requirement determine, can change.
4. a kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the amplitude
The service band scope of balanced device is 12-40GHz, and maximum equilibrium quantity reaches 15dB, and return loss is better than 16dB, VSWR<1.35.
5. a kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that input is defeated
Going out match circuit can share a circuit.
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| CN201710191942.6A CN106936403A (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2017-03-28 | A kind of ultra wide band amplitude equalizer based on defect ground structure |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110784187A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Adjustable amplitude equalizer based on SIR structure |
| CN112002975A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-27 | 电子科技大学 | Miniaturized equalizer based on double-helix resonator and defected ground structure |
| CN112652873A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-13 | 北京工业大学 | Design of fan-shaped microstrip line decoupling circuit |
| CN112701432A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-23 | 电子科技大学 | Substrate integrated waveguide equalizer based on wave-absorbing material |
| CN114744388A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-12 | 电子科技大学 | Grounded coplanar waveguide spiral line defected ground structure gain equalizer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110784187A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Adjustable amplitude equalizer based on SIR structure |
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| CN114744388A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-12 | 电子科技大学 | Grounded coplanar waveguide spiral line defected ground structure gain equalizer |
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Application publication date: 20170707 |