CN106936054B - A method of the narrow band terahertz band wave based on sub-wavelength waveguide generates and detection - Google Patents
A method of the narrow band terahertz band wave based on sub-wavelength waveguide generates and detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN106936054B CN106936054B CN201710345527.1A CN201710345527A CN106936054B CN 106936054 B CN106936054 B CN 106936054B CN 201710345527 A CN201710345527 A CN 201710345527A CN 106936054 B CN106936054 B CN 106936054B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of narrow band terahertz band wave producer and detection based on sub-wavelength waveguide, and its object is to solve the prior art efficiently to excite problem existing for THz wave using collinear phase matching.The scheme of use is: using sub-wavelength waveguide ferroelectric material as terahertz radiation source, the femto-second laser pulse for allowing laser to generate focuses on sub-wavelength waveguide side, generates terahertz pulse by impulsive stimulated Raman scattering;Under sub-wavelength waveguide effect, the phase matched of long range is met between the THz wave and femtosecond laser of specific wavelength, generates the THz wave of narrowband, amplification;Terahertz time-domain transient state spectrum is obtained by phase contrast imaging;Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to it using relevant calculation software on computer, the narrow band terahertz band wave frequency spectrum amplified.The present invention has the characteristics that device simply easily manipulation, THz wave narrow bandwidth and high-efficient, and the sensitivity and precision of detection can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to THz wave generation technology field, in particular to a kind of narrow band terahertz band based on sub-wavelength waveguide
Wave generates and the method for detection.
Background technique
THz wave frequency range be between microwave and infrared ray, i.e. 0.1THz to 10THz, corresponding wavelength from 3 millimeters to
30 microns.Due to its locating specific position in electromagnetic spectrum, there are a series of special properties, for example: transient state, low energy
Property, penetrability, high bandwidth and the safety etc. that harmful organism ionization will not be generated, this supervises THz wave in biomolecule
The fields such as survey, national defense safety, medical diagnosis, noninvasive imaging, safety check have broad application prospects.And the production of narrow band terahertz band wave
The raw sensitivity for improving detection is especially important.
Currently, the method for generating the relevant THz wave in narrowband has very much, for example: free electron laser, quanta cascade swash
Light device, Cherenkov's non-colinear phase matched and THz wave and femtosecond laser collinear phase matching etc..It is especially conllinear
Effective extraction of long interaction and energy may be implemented in phase matched.But since THz wave is different with femtosecond laser speed,
As both transmission deviate, so that the realization of phase matched is still relatively difficult, to limit relevant narrow band terahertz band
The efficient excitation of wave.
Summary of the invention
Present invention seek to address that the prior art realizes the problem of collinear phase matching using anisotropic nonlinear crystal,
Provide a kind of sub-wavelength waveguide broadside and detection system, the THz wave and femtosecond laser of specific wavelength meet it is long away from
From collinear phase matching, to realize the reinforcement of narrow band terahertz band wave.
To achieve the above object, the scheme that the present invention uses is:
(1) it is vertically fixed on behind cylindrical lens using sub-wavelength waveguide ferroelectric material as terahertz radiation source;
(2) start femto-second laser, generate femto-second laser pulse, laser pulse generates pump light and detection by beam splitter
Light;
(3) pump light converges at sub-wavelength waveguide side through cylindrical lens, excites Terahertz by impulsive stimulated Raman scattering
Wave;
(4) according to Effective index method, in sub-wavelength waveguide, between the THz wave and femtosecond laser of specific wavelength
The phase matched for meeting long range realizes the generation and amplification of narrow band terahertz band wave;
(5) due to optical kerr effect and photorefractive effect, THz wave causes index distribution in waveguide to change, and detects light
Fundamental frequency signal and aperture system filter shaping are filtered off through bbo crystal frequency multiplication, filter plate, is incident on sub-wavelength waveguide surface, it will
Variations in refractive index caused by THz wave is recorded in its phase information, by 4F system, is converted into strength information, via prolonging
After slow line adjustment pump light and detection light relative optical path, the transient pulse that THz wave can be obtained on CCD in different moments is believed
Number;Wherein, the position of delay line is located in detection optical path between filter plate and pin-hole filter-ing system.
(6) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is done to terahertz time-domain pulse signal using relevant calculation software on computer, obtains
The narrow band terahertz band wave frequency spectrum of amplification.
Wherein, step (1) Central Asia length waveguides ferroelectric material refers to that material of the thickness at 0.3-300 μm, material properties are
Ferroelectric crystal such as lithium niobate, lithium tantalate etc..
Preferably, in step (2) femto-second laser pulse wavelength be it is ultraviolet to near-infrared, repetition rate is 1Hz-
100MHz, pulsewidth 5-1000fs.
Preferably, the average power density of pump light is minimum in step (2) is not less than 4W/cm2, not more than sub-wavelength
Waveguide ferroelectric material damage threshold, and ferroelectric material damage threshold is different for different materials numerical value, such as pure lithium niobate crystal
The threshold value of body is 50KW/cm2, for mg-doped lithium niobate threshold value then more than 1000KW/cm2。
Preferably, pump light is incident on the incidence angle in sub-wavelength waveguide no more than ± 10 ° in step (3), line focus light
The size of spot is 10-150 μm.
Preferably, step (3) Central Asia length waveguides side refers to that the sub-wavelength thickness direction of structure and short transverse are constituted
Two-dimensional surface.
Step (4) middle and long distance phase matched refers to that pump light focuses on sub-wavelength waveguide side, inspires wide range too
Hertz wave.For THz wave under sub-wavelength waveguide limitation, effective refractive index can be less than the refractive index in body material, and different frequencies
The corresponding refractive index of rate is different;For pump light, duct thickness is much larger than femtosecond laser wavelength, and refractive index is regarded as normal
Number.Therefore, in one timing of duct thickness, always there is the THz wave of specific frequency that there is refractive index identical with femtosecond laser, from
And the THz wave of narrow linewidth is generated.In addition, broadside structure interferes mutually long provide with femtosecond laser for THz wave
Sufficiently long range, effectively realizes the amplification of narrow band terahertz band wave.Therefore, the item that long range phase matched need to meet
Part:
And there is long enough distance interference mutually to grow in Terahertz transmission direction.Wherein,It is the Terahertz of frequency f
Effective phase refractive index of the wave in sub-wavelength waveguide,It is the group index of pump light in the waveguide.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
The present invention effectively changes the effective refractive index of THz wave due to the structure using sub-wavelength waveguide, so that
The collinear phase matching of THz wave and femtosecond laser is possibly realized in ferroelectric crystal, this is provided for the generation of narrow band terahertz band wave
A kind of more succinct scheme;
The present invention is able to achieve the continuous reinforcement of THz wave, is effectively reduced system due to the system using broadside
Complexity, improve the stability of system, it can be achieved that narrow band terahertz band wave generation and amplification.
The present invention has the characteristics that device is simple, at low cost, source material easily obtains, Terahertz pulse width, high-efficient.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is broadside narrow band terahertz band wave Experimental equipment
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of broadside
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the phase matched of one embodiment
Fig. 4 is the spectrogram of the narrow band terahertz band wave of one embodiment
Drawing reference numeral is as follows:
1- femto-second laser, 2- beam splitter, 3-BBO, 4- filter plate, the first reflecting mirror of 5-, 6- delay line, 7- pin-hole filter-ing
System, the 4th reflecting mirror of 8-, the 5th reflecting mirror of 9-, the 6th reflecting mirror of 10-, 11- cylindrical lens, 12- terahertz radiation source, 13-
4F system, 14-CCD, 15- computer, a- pump light, b- THz wave.
Specific embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of method that the narrow band terahertz band wave based on sub-wavelength waveguide is generated and detected, below with reference to attached
Figure, is described further the solution of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the inventive system comprises femto-second laser 1, beam splitter 2, bbo crystal 3, filter plate 4, first are anti-
It penetrates mirror 5, the second reflecting mirror and third reflecting mirror and constitutes delay line 6, pin-hole filter-ing system 7, the 4th reflecting mirror 8, the 5th reflecting mirror
9, the 6th reflecting mirror 10, cylindrical lens 11, terahertz radiation source 12,4F system 13, CCD 14 and computer 15.
Attached drawing 2 is the structural schematic diagram of broadside, and wherein a is pump light, and b is THz wave.
Implementation steps of the invention:
(1) it is vertically fixed on behind cylindrical lens 11, sub-wavelength waveguide using sub-wavelength waveguide as terahertz emission source 12
Ferroelectric material refers to that material of the thickness at 0.3-300 μm, material properties are ferroelectric crystal such as lithium niobate, lithium tantalate;
(2) start femto-second laser 1, generate femto-second laser pulse, wavelength can be ultraviolet to near-infrared, repetition rate 1Hz-
100MHz, pulsewidth 5-1000fs, laser pulse generate pump light and detection light by beam splitter 2;
(3) pump light is reflected through the 4th reflecting mirror 8, the 5th reflecting mirror 9 and the 6th reflecting mirror 10, then poly- through 11 line of cylindrical lens
Coke generates THz wave by impulsive stimulated Raman scattering in 12 side of terahertz radiation source;
(4) according to Effective index method, in sub-wavelength waveguide, between the THz wave and femtosecond laser of specific wavelength
Meet the phase matched of long range, to realize the generation and amplification of narrow band terahertz band wave;
(5) due to optical kerr effect and photorefractive effect, THz wave causes index distribution in waveguide to change, and detects light
Fundamental frequency signal is filtered by 3 frequency multiplication of bbo crystal, filter plate 4, using the first reflecting mirror 5, delay line 6, into pin-hole filter-ing system
System 7 filters detection light radio-frequency component, 12 surface of terahertz radiation source is incident on, by variations in refractive index caused by THz wave
It is recorded in its phase information, by 4F system 13, is converted into strength information, it, can be in CCD 14 by dynamic mobile delay line
Upper acquisition terahertz time-domain transient pulse signal;
(6) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is done to terahertz time-domain pulse signal using relevant calculation software on computer 15, obtains
To the narrow band terahertz band wave frequency spectrum of amplification.
The average power density of pump light is minimum in above-mentioned steps (2) is not less than 4W/cm2, not more than sub-wavelength
Waveguide ferroelectric material damage threshold, and ferroelectric material damage threshold is different for different materials numerical value.
Pump light is incident on the incidence angle in sub-wavelength waveguide no more than ± 10 ° in above-mentioned steps (3), line focus hot spot
Size can be 10-150 μm.
Referring to fig. 2, refer to that pump light focuses on sub-wavelength waveguide side in above-mentioned steps (4) middle and long distance phase matched,
Excite wide range THz wave.Since sub-wavelength duct thickness limits, the effective refractive index of THz wave can be less than in body material
Refractive index, and the corresponding refractive index of different frequency is different;And to pump light, duct thickness is much larger than femtosecond laser wavelength, because
This, the refractive index of pump light is regarded as constant.In one timing of duct thickness, always there are the THz wave of specific frequency and femtosecond to swash
Light has identical refractive index, to can produce the THz wave of narrow linewidth.In addition, broadside structure is THz wave and femtosecond
Mutually length provides sufficiently long range to laser interference, effectively realizes the amplification of narrow band terahertz band wave.Therefore, long range phase
Match the condition that need to meet:
And there is long enough distance interference mutually to grow in Terahertz transmission direction.Wherein,It is the Terahertz of frequency f
Effective phase refractive index of the wave in sub-wavelength waveguide,It is the group index of pump light in the waveguide.
Embodiment:
Specific step is as follows for narrow band terahertz band wave generation and detection method based on sub-wavelength waveguide:
(1) using having a size of 1cm × mg-doped lithium niobate sub-wavelength waveguide from 30 μ m 1.1cm, y to cutting as Terahertz
Radiation source is vertically fixed on behind cylindrical lens;
(2) start titanium sapphire femto-second laser, the laser of generation wavelength 800nm, repetition rate 1KHz, pulsewidth 120fs
Pulse, after laser pulse shines beam splitter with 45° angle, reflected light is pump light, and transmitted light is detection light, pump light and detection light
Initial bit it is mutually identical but mean power is respectively 450mW and 50mW;
(3) pump light is reflected through the 4th reflecting mirror, the 5th reflecting mirror and the 6th reflecting mirror, then through cylindrical lens line focus in too
Hertz wave radiation source side, focus direction are parallel to optical axis of crystal direction, and focal beam spot is 30 μm, are dissipated by impact excited Raman
Penetrate excitation THz wave;
(4) according to Effective index method, under the limitation of sub-wavelength waveguiding structure, the THz wave and femtosecond of specific wavelength
The phase matched for meeting long range between laser realizes the generation and amplification of narrow band terahertz band wave;
(5) due to optical kerr effect and photorefractive effect, THz wave causes index distribution in waveguide to change, and detects light
Fundamental frequency light is filtered through bbo crystal frequency multiplication, filter plate, using the first reflecting mirror, delay line 6, is filtered into pin-hole filter-ing system
Light radio-frequency component is detected, terahertz radiation source front is incident on, variations in refractive index caused by THz wave is recorded in it
In phase information, by 4F system, image on CCD.By dynamic mobile delay line, it can be achieved that the dynamic of transient state THz wave
Imaging.
(6) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is done to terahertz time-domain burst spectrum using MATLAB software on computer, is amplified
Narrow band terahertz band wave frequency spectrum.
The polarization direction of the pump light, detection light and THz wave is each parallel to lithium columbate crystal optical axis direction.
Attached drawing 3 is the schematic diagram of phase matched, the intersection point expression phase matched of pump light and THz wave effective refractive index
Point.According to slab guide theory, when femto-second laser pulse polarization is incident on mg-doped lithium niobate each parallel to optical axis with focus direction
When sub-wavelength waveguide side, the THz wave of TE mode is inspired.Under sub-wavelength waveguide limitation, the THz wave of wide range has
Refractive index 5.11 is reduced in effect refractive index opposite bank lithium niobate, and the corresponding effective refractive index of different frequency is different.And
The refractive index of femtosecond laser is regarded as 2.2.For 30 μm of lithium columbate crystal of thickness, frequency is the THz wave of 0.28THz
With refractive index identical with femtosecond laser, so that the THz wave of narrow linewidth is produced under conditions of meeting phase matched
It is raw.In addition, broadside structure is THz wave, mutually length provides sufficiently long range with femtosecond laser interference, effective to realize
The amplification of narrow band terahertz band wave, gained spectrogram are as shown in Figure 4.
Obvious above-described embodiment only clearly illustrates examples of the invention, and does not limit the embodiments.
For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description, other various forms of changes can also be made
Change or change, there is no need and unable to be exhaustive to all embodiments.Thus the obvious variation or change amplified
It moves still within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of narrow band terahertz band wave based on sub-wavelength waveguide generates and the method for detection, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
(1) it is vertically fixed on behind cylindrical lens using sub-wavelength waveguide ferroelectric material as terahertz radiation source;
(2) start femto-second laser, generate femto-second laser pulse, laser pulse generates pump light and detection light by beam splitter;
(3) pump light converges at sub-wavelength waveguide side through cylindrical lens, excites THz wave by impulsive stimulated Raman scattering;
(4) according to Effective index method, in sub-wavelength waveguide, meet between the THz wave and femtosecond laser of specific wavelength
The phase matched of long range realizes the generation and amplification of narrow band terahertz band wave;
(5) due to optical kerr effect and photorefractive effect, THz wave causes index distribution in waveguide to change, detection light warp
Bbo crystal frequency multiplication, filter plate filter off fundamental frequency signal and aperture system filter shaping, are incident on sub-wavelength waveguide surface, will too
Variations in refractive index caused by Hertz wave is recorded in its phase information, by 4F system, strength information is converted into, via delay
After line regulates and controls pump light and detection light relative optical path, THz wave can be obtained on CCD in the transient pulse signal of different moments;
Wherein, the position of delay line is located in detection optical path between filter plate and pin-hole filter-ing system;The position of CCD is located at 4F system
As in plane;
(6) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is done to terahertz time-domain pulse signal using relevant calculation software on computer, is amplified
Narrow band terahertz band wave frequency spectrum.
2. a kind of narrow band terahertz band wave based on sub-wavelength waveguide according to claim 1 generates and the method for detection,
It is characterized in that, step (1) Central Asia length waveguides ferroelectric material refers to that material of the thickness at 0.3-300 μm, material properties are
Ferroelectric crystal.
3. a kind of narrow band terahertz band wave based on sub-wavelength waveguide according to claim 1 generates and the method for detection,
It being characterized in that, the wavelength of femto-second laser pulse is ultraviolet to near-infrared in the step (2), and repetition rate is 1Hz-100MHz,
Pulsewidth is 5-1000fs.
4. a kind of narrow band terahertz band wave based on sub-wavelength waveguide according to claim 1 generates and the method for detection,
It is characterized in that, the average power density of pump light is minimum in the step (2) is not less than 4W/cm2, not more than sub-wavelength wave
Lead the damage threshold of ferroelectric material.
5. a kind of narrow band terahertz band wave based on sub-wavelength waveguide according to claim 1 generates and the method for detection,
It is characterized in that, pump light is incident on the incidence angle in sub-wavelength waveguide no more than ± 10 ° in the step (3).
6. a kind of narrow band terahertz band wave based on sub-wavelength waveguide according to claim 1 generates and the method for detection,
It is characterized in that, step (3) Central Asia length waveguides side refers to what the sub-wavelength thickness direction of structure and short transverse were constituted
Two-dimensional surface.
7. a kind of narrow band terahertz band wave based on sub-wavelength waveguide according to claim 1 generates and the method for detection,
It is characterized in that, step (4) the middle and long distance phase matched, which refers to, to be worked as
And in the matching way that Terahertz transmission direction has long enough distance to meet when interfering mutually long, whereinIt is frequency
Effective phase refractive index of the THz wave of rate f in sub-wavelength waveguide,It is the group index of femtosecond light in the waveguide.
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CN109286053B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-09-24 | 南开大学 | Method for manufacturing on-chip terahertz unidirectional transmitter based on sub-wavelength structure |
CN110160984B (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2021-12-24 | 南开大学 | On-chip terahertz sensing enhancement device based on super-surface and lithium niobate mixed structure |
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